Ceftin

2nd Generation Cephalosporin and Cephamycin Antibiotics

NOTE: Tablets and suspension are NOT bioequivalent and can not be substituted on a mg/mg basis.

Tablets: May be administered without regard to meals. Swallow tablets whole.

Oral Suspension: Administer with food. Shake well before each use. For accurate dosage, use a calibrated device, such as an oral syringe, calibrated spoon, or dosage cup.[28573]
Taste and palatability of the suspension have been reported to be unpleasant, particularly compared with other oral cephalosporins.[44471]
Reconstitution of oral suspension
Review the reconstitution instructions for the particular product and package size, as the amount of water required for reconstitution may vary between manufacturers.
Prior to reconstitution, tap the bottle several times to loosen the powder. Add the total amount of water, invert the bottle and vigorously rock the bottle from side to side so that water rises through the powder. Once the sound of the powder against the bottle disappears, turn the bottle upright and vigorously shake it in a diagonal direction.
Some manufacturers recommend waiting 1 hour after reconstitution before administering to the patient. Check the manufacturer's instructions prior to administration.
Storage after reconstitution: After mixing, store suspension in a refrigerator between 2 and 8 degrees C (36 and 46 degrees F). Discard any unused suspension after 10 days.[28573]

Visually inspect parenteral products for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration whenever solution and container permit.

Reconstitution
Reconstitute 750 mg or 1.5 g vial with 8.3 or 16 mL, respectively, of Sterile Water for Injection to yield a concentration of approximately 90 mg/mL.
Storage: Reconstituted solutions are stable for 24 hours at room temperature or 48 hours under refrigeration (5 degrees C).[49892]
 
Dilution
For IV infusion, further dilute in a compatible solution to a usual concentration of 1 to 30 mg/mL.
Compatible solutions include 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, 5% Dextrose Injection, 5% Dextrose and 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, 5% Dextrose and 0.45% Sodium Chloride Injection, 5% Dextrose and 0.225% Sodium Chloride Injection, 10% Dextrose Injection, 10% Invert Sugar in Water for Injection, 1/6 M Sodium Lactate Injection, Ringer's Injection, and Lactated Ringer's Injection.
To prepare solution for freezing, immediately withdraw the contents of the reconstituted vials and add to a compatible container containing 50 or 100 mL of 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection or 5% Dextrose Injection and freeze. Thaw frozen solutions at room temperature and do not refreeze. Do not force thaw by immersion in water baths or by microwave.
Storage: Diluted solutions are stable for 24 hours at room temperature and or 7 days under refrigeration. Frozen solutions are stable for 6 months when stored at -20 degrees C. Thawed frozen solutions may be stored for up to 24 hours at room temperature or 7 days under refrigeration.[49892]
 
DUPLEX Drug Delivery System
Use only if container and seals are intact. To inspect the drug powder for foreign matter or discoloration, peel the foil strip from the drug chamber.
Protect from light after removal of foil strip. If the foil strip is removed and the container will not be used immediately, refold container and latch the side tab until ready to activate and use within 7 days.
Once ready for activation, allow the product to reach room temperature before patient use.
Unfold Duplex container and point the set port downward. Starting at the hanger tab end, fold the Duplex container just below the diluent meniscus trapping all air above the fold.
To activate, squeeze the folded diluent chamber until the seal between the diluent and powder opens, releasing diluent into the drug powder chamber.
Agitate the liquid-powder mixture until the drug powder completely dissolves.
Storage: After reconstitution (activation), use within 24 hours if stored at room temperature or 7 days if stored under refrigeration.[59517]
 
IV Push
Inject directly into a vein over 3 to 5 minutes or slowly into the tubing of a freely-flowing compatible IV solution.[49892]
 
Intermittent IV Infusion
Infuse over 15 to 60 minutes.[54903]
Temporarily discontinue the administration of other solutions at the same site.[49892]
 
Continuous IV Infusion
Cefuroxime may be added to an IV infusion pack containing 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, 5% Dextrose Injection, 10% Dextrose Injection, 5% Dextrose and 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, 5% Dextrose and 0.45% Sodium Chloride Injection, or 1/6 M Sodium Lactate Injection.[49892]

Reconstitution
Reconstitute 750 mg vial with 3 mL of Sterile Water for Injection to yield a concentration of approximately 225 mg/mL. Shake gently before administration and withdraw appropriate contents for each dose.
Storage: Diluted solutions are stable for 24 hours at room temperature or 48 hours under refrigeration (5 degrees C).[49892]
 
Intramuscular Injection
Inject deeply into a large muscle mass (e.g., anterolateral thigh or deltoid [children and adolescents only]).[49892]

hemolytic anemia / Delayed / 0-1.0
pancytopenia / Delayed / 0-1.0
seizures / Delayed / 0-1.0
interstitial nephritis / Delayed / 0-1.0
toxic epidermal necrolysis / Delayed / 0-1.0
anaphylactoid reactions / Rapid / 0-1.0
erythema multiforme / Delayed / 0-1.0
Stevens-Johnson syndrome / Delayed / 0-1.0
vasculitis / Delayed / 0-1.0
serum sickness / Delayed / 0-1.0
acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) / Delayed / Incidence not known
aplastic anemia / Delayed / Incidence not known
agranulocytosis / Delayed / Incidence not known
azotemia / Delayed / Incidence not known
acute myocardial ischemia / Early / Incidence not known
myocardial infarction / Delayed / Incidence not known
C. difficile-associated diarrhea / Delayed / Incidence not known

eosinophilia / Delayed / 1.0-7.0
vaginitis / Delayed / 5.4-5.4
elevated hepatic enzymes / Delayed / 0-4.0
phlebitis / Rapid / 1.7-1.7
leukopenia / Delayed / 0-1.0
thrombocytopenia / Delayed / 0-1.0
hypoprothrombinemia / Delayed / 0-1.0
neutropenia / Delayed / 0-1.0
oral ulceration / Delayed / 0-1.0
dysuria / Early / 0-1.0
jaundice / Delayed / 0-1.0
hepatitis / Delayed / 0-1.0
cholestasis / Delayed / 0-1.0
erythema / Early / 0-1.0
chest pain (unspecified) / Early / 0-1.0
dyspnea / Early / 0-1.0
sinus tachycardia / Rapid / 0-1.0
candidiasis / Delayed / 0-1.0
hyperbilirubinemia / Delayed / 0.2-0.2
bleeding / Early / Incidence not known
superinfection / Delayed / Incidence not known
pseudomembranous colitis / Delayed / Incidence not known

diarrhea / Early / 0.5-10.6
nausea / Early / 0.2-7.0
vomiting / Early / 3.0-7.0
diaper dermatitis / Delayed / 3.0-3.0
sinusitis / Delayed / 0-1.0
infection / Delayed / 0-1.0
dyspepsia / Early / 0-1.0
abdominal pain / Early / 0-1.0
flatulence / Early / 0-1.0
anorexia / Delayed / 0-1.0
drowsiness / Early / 0-1.0
restlessness / Early / 0-1.0
headache / Early / 0-1.0
dizziness / Early / 0-1.0
fever / Early / 0-1.0
rash / Early / 0-1.0
pruritus / Rapid / 0-1.0
urticaria / Rapid / 0-1.0
chills / Rapid / 0-1.0
cough / Delayed / 0-1.0
arthralgia / Delayed / 0-1.0
muscle cramps / Delayed / 0-1.0
vaginal discharge / Delayed / 0-1.0
leukorrhea / Delayed / 0-1.0
injection site reaction / Rapid / Incidence not known
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction / Early / Incidence not known

Alti-Cefuroxime, Ceftin, Kefurox, Zinacef, Zinacef Powder

Rx

Oral/parenteral second-generation cephalosporin
Used for severe upper and lower respiratory tract infections, skin infections, otitis media, and surgical prophylaxis
Oral tablets and suspension are not bioequivalent and are not substitutable on a milligram-per-milligram basis

250 to 500 mg PO every 12 hours for 5 to 7 days. The FDA-approved treatment duration is 10 days.

250 to 500 mg PO every 12 hours for 10 days.

250 mg PO every 12 hours for 7 to 10 days.

250 mg PO every 12 hours for 7 to 10 days. Shorter courses of therapy (i.e., 3 to 5 days) may be adequate for uncomplicated UTI.

10 to 15 mg/kg/dose (Max: 250 mg/dose) PO every 12 hours for 3 to 5 days.

10 to 15 mg/kg/dose PO every 12 hours for 3 to 5 days.

750 mg IV or IM every 8 hours.

50 to 100 mg/kg/day (Max: 2.25 g/day) IV or IM divided every 6 to 8 hours.

10 to 15 mg/kg/dose (Max: 500 mg/dose) PO every 12 hours for 7 to 14 days.

10 to 15 mg/kg/dose PO every 12 hours. Infants younger than 2 to 3 months are at risk for systemic infection and rapid change in their clinical condition. Treat UTIs as presumed pyelonephritis in these patients.

1.5 g IV or IM every 8 hours for 7 to 14 days with or without an aminoglycoside.

100 to 150 mg/kg/day (Max: 4.5 g/day) IV or IM divided every 8 hours for 24 to 48 hours or until patient is clinically stable and afebrile, followed by oral antibiotics for a total duration of 7 to 14 days.

100 to 150 mg/kg/day IV or IM divided every 8 hours. Infants younger than 2 to 3 months are at risk for systemic infection and rapid change in their clinical condition. Treat UTIs as presumed pyelonephritis in these patients.

50 mg/kg/dose IV or IM every 8 hours. Neonates are at risk for systemic infection and rapid change in their clinical condition. Treat UTIs as presumed pyelonephritis in these patients.

50 mg/kg/dose IV or IM every 12 hours. Neonates are at risk for systemic infection and rapid change in their clinical condition. Treat UTIs as presumed pyelonephritis in these patients.

50 mg/kg/dose IV or IM every 8 hours. Neonates are at risk for systemic infection and rapid change in their clinical condition. Treat UTIs as presumed pyelonephritis in these patients.

50 mg/kg/dose IV or IM every 12 hours. Neonates are at risk for systemic infection and rapid change in their clinical condition. Treat UTIs as presumed pyelonephritis in these patients.

1.5 g IV every 8 hours for 4 to 6 weeks. For life-threatening infections or infections due to less susceptible organisms, 1.5 g IV every 6 hours may be required.

150 mg/kg/day (Max: 6 g/day) IV divided every 6 to 8 hours.

150 mg/kg/day IV divided every 6 to 8 hours. Treat for 14 to 21 days or until clinically improved, followed by oral step-down therapy for a total duration of 4 to 6 weeks. A longer course (several months) may be needed for severe or complicated infections.

50 mg/kg/dose IV every 8 hours. Treat for 14 to 21 days or until clinically improved, followed by oral step-down therapy for a total duration of 4 to 6 weeks. A longer course (several months) may be needed for severe or complicated infections.

50 mg/kg/dose IV every 12 hours. Treat for 14 to 21 days or until clinically improved, followed by oral step-down therapy for a total duration of 4 to 6 weeks. A longer course (several months) may be needed for severe or complicated infections.

50 mg/kg/dose IV every 8 hours. Treat for 14 to 21 days or until clinically improved, followed by oral step-down therapy for a total duration of 4 to 6 weeks. A longer course (several months) may be needed for severe or complicated infections.

50 mg/kg/dose IV every 12 hours. Treat for 14 to 21 days or until clinically improved, followed by oral step-down therapy for a total duration of 4 to 6 weeks. A longer course (several months) may be needed for severe or complicated infections.

60 to 100 mg/kg/day (Max: 3 g/day) PO divided every 8 hours as step-down therapy after initial parenteral therapy. Treat for a total duration of 3 to 4 weeks (parenteral plus oral) for uncomplicated cases. A longer course (i.e., 4 to 6 weeks or longer) may be needed for severe or complicated infections.

60 to 100 mg/kg/day PO divided every 8 hours as step-down therapy after initial parenteral therapy. Treat for a total duration of 4 to 6 weeks (parenteral plus oral). A longer course (several months) may be needed for severe or complicated infections.

1.5 g IV every 8 hours. For life-threatening infections or infections due to less susceptible organisms, 1.5 g IV every 6 hours may be required. Treat for 1 to 2 weeks or until clinically improved, followed by oral step-down therapy for 2 to 4 weeks.

150 mg/kg/day (Max: 6 g/day) IV divided every 6 to 8 hours. Treat for 2 to 4 days or until clinically improved, followed by oral step-down therapy for a total duration of 2 to 3 weeks for uncomplicated cases. A longer course (i.e., 4 to 6 weeks or longer) may be needed for septic hip arthritis or severe or complicated infections.

150 mg/kg/day IV divided every 6 to 8 hours. Treat for 14 to 21 days or until clinically improved, followed by oral step-down therapy for a total duration of 4 to 6 weeks. A longer course (several months) may be needed for severe or complicated infections.

50 mg/kg/dose IV every 8 hours. Treat for 14 to 21 days or until clinically improved, followed by oral step-down therapy for a total duration of 4 to 6 weeks. A longer course (several months) may be needed for severe or complicated infections.

50 mg/kg/dose IV every 12 hours. Treat for 14 to 21 days or until clinically improved, followed by oral step-down therapy for a total duration of 4 to 6 weeks. A longer course (several months) may be needed for severe or complicated infections.

50 mg/kg/dose IV every 8 hours. Treat for 14 to 21 days or until clinically improved, followed by oral step-down therapy for a total duration of 4 to 6 weeks. A longer course (several months) may be needed for severe or complicated infections.

50 mg/kg/dose IV every 12 hours. Treat for 14 to 21 days or until clinically improved, followed by oral step-down therapy for a total duration of 4 to 6 weeks. A longer course (several months) may be needed for severe or complicated infections.

60 to 100 mg/kg/day (Max: 3 g/day) PO divided every 8 hours as step-down therapy after initial parenteral therapy. Treat for a total duration of 2 to 3 weeks (parenteral plus oral) for uncomplicated cases. A longer course (i.e., 4 to 6 weeks or longer) may be needed for septic hip arthritis or severe or complicated infections.

60 to 100 mg/kg/day PO divided every 8 hours as step-down therapy after initial parenteral therapy. Treat for a total duration of 4 to 6 weeks (parenteral plus oral). A longer course (several months) may be needed for severe or complicated infections.

250 mg PO every 12 hours for 10 days. Guidelines do not recommended cefuroxime for routine therapy for Group A Streptococcal pharyngitis therapy to prevent rheumatic fever.

250 mg PO every 12 hours for 10 days. Guidelines do not recommended cefuroxime for routine therapy for Group A Streptococcal pharyngitis therapy to prevent rheumatic fever.

10 mg/kg/dose (Max: 250 mg/dose) PO every 12 hours for 10 days. Guidelines do not recommended cefuroxime for routine therapy for Group A Streptococcal pharyngitis therapy to prevent rheumatic fever.

10 mg/kg/dose PO every 12 hours for 10 days. Guidelines do not recommended cefuroxime for routine therapy for Group A Streptococcal pharyngitis therapy to prevent rheumatic fever.

Not recommended by guidelines. The FDA-approved dosage is 1 g PO as a single dose.

Not recommended by guidelines. The FDA-approved dosage is 1 g PO as a single dose.

Not recommended by guidelines. The FDA-approved dosage is 1.5 g IM as a single dose plus probenecid.

Not recommended by guidelines. The FDA-approved dosage is 1.5 g IM as a single dose plus probenecid.

Not recommended by guidelines. The FDA-approved dosage is 750 mg IV or IM every 8 hours for 5 to 10 days.

Not recommended by guidelines. The FDA-approved dosage is 750 mg IV or IM every 8 hours for 5 to 10 days.

15 mg/kg/dose (Max: 500 mg/dose) PO every 12 hours for 5 to 7 days for mild to moderate disease and 10 days for severe disease. The FDA-approved dose is 250 mg PO every 12 hours for 10 days. Guidelines recommend cefuroxime as an alternative to high-dose amoxicillin or high-dose amoxicillin; clavulanate in penicillin allergic patients.

15 mg/kg/dose (Max: 500 mg/dose) PO every 12 hours for 5 to 7 days for mild to moderate disease and 10 days for severe disease. Guidelines recommend cefuroxime as an alternative to high-dose amoxicillin or high-dose amoxicillin; clavulanate in penicillin allergic patients.

15 mg/kg/dose PO every 12 hours for 7 days for mild to moderate disease and 10 days for severe disease. Guidelines recommend cefuroxime as an alternative to high-dose amoxicillin or high-dose amoxicillin; clavulanate in penicillin allergic patients.

15 mg/kg/dose PO every 12 hours for 10 days. Guidelines recommend cefuroxime as an alternative to high-dose amoxicillin or high-dose amoxicillin; clavulanate in penicillin allergic patients.

15 mg/kg/dose PO every 12 hours for 10 days. Guidelines recommend cefuroxime as an alternative to high-dose amoxicillin or high-dose amoxicillin; clavulanate in penicillin allergic patients.

1.5 g IV or IM every 8 hours. For life-threatening infections or infections due to less susceptible organisms, 1.5 g IV or IM every 6 hours may be required.

100 to 150 mg/kg/day IV or IM divided every 6 to 8 hours (Max: 6 g/day).

100 to 150 mg/kg/day IV or IM divided every 8 hours is the general dosage recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP).

1.5 g IV or IM every 6 hours or 3 g IV or IM every 8 hours (Max: 9 g/day) is the FDA-approved dosage. However, guidelines recommend a third-generation cephalosporin for meningitis.

200 to 240 mg/kg/day IV or IM divided every 6 to 8 hours (Max: 9 g/day) is the FDA-approved dosage. However, guidelines recommend a third-generation cephalosporin for meningitis.

1 mg by intracameral injection is optional at the end of the procedure. Perioperative antisepsis with povidone-iodine is recommended. The necessity of continuing topical antimicrobials postoperatively has not been established.

1.5 g IV or IM within 30 to 60 minutes prior to the surgical incision. For lengthy operations, additional doses of 750 mg IV or IM may be given during the procedure and postoperatively every 8 hours. For open heart surgery, 1.5 g IV every 12 hours for 6 g total dose. Intraoperative redosing 4 hours from the first preoperative dose and a duration of prophylaxis less than 24 hours for most procedures are recommended by clinical practice guidelines. A longer prophylaxis duration of 48 hours for certain cardiothoracic procedures is controversial. Cefuroxime is FDA-approved for clean-contaminated or potentially contaminated procedures. Clinical practice guidelines recommend cefuroxime for cardiac or clean head and neck (with prosthesis) procedures and as an alternate therapy for urogynecology procedures. Cefuroxime is also recommended in combination with metronidazole for clean-contaminated head and neck procedures.

50 mg/kg IV or IM as a single dose (Max: 1.5 g/dose) within 60 minutes prior to the surgical incision. Intraoperative redosing 4 hours from the first preoperative dose and a duration of prophylaxis less than 24 hours for most procedures are recommended by clinical practice guidelines. A longer prophylaxis duration of 48 hours for certain cardiothoracic procedures is controversial. Clinical practice guidelines recommend cefuroxime for cardiac or clean head and neck (with prosthesis) procedures. Cefuroxime is also recommended in combination with metronidazole for clean-contaminated head and neck procedures.

250 mg PO every 12 hours for 10 days.

250 mg PO every 12 hours for 10 days.

10 mg/kg/dose (Max: 250 mg/dose) PO every 12 hours for 10 days.

10 mg/kg/dose PO every 12 hours for 10 days.

250 mg PO every 12 hours for 10 days. The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) does not recommend cefuroxime for empiric use.

250 mg PO every 12 hours for 10 days. The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) does not recommend cefuroxime for empiric use.

15 mg/kg/dose (Max: 500 mg/dose) PO every 12 hours for 10 days. The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) does not recommend cefuroxime for empiric use.

15 mg/kg/dose PO every 12 hours for 10 days. The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) does not recommend cefuroxime for empiric use.

15 mg/kg/dose (Max: 500 mg/dose) PO every 12 hours for 5 to 7 days.

15 mg/kg/dose (Max: 500 mg/dose) PO every 12 hours for 5 to 7 days. The FDA-approved duration is 10 days.

15 mg/kg/dose PO every 12 hours for 5 to 7 days.

250 to 500 mg PO every 12 hours for 5 to 14 days.

250 to 500 mg PO every 12 hours for 5 to 14 days.

10 to 15 mg/kg/dose (Max: 500 mg/dose) PO every 12 hours for 5 to 14 days.

0.75 to 1.5 g IV or IM every 6 to 8 hours for 5 to 14 days.

100 to 150 mg/kg/day IV or IM divided every 6 to 8 hours (Max: 6 g/day) for 5 to 14 days.

100 to 150 mg/kg/day IV or IM divided every 8 hours for 5 to 14 days.

50 mg/kg/dose IV or IM every 8 hours for 5 to 14 days.

50 mg/kg/dose IV or IM every 12 hours for 5 to 14 days.

50 mg/kg/dose IV or IM every 8 hours for 5 to 14 days.

50 mg/kg/dose IV or IM every 12 hours for 5 to 14 days.

1.5 g IV every 6 to 8 hours for 7 to 14 days for moderate or severe infections with no complicating features or infections with ischemic limb/necrosis/gas forming plus clindamycin or metronidazole. Continue treatment for up to 28 days if infection is improving but is extensive and resolving slower than expected or if patient has severe peripheral artery disease.

500 mg PO every 12 hours plus an anaerobic agent. In setting of a cat or dog bite, preemptive early antimicrobial therapy for 3 to 5 days is recommended for patients who are immunocompromised, asplenic, have advanced liver disease, have edema of the bite area, have moderate to severe injuries, particularly of the hand or face, or have penetrating injuries to the periosteum or joint capsule.

1 g IV every 12 hours plus an anaerobic agent. In setting of a cat or dog bite, preemptive early antimicrobial therapy for 3 to 5 days is recommended for patients who are immunocompromised, asplenic, have advanced liver disease, have edema of the bite area, have moderate to severe injuries, particularly of the hand or face, or have penetrating injuries to the periosteum or joint capsule. The FDA-approved dose is 0.75 to 1.5 g IV or IM every 8 hours for 5 to 10 days.

500 mg PO every 12 hours for 14 days.

15 mg/kg/dose (Max: 500 mg/dose) PO every 12 hours for 14 days.

15 mg/kg/dose (Max: 500 mg/dose) PO every 12 hours for 14 days.

500 mg PO every 12 hours for 28 days.

15 mg/kg/dose (Max: 500 mg/dose) PO every 12 hours for 28 days.

500 mg PO every 12 hours for 28 days. A second course of oral antibiotics may be a reasonable alternative for patients in whom synovial proliferation is modest compared to joint swelling and for those who prefer repeating a course of oral antibiotics before considering IV therapy.

15 mg/kg/dose (Max: 500 mg/dose) PO every 12 hours for 28 days. A second course of oral antibiotics may be a reasonable alternative for patients in whom synovial proliferation is modest compared to joint swelling and for those who prefer repeating a course of oral antibiotics before considering IV therapy.

500 mg PO every 12 hours for 14 to 21 days for patients with mild disease not requiring hospitalization (i.e., first degree AV block with PR interval less than 300 milliseconds) or as appropriate oral stepdown treatment after IV therapy in hospitalized patients with severe disease (i.e., symptomatic, first degree AV block with PR interval 300 milliseconds or greater, second or third degree AV block).

15 mg/kg/dose (Max: 500 mg/dose) PO every 12 hours for 14 to 21 days for patients with mild disease not requiring hospitalization (i.e., first degree AV block with PR interval less than 300 milliseconds) or as appropriate oral stepdown treatment after IV therapy in hospitalized patients with severe disease (i.e., symptomatic, first degree AV block with PR interval 300 milliseconds or greater, second or third degree AV block).

500 mg PO every 12 hours for 14 days.

15 mg/kg/dose (Max: 500 mg/dose) PO every 12 hours for 14 days.

500 mg PO every 12 hours for 21 to 28 days.

15 mg/kg/dose (Max: 500 mg/dose) PO every 12 hours for 21 to 28 days.

1.5 g IV every 8 hours as part of combination therapy for 3 to 7 days. Complicated infections include peritonitis and appendicitis complicated by rupture, and intraabdominal abscess.

100 to 150 mg/kg/day IV divided every 8 hours (Max: 4.5 g/day) as part of combination therapy for 3 to 7 days. Complicated infections include peritonitis and appendicitis complicated by rupture, and intraabdominal abscess.

50 mg/kg/dose IV every 8 hours for as part of combination therapy 7 to 10 days.

50 mg/kg/dose IV every 12 hours as part of combination therapy for 7 to 10 days.

50 mg/kg/dose IV every 8 hours for as part of combination therapy 7 to 10 days.

50 mg/kg/dose IV every 12 hours as part of combination therapy for 7 to 10 days.

1.5 g IV every 8 hours as part of combination therapy. Antibiotics should be discontinued within 24 hours. Uncomplicated infections include acute appendicitis without perforation, abscess, or local peritonitis; traumatic bowel perforations repaired within 12 hours; acute cholecystitis without perforation; and ischemic, non-perforated bowel.

100 to 150 mg/kg/day IV divided every 8 hours (Max: 4.5 g/day) as part of combination therapy. Antibiotics should be discontinued within 24 hours. Uncomplicated infections include acute appendicitis without perforation, abscess, or local peritonitis; traumatic bowel perforations repaired within 12 hours; acute cholecystitis without perforation; and ischemic, non-perforated bowel.

1.5 g IV every 8 hours for at least 48 hours, followed by oral step-down therapy for a total treatment duration of 5 to 10 days as part of combination therapy. Uncomplicated infections include acute appendicitis without perforation, abscess, or local peritonitis; traumatic bowel perforations repaired within 12 hours; acute cholecystitis without perforation; and ischemic, non-perforated bowel.

100 to 150 mg/kg/day IV divided every 8 hours (Max: 4.5 g/day) for at least 48 hours, followed by oral step-down therapy for a total treatment duration of 5 to 10 days as part of combination therapy. Uncomplicated infections include acute appendicitis without perforation, abscess, or local peritonitis; traumatic bowel perforations repaired within 12 hours; acute cholecystitis without perforation; and ischemic, non-perforated bowel.

250 mg PO every 12 hours for a total treatment duration of 5 to 10 days as step-down therapy after initial parenteral therapy as part of combination therapy. Uncomplicated infections include acute appendicitis without perforation, abscess, or local peritonitis; traumatic bowel perforations repaired within 12 hours; acute cholecystitis without perforation; and ischemic, non-perforated bowel.

10 to 15 mg/kg/dose (Max: 500 mg/dose) PO every 12 hours for a total treatment duration of 5 to 10 days as step-down therapy after initial parenteral therapy as part of combination therapy. Uncomplicated infections include acute appendicitis without perforation, abscess, or local peritonitis; traumatic bowel perforations repaired within 12 hours; acute cholecystitis without perforation; and ischemic, non-perforated bowel.

500 mg PO every 12 hours for at least 5 days as part of combination therapy for outpatients with comorbidities. Guide treatment duration by clinical stability.[34362] [64669]

10 to 15 mg/kg/dose (Max: 500 mg/dose) PO every 12 hours for 5 to 7 days.[34362] [63245] Guidelines recommend cefuroxime as an alternative oral step-down therapy for patients with S. pneumoniae and penicillin allergy and as part of combination therapy for HIV-infected outpatients.[34362] [46963]

10 to 15 mg/kg/dose (Max: 500 mg/dose) PO every 12 hours.[63245] Guidelines recommend cefuroxime as an alternative oral step-down therapy for infants and children 3 months of age and older with S. pneumoniae and penicillin allergy.[46963]

0.75 to 1.5 g IV or IM every 8 hours. For life-threatening infections or infections due to less susceptible organisms, 1.5 g IV or IM every 6 hours may be required.[49892] For community-acquired empyema, guidelines recommend cefuroxime in combination with metronidazole for at least 2 weeks after drainage and defervescence.[61949]

100 to 150 mg/kg/day IV or IM divided every 8 hours (Max: 6 g/day).[63245] Higher doses (i.e., 150 mg/kg/day) are generally recommended for pneumonia.[54904] FDA-approved labeling recommends 50 to 100 mg/kg/day IV or IM divided every 6 to 8 hours (Max: 6 g/day).[49892]

100 to 150 mg/kg/day IV or IM divided every 8 hours (Max: 6 g/day).[63245] Higher doses (i.e., 150 mg/kg/day) are generally recommended for pneumonia.[54904] FDA-approved labeling recommends 50 to 100 mg/kg/day IV or IM divided every 6 to 8 hours (Max: 6 g/day).[49892] Guidelines recommend cefuroxime as an alternative for bacterial pneumonia in HIV-infected patients.[34361]

100 to 150 mg/kg/day IV or IM divided every 8 hours.[63245] Higher doses (i.e., 150 mg/kg/day) are generally recommended for pneumonia.[54904] Guidelines recommend cefuroxime as an alternative for bacterial pneumonia in HIV-infected patients.[34361]

50 mg/kg/dose IV or IM every 8 hours.

50 mg/kg/dose IV or IM every 12 hours.

50 mg/kg/dose IV or IM every 8 hours.

50 mg/kg/dose IV or IM every 12 hours.

750 mg IV every 8 hours during the intrapartum period as alternative combination therapy. Give 1 additional dose after cesarean delivery; an additional dose is generally not needed after vaginal delivery. Other risk factors such as bacteremia or persistent postpartum fever may require additional therapy.

750 mg IV every 8 hours during the intrapartum period as alternative combination therapy. Give 1 additional dose after cesarean delivery; an additional dose is generally not needed after vaginal delivery. Other risk factors such as bacteremia or persistent postpartum fever may require additional therapy.

†Indicates off-label use

Specific guidelines for dosage adjustments in hepatic impairment are not available; however, it appears no dosage adjustment is necessary.

Adult patients:
Oral tablets
The following are FDA-approved dose adjustments; however, some recommend the full dose regardless of the degree of renal impairment.[32569]
CrCl 30 mL/minute or more: No dosage adjustment needed.
CrCl 10 to 29 mL/minute: Reduce frequency to once every 24 hours.
CrCl less than 10 mL/minute: Reduce frequency to once every 48 hours.[28573]
 
IV/IM formulations [49892]
CrCl more than 20 mL/minute: No dosage adjustment needed.
CrCl 10 to 20 mL/minute: Give a loading dose of 0.75 to 1.5 g IV/IM, followed by 750 mg IV/IM every 12 hours.
CrCl less than 10 mL/minute: Give a loading dose of 0.75 to 1.5 g IV/IM, followed by 750 mg IV/IM every 24 hours.
 
Pediatrics:
Oral suspension
The following dose adjustments are based on a usual pediatric dose of 20 to 30 mg/kg/day PO divided every 12 hours.[28573] [32569]
CrCl 10 mL/minute/1.73 m2 or higher: No dosage adjustment needed.
CrCl less than 10 mL/minute/1.73 m2: 10 to 15 mg/kg/dose PO every 24 hours.
 
IV/IM formulations
The following dose adjustments are based on a usual pediatric dose of 75 to 150 mg/kg/day IV/IM divided every 8 hours.[32569]
CrCl 30 mL/minute/1.73 m2 or higher: No dosage adjustment needed.
CrCl 10 to 29 mL/minute/1.73 m2: 25 to 50 mg/kg/dose IV/IM every 12 hours.
CrCl less than 10 mL/minute/1.73 m2: 25 to 50 mg/kg/dose IV/IM every 24 hours.[32569]
 
 
 
Intermittent hemodialysis
Adults
Cefuroxime is significantly removed during a standard hemodialysis session. A supplemental IV/IM or oral dose should be given after each dialysis, or the dosing regimen should be timed so that the dose of cefuroxime is scheduled at the end of the dialysis session.[28573] [49892]
Pediatrics
10 to 15 mg/kg/dose PO every 24 hours OR 25 to 50 mg/kg/dose IV/IM every 24 hours after dialysis.[32569] [49892]
 
Peritoneal dialysis
Adults: Give a loading dose of 0.75 to 1.5 g IV/IM, followed by 750 mg IV/IM every 24 hours; oral dose adjustments not necessary.[32569]
Pediatrics: 10 to 15 mg/kg/dose PO every 24 hours OR 25 to 50 mg/kg/dose IV/IM every 12 hours.[32569]
 
Continuous renal replacement therapy
Adults: 1 g IV/IM every 12 hours.[32569]
Pediatrics: 25 to 50 mg/kg/dose IV/IM every 8 hours.[32569]

Amikacin: (Minor) Cefuroxime's product label states that cephalosporins may potentiate the adverse renal effects of nephrotoxic agents, such as aminoglycosides and loop diuretics. Carefully monitor renal function, especially during prolonged therapy or use of high aminoglycoside doses. The majority of reported cases involve the combination of aminoglycosides and cephalothin or cephaloridine, which are associated with dose-related nephrotoxicity as singular agents. Limited but conflicting data with other cephalosporins have been noted.
Aminoglycosides: (Minor) Cefuroxime's product label states that cephalosporins may potentiate the adverse renal effects of nephrotoxic agents, such as aminoglycosides and loop diuretics. Carefully monitor renal function, especially during prolonged therapy or use of high aminoglycoside doses. The majority of reported cases involve the combination of aminoglycosides and cephalothin or cephaloridine, which are associated with dose-related nephrotoxicity as singular agents. Limited but conflicting data with other cephalosporins have been noted.
Amoxicillin; Clarithromycin; Omeprazole: (Major) Avoid the concomitant use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and cefuroxime. Drugs that reduce gastric acidity, such as PPIs, can interfere with the oral absorption of cefuroxime axetil and may result in reduced antibiotic efficacy.
Antacids: (Moderate) Antacids can interfere with the oral absorption of cefuroxime axetil and may result in reduced antibiotic efficacy. If an antacid must be used while a patient is taking cefuroxime, administer the oral dosage of cefuroxime at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after the antacid.
Aspirin, ASA; Citric Acid; Sodium Bicarbonate: (Moderate) Antacids can interfere with the oral absorption of cefuroxime axetil and may result in reduced antibiotic efficacy. If an antacid must be used while a patient is taking cefuroxime, administer the oral dosage of cefuroxime at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after the antacid.
Aspirin, ASA; Omeprazole: (Major) Avoid the concomitant use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and cefuroxime. Drugs that reduce gastric acidity, such as PPIs, can interfere with the oral absorption of cefuroxime axetil and may result in reduced antibiotic efficacy.
Calcium Carbonate: (Moderate) Antacids can interfere with the oral absorption of cefuroxime axetil and may result in reduced antibiotic efficacy. If an antacid must be used while a patient is taking cefuroxime, administer the oral dosage of cefuroxime at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after the antacid.
Calcium Carbonate; Famotidine; Magnesium Hydroxide: (Major) Avoid the concomitant use of H2-blockers and cefuroxime. Drugs that reduce gastric acidity, such as H2-blockers, can interfere with the oral absorption of cefuroxime axetil and may result in reduced antibiotic efficacy. (Moderate) Antacids can interfere with the oral absorption of cefuroxime axetil and may result in reduced antibiotic efficacy. If an antacid must be used while a patient is taking cefuroxime, administer the oral dosage of cefuroxime at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after the antacid.
Calcium Carbonate; Magnesium Hydroxide: (Moderate) Antacids can interfere with the oral absorption of cefuroxime axetil and may result in reduced antibiotic efficacy. If an antacid must be used while a patient is taking cefuroxime, administer the oral dosage of cefuroxime at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after the antacid.
Calcium Carbonate; Magnesium Hydroxide; Simethicone: (Moderate) Antacids can interfere with the oral absorption of cefuroxime axetil and may result in reduced antibiotic efficacy. If an antacid must be used while a patient is taking cefuroxime, administer the oral dosage of cefuroxime at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after the antacid.
Calcium Carbonate; Simethicone: (Moderate) Antacids can interfere with the oral absorption of cefuroxime axetil and may result in reduced antibiotic efficacy. If an antacid must be used while a patient is taking cefuroxime, administer the oral dosage of cefuroxime at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after the antacid.
Calcium; Vitamin D: (Moderate) Antacids can interfere with the oral absorption of cefuroxime axetil and may result in reduced antibiotic efficacy. If an antacid must be used while a patient is taking cefuroxime, administer the oral dosage of cefuroxime at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after the antacid.
Cimetidine: (Major) Avoid the concomitant use of H2-blockers and cefuroxime. Drugs that reduce gastric acidity, such as H2-blockers, can interfere with the oral absorption of cefuroxime axetil and may result in reduced antibiotic efficacy.
Dexlansoprazole: (Major) Avoid the concomitant use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and cefuroxime. Drugs that reduce gastric acidity, such as PPIs, can interfere with the oral absorption of cefuroxime axetil and may result in reduced antibiotic efficacy.
Esomeprazole: (Major) Avoid the concomitant use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and cefuroxime. Drugs that reduce gastric acidity, such as PPIs, can interfere with the oral absorption of cefuroxime axetil and may result in reduced antibiotic efficacy.
Famotidine: (Major) Avoid the concomitant use of H2-blockers and cefuroxime. Drugs that reduce gastric acidity, such as H2-blockers, can interfere with the oral absorption of cefuroxime axetil and may result in reduced antibiotic efficacy.
Gentamicin: (Minor) Cefuroxime's product label states that cephalosporins may potentiate the adverse renal effects of nephrotoxic agents, such as aminoglycosides and loop diuretics. Carefully monitor renal function, especially during prolonged therapy or use of high aminoglycoside doses. The majority of reported cases involve the combination of aminoglycosides and cephalothin or cephaloridine, which are associated with dose-related nephrotoxicity as singular agents. Limited but conflicting data with other cephalosporins have been noted.
H2-blockers: (Major) Avoid the concomitant use of H2-blockers and cefuroxime. Drugs that reduce gastric acidity, such as H2-blockers, can interfere with the oral absorption of cefuroxime axetil and may result in reduced antibiotic efficacy.
Ibuprofen; Famotidine: (Major) Avoid the concomitant use of H2-blockers and cefuroxime. Drugs that reduce gastric acidity, such as H2-blockers, can interfere with the oral absorption of cefuroxime axetil and may result in reduced antibiotic efficacy.
Lansoprazole: (Major) Avoid the concomitant use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and cefuroxime. Drugs that reduce gastric acidity, such as PPIs, can interfere with the oral absorption of cefuroxime axetil and may result in reduced antibiotic efficacy.
Lansoprazole; Amoxicillin; Clarithromycin: (Major) Avoid the concomitant use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and cefuroxime. Drugs that reduce gastric acidity, such as PPIs, can interfere with the oral absorption of cefuroxime axetil and may result in reduced antibiotic efficacy.
Lanthanum Carbonate: (Major) To limit absorption problems, oral cefuroxime should not be taken within 2 hours of dosing with lanthanum carbonate. Oral drugs known to interact with cationic antacids, like cefuroxime, may also be bound by lanthanum carbonate. Separate the times of administration appropriately. Monitor the patient to ensure the appropriate response to cefuroxime is obtained.
Loop diuretics: (Minor) Nephrotoxicity associated with cephalosporins may be potentiated by concomitant therapy with loop diuretics. Clinicians should be aware that this may occur even in patients with minor or transient renal impairment.
Mycophenolate: (Minor) Drugs that alter the gastrointestinal flora may interact with mycophenolate by disrupting enterohepatic recirculation. Cefuroxime may decrease normal GI flora levels and thus lead to less free mycophenolate available for absorption.
Naproxen; Esomeprazole: (Major) Avoid the concomitant use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and cefuroxime. Drugs that reduce gastric acidity, such as PPIs, can interfere with the oral absorption of cefuroxime axetil and may result in reduced antibiotic efficacy.
Nizatidine: (Major) Avoid the concomitant use of H2-blockers and cefuroxime. Drugs that reduce gastric acidity, such as H2-blockers, can interfere with the oral absorption of cefuroxime axetil and may result in reduced antibiotic efficacy.
Omeprazole: (Major) Avoid the concomitant use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and cefuroxime. Drugs that reduce gastric acidity, such as PPIs, can interfere with the oral absorption of cefuroxime axetil and may result in reduced antibiotic efficacy.
Omeprazole; Amoxicillin; Rifabutin: (Major) Avoid the concomitant use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and cefuroxime. Drugs that reduce gastric acidity, such as PPIs, can interfere with the oral absorption of cefuroxime axetil and may result in reduced antibiotic efficacy.
Omeprazole; Sodium Bicarbonate: (Major) Avoid the concomitant use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and cefuroxime. Drugs that reduce gastric acidity, such as PPIs, can interfere with the oral absorption of cefuroxime axetil and may result in reduced antibiotic efficacy. (Moderate) Antacids can interfere with the oral absorption of cefuroxime axetil and may result in reduced antibiotic efficacy. If an antacid must be used while a patient is taking cefuroxime, administer the oral dosage of cefuroxime at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after the antacid.
Oral Contraceptives: (Moderate) It would be prudent to recommend alternative or additional contraception when oral contraceptives (OCs) are used in conjunction with antibiotics. It was previously thought that antibiotics may decrease the effectiveness of OCs containing estrogens due to stimulation of metabolism or a reduction in enterohepatic circulation via changes in GI flora. One retrospective study reviewed the literature to determine the effects of oral antibiotics on the pharmacokinetics of contraceptive estrogens and progestins, and also examined clinical studies in which the incidence of pregnancy with OCs and antibiotics was reported. It was concluded that the antibiotics ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, doxycycline, metronidazole, ofloxacin, roxithromycin, temafloxacin, and tetracycline did not alter plasma concentrations of OCs. Antituberculous drugs (e.g., rifampin) were the only agents associated with OC failure and pregnancy. Based on the study results, these authors recommended that back-up contraception may not be necessary if OCs are used reliably during oral antibiotic use. Another review concurred with these data, but noted that individual patients have been identified who experienced significant decreases in plasma concentrations of combined OC components and who appeared to ovulate; the agents most often associated with these changes were rifampin, tetracyclines, and penicillin derivatives. These authors concluded that because females most at risk for OC failure or noncompliance may not be easily identified and the true incidence of such events may be under-reported, and given the serious consequence of unwanted pregnancy, that recommending an additional method of contraception during short-term antibiotic use may be justified. During long-term antibiotic administration, the risk for drug interaction with OCs is less clear, but alternative or additional contraception may be advisable in selected circumstances. Data regarding progestin-only contraceptives or for newer combined contraceptive deliveries (e.g., patches, rings) are not available.
Pantoprazole: (Major) Avoid the concomitant use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and cefuroxime. Drugs that reduce gastric acidity, such as PPIs, can interfere with the oral absorption of cefuroxime axetil and may result in reduced antibiotic efficacy.
Paromomycin: (Minor) Cefuroxime's product label states that cephalosporins may potentiate the adverse renal effects of nephrotoxic agents, such as aminoglycosides and loop diuretics. Carefully monitor renal function, especially during prolonged therapy or use of high aminoglycoside doses. The majority of reported cases involve the combination of aminoglycosides and cephalothin or cephaloridine, which are associated with dose-related nephrotoxicity as singular agents. Limited but conflicting data with other cephalosporins have been noted.
Plazomicin: (Minor) Cefuroxime's product label states that cephalosporins may potentiate the adverse renal effects of nephrotoxic agents, such as aminoglycosides and loop diuretics. Carefully monitor renal function, especially during prolonged therapy or use of high aminoglycoside doses. The majority of reported cases involve the combination of aminoglycosides and cephalothin or cephaloridine, which are associated with dose-related nephrotoxicity as singular agents. Limited but conflicting data with other cephalosporins have been noted.
Proton pump inhibitors: (Major) Avoid the concomitant use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and cefuroxime. Drugs that reduce gastric acidity, such as PPIs, can interfere with the oral absorption of cefuroxime axetil and may result in reduced antibiotic efficacy.
Rabeprazole: (Major) Avoid the concomitant use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and cefuroxime. Drugs that reduce gastric acidity, such as PPIs, can interfere with the oral absorption of cefuroxime axetil and may result in reduced antibiotic efficacy.
Ranitidine: (Major) Avoid the concomitant use of H2-blockers and cefuroxime. Drugs that reduce gastric acidity, such as H2-blockers, can interfere with the oral absorption of cefuroxime axetil and may result in reduced antibiotic efficacy.
Sodium Bicarbonate: (Moderate) Antacids can interfere with the oral absorption of cefuroxime axetil and may result in reduced antibiotic efficacy. If an antacid must be used while a patient is taking cefuroxime, administer the oral dosage of cefuroxime at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after the antacid.
Sodium picosulfate; Magnesium oxide; Anhydrous citric acid: (Major) Prior or concomitant use of antibiotics with sodium picosulfate; magnesium oxide; anhydrous citric acid may reduce efficacy of the bowel preparation as conversion of sodium picosulfate to its active metabolite bis-(p-hydroxy-phenyl)-pyridyl-2-methane (BHPM) is mediated by colonic bacteria. If possible, avoid coadministration. Certain antibiotics (i.e., tetracyclines and quinolones) may chelate with the magnesium in sodium picosulfate; magnesium oxide; anhydrous citric acid solution. Therefore, these antibiotics should be taken at least 2 hours before and not less than 6 hours after the administration of sodium picosulfate; magnesium oxide; anhydrous citric acid solution.
Streptomycin: (Minor) Cefuroxime's product label states that cephalosporins may potentiate the adverse renal effects of nephrotoxic agents, such as aminoglycosides and loop diuretics. Carefully monitor renal function, especially during prolonged therapy or use of high aminoglycoside doses. The majority of reported cases involve the combination of aminoglycosides and cephalothin or cephaloridine, which are associated with dose-related nephrotoxicity as singular agents. Limited but conflicting data with other cephalosporins have been noted.
Tobramycin: (Minor) Cefuroxime's product label states that cephalosporins may potentiate the adverse renal effects of nephrotoxic agents, such as aminoglycosides and loop diuretics. Carefully monitor renal function, especially during prolonged therapy or use of high aminoglycoside doses. The majority of reported cases involve the combination of aminoglycosides and cephalothin or cephaloridine, which are associated with dose-related nephrotoxicity as singular agents. Limited but conflicting data with other cephalosporins have been noted.
Vonoprazan; Amoxicillin: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of cefuroxime and vonoprazan. Vonoprazan reduces intragastric acidity, which may decrease the absorption of cefuroxime reducing its efficacy.
Vonoprazan; Amoxicillin; Clarithromycin: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of cefuroxime and vonoprazan. Vonoprazan reduces intragastric acidity, which may decrease the absorption of cefuroxime reducing its efficacy.
Warfarin: (Moderate) The concomitant use of warfarin with many classes of antibiotics, including cephalosporins, may increase the INR thereby potentiating the risk for bleeding. Inhibition of vitamin K synthesis due to alterations in the intestinal flora may be a mechanism; however, concurrent infection is also a potential risk factor for elevated INR. Additionally, certain cephalosporins (cefotetan, cefoperazone, cefamandole) are associated with prolongation of the prothrombin time due to the methylthiotetrazole (MTT) side chain at the R2 position, which disturbs the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors in the liver. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of bleeding. Additionally, increased monitoring of the INR, especially during initiation and upon discontinuation of the antibiotic, may be necessary.

Alti-Cefuroxime/Ceftin/Cefuroxime/Cefuroxime Axetil Oral Tab: 250mg, 500mg
Cefuroxime/Cefuroxime Sodium/Kefurox/Zinacef Intramuscular Inj Pwd F/Sol: 1.5g, 7.5g, 750mg
Cefuroxime/Cefuroxime Sodium/Kefurox/Zinacef Intravenous Inj Pwd F/Sol: 1.5g, 7.5g, 750mg

9 g/day IV/IM; 1,000 mg/day PO.

9 g/day IV/IM; 1,000 mg/day PO.

240 mg/kg/day IV/IM (Max: 9 g/day); 30 mg/kg/day (Max: 1,000 mg/day) PO is FDA-approved maximum; however doses up to 100 mg/kg/day (Max: 3,000 mg/day) PO have been used off-label.

240 mg/kg/day IV/IM (Max: 9 g/day); 30 mg/kg/day (Max: 1,000 mg/day) PO is FDA-approved maximum; however doses up to 100 mg/kg/day (Max: 3,000 mg/day) PO have been used off-label.

3 to 11 months: 240 mg/kg/day IV/IM; 30 mg/kg/day PO is FDA-approved maximum; however doses up to 100 mg/kg/day PO have been used off-label.
1 to 2 months: Safety and efficacy have not been established; however, doses up to 150 mg/kg/day IV/IM and 100 mg/kg/day PO have been used off-label.

32 weeks gestation and older and 8 days and older: Safety and efficacy have not been established; however, doses up to 150 mg/kg/day IV/IM have been used off-label.
32 weeks gestation and older and 0 to 7 days: Safety and efficacy have not been established; however, doses up to 100 mg/kg/day IV/IM have been used off-label.
younger than 32 weeks gestation and 7 days and older: Safety and efficacy have not been established; however, doses up to 150 mg/kg/day IV/IM have been used off-label.
younger than 32 weeks gestation and 0 to 6 days: Safety and efficacy have not been established; however, doses up to 100 mg/kg/day IV/IM have been used off-label.

Cefuroxime, a beta-lactam antibiotic, is mainly bactericidal. It inhibits the third and final stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis by preferentially binding to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) that are located inside the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are responsible for several steps in cell wall synthesis and are found in quantities of several hundred to several thousand molecules per bacterial cell. PBPs vary among different bacterial species. Thus, the intrinsic activity of cefuroxime as well as other beta-lactams against a particular organism depends on their ability to gain access to and bind with the necessary PBP. Like all beta-lactam antibiotics, cefuroxime's ability to interfere with PBP-mediated cell wall synthesis ultimately leads to cell lysis. Lysis is mediated by bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes (i.e., autolysins). The relationship between PBPs and autolysins is unclear, but it is possible that the beta-lactam antibiotic interferes with an autolysin inhibitor. Prevention of the autolysin response to beta-lactam antibiotic exposure through loss of autolytic activity (mutation) or inactivation of autolysin (low-medium pH) by the microorganism can lead to tolerance to the beta-lactam antibiotic resulting in bacteriostatic activity.
 
Beta-lactams, including cefuroxime, exhibit concentration-independent or time-dependent killing. In vitro and in vivo animal studies have demonstrated that the major pharmacodynamic parameter that determines efficacy for beta-lactams is the amount of time free (non-protein bound) drug concentrations exceed the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the organism (free T above the MIC). This microbiological killing pattern is due to the mechanism of action, which is acylation of PBPs. There is a maximum proportion of PBPs that can be acylated; therefore, once maximum acylation has occurred, killing rates cannot increase. Free beta-lactam concentrations do not have to remain above the MIC for the entire dosing interval. The percentage of time required for both bacteriostatic and maximal bactericidal activity is different for the various classes of beta-lactams. Cephalosporins require free drug concentrations to be above the MIC for 35% to 40% of the dosing interval for bacteriostatic activity and 60% to 70% of the dosing interval for bactericidal activity.
 
The susceptibility interpretive criteria for cefuroxime are delineated by pathogen and dosage form. The MICs are defined for S. pneumoniae as susceptible at 0.5 mcg/mL or less, intermediate at 1 mcg/mL, and resistant at 2 mcg/mL or more for parenteral cefuroxime and as susceptible at 1 mcg/mL or less, intermediate at 2 mcg/mL, and resistant at 4 mcg/mL or more for oral cefuroxime. The MICs are defined for H. influenzae and H. parainfluenzae as susceptible at 4 mcg/mL or less, intermediate at 8 mcg/mL, and resistant at 16 mcg/mL or more for both parenteral and oral cefuroxime. Oxacillin-susceptible staphylococci may be considered susceptible to cefuroxime. Similarly, for group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, penicillin susceptibility is a surrogate for cefuroxime. The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and the FDA differ on MIC interpretation for Enterobacterales. The CLSI defines MICs for Enterobacterales as susceptible at 8 mcg/mL or less, intermediate at 16 mcg/mL, and resistant at 32 mcg/mL or more for parenteral cefuroxime (based on a dose of 1.5 g IV every 8 hours) and as susceptible at 4 mcg/mL or less, intermediate at 8 to 16 mcg/mL, and resistant at 32 mcg/mL or more for oral cefuroxime. The FDA defines MICs for Enterobacterales as susceptible at 8 mcg/mL or less and resistant at 16 mcg/mL or more (based on a dose of 1.5 g IV every 8 hours).
 
Resistance to cefuroxime is primarily through hydrolysis by beta-lactamases, alteration of PBPs, decreased permeability, and the presence of bacterial efflux pumps.

Cefuroxime is administered intravenously and intramuscularly as the sodium salt and orally as cefuroxime axetil. Approximately 50% of the circulating cefuroxime is protein-bound. It is distributed into most body tissues and fluids including gallbladder; liver; kidney; bone; uterus; ovary; sputum; bile; and peritoneal, pleural, and synovial fluids. It penetrates inflamed meninges and reaches therapeutic levels within the CSF. It does cross the placenta. Cefuroxime is largely excreted unchanged into the urine via glomerular filtration and tubular secretion. A small percentage is excreted in breast milk. The concomitant oral administration of probenecid with cefuroxime slows tubular secretion, decreases renal clearance by approximately 40%, increases the peak serum level by approximately 30%, and increases the serum half-life by approximately 30%. Elimination half-life is 1 to 2 hours in patients with normal renal function. The axetil portion of cefuroxime axetil is metabolized to acetic acid and acetaldehyde.[28573] [49892]

Cefuroxime axetil is rapidly hydrolyzed in the intestinal mucosa, with approximately 37% of an oral dose reaching the systemic circulation as cefuroxime. Peak serum levels of cefuroxime after administration of cefuroxime axetil occur within 2 to 3 hours following an oral dose. Cefuroxime axetil oral suspension was not bioequivalent to cefuroxime axetil tablets when tested in healthy adults. The tablet and powder for oral suspension formulations are NOT substitutable on a milligram-per-milligram basis. The AUC for the suspension averaged 91% of that for the tablet, and the peak plasma concentration (Cmax) for the suspension averaged 71% of the peak plasma concentration of the tablets. Absorption of the tablet is greater when taken after food (absolute bioavailability of tablets increases from 37% to 52%); despite this difference in absorption, the clinical and bacteriologic responses were independent of administration technique and the tablets may be taken with or without food. All pharmacokinetic and clinical studies using the suspension formulation were conducted in the fed state; the suspension should thus be administered with food.[28573]

Following intravenous (IV) doses of 750 mg and 1.5 g of cefuroxime sodium to adults, serum concentrations were approximately 50 and 100 mcg/mL, respectively, at 15 minutes. Therapeutic serum concentrations of approximately 2 mcg/mL or more were maintained for 5.3 hours and 8 hours or more, respectively. There was no evidence of accumulation of cefuroxime in the serum following IV administration of 1.5 g doses every 8 hours to normal adult volunteers. The serum half-life after IV injection is approximately 80 minutes. Approximately 89% of a dose of cefuroxime is excreted by the kidneys over an 8-hour period, resulting in high urinary concentrations. IV doses of 750 mg and 1.5 g produced urinary levels averaging 1,150 and 2,500 mcg/mL, respectively, during the first 8-hour period.

In adults, peak serum levels of cefuroxime sodium occur at roughly 45 minutes (range: 15 to 60 minutes) following intramuscular (IM) injection of a 750 mg dose; the mean peak serum concentration was 27 mcg/mL. The serum half-life after IM injection is approximately 80 minutes. Approximately 89% of a dose of cefuroxime is excreted by the kidneys over an 8-hour period, resulting in high urinary concentrations. Urinary concentrations following IM dosing averaged 1,300 mcg/mL during the first 8 hours.

Available data over several decades with cephalosporin use, including cefuroxime, during pregnancy in women have not established drug-associated risks of major birth defects, miscarriage, or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. In animal studies during organogenesis with oral cefuroxime at 14 and 9 times the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) based on body surface area, there were no adverse developmental outcomes.[28573]

Cefuroxime is excreted in human breast milk. The highest maternal milk concentration occurred in lactating women 8 hours after intramuscular administration of cefuroxime 750 mg. Allowing for infant milk consumption of 150 mL/kg/day, the estimated breast-fed infant dose would be less than 1% of the adult dose. No data are available on the effects of cefuroxime on the breast-fed infant or the effects of the drug on milk production. Consider the developmental and health benefits of breast-feeding along with the mother's clinical need for cefuroxime and any potential adverse effects on the breast-fed infant from cefuroxime or the underlying maternal condition.[28573] Rare potential complications in the nursing infant include alterations of gut flora that might result in diarrhea or related complications (e.g., dehydration). Because the risk of serious reactions is relatively rare, the use of many cephalosporins is considered compatible with breast-feeding. Although the use of cefuroxime during breast-feeding has not been evaluated, previous American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommendations and other experts consider other cephalosporins, such as cefazolin, cefprozil, and cefadroxil, as generally compatible with breast-feeding.[27500] [30584]