ORKAMBI

CFTR Potentiator and Corrector Combinations

Oral Administration Oral Solid Formulations

Administer each dose with fat-containing food (e.g., eggs, avocados, nuts, butter, peanut butter, cheese pizza, breast milk, infant formula, whole-milk dairy products, such as whole milk, cheese, and yogurt).
If a dose is missed within 6 hours of the time it is usually taken, the dose should be taken with fat-containing food as soon as possible. If more than 6 hours have passed since the dose is usually taken, skip that dose and resume with the usual dosing schedule.
Oral granules: Mix the entire contents of each packet of oral granules with 5 mL of age-appropriate soft food (e.g., pureed fruits or vegetables, flavored yogurt or pudding, or applesauce) or liquid (e.g., water, milk, breast milk, infant formula, or juice); the mixture should be completely consumed. Food should be at room temperature or below. Each packet is for single use only. Once mixed, the product is stable for 1 hour and should be consumed during that time.

Severe

hepatic encephalopathy / Delayed / 0-1.0
anaphylactoid reactions / Rapid / Incidence not known

Moderate

dyspnea / Early / 13.0-13.0
hypertension / Early / 1.1-1.1
hyperbilirubinemia / Delayed / 0-1.0
hemoptysis / Delayed / 0-1.0
elevated hepatic enzymes / Delayed / 1.0
cataracts / Delayed / Incidence not known

Mild

cough / Delayed / 17.5-17.5
nasal congestion / Early / 16.5-16.5
pharyngitis / Delayed / 13.0-13.0
nausea / Early / 13.0-13.0
abdominal pain / Early / 12.6-12.6
headache / Early / 12.6-12.6
diarrhea / Early / 12.0-12.0
infection / Delayed / 0-10.0
menstrual irregularity / Delayed / 10.0-10.0
menorrhagia / Delayed / 10.0-10.0
amenorrhea / Delayed / 10.0-10.0
dysmenorrhea / Delayed / 10.0-10.0
fatigue / Early / 9.0-9.0
flatulence / Early / 7.0-7.0
rash / Early / 7.0-7.0
rhinorrhea / Early / 6.0-6.0
influenza / Delayed / 5.0-5.0

ORKAMBI

Rx

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator
Used for treatment of CF in patients who are homozygous for F508del mutation in CFTR gene, the most common mutation associated with CF
Liver function monitoring and eye exams (pediatric patients) required at baseline and periodically throughout therapy

For the treatment of cystic fibrosis in persons who are homozygous for the F508del mutation in the CFTR gene. Oral dosage (tablet) Adults

400 mg lumacaftor/250 mg ivacaftor PO every 12 hours. Coadministration of certain drugs may need to be avoided or dosage adjustments may be necessary; review drug interactions.

Children and Adolescents 12 to 17 years

400 mg lumacaftor/250 mg ivacaftor PO every 12 hours. Coadministration of certain drugs may need to be avoided or dosage adjustments may be necessary; review drug interactions.

Children 6 to 11 years

200 mg lumacaftor/250 mg ivacaftor PO every 12 hours. Coadministration of certain drugs may need to be avoided or dosage adjustments may be necessary; review drug interactions.

Oral dosage (granules) Children 1 to 5 years weighing 14 kg or more

150 mg lumacaftor/188 mg ivacaftor PO every 12 hours. Coadministration of certain drugs may need to be avoided or dosage adjustments may be necessary; review drug interactions.

Children 1 to 5 years weighing 9 to 13 kg

100 mg lumacaftor; 125 mg ivacaftor PO every 12 hours. Coadministration of certain drugs may need to be avoided or dosage adjustments may be necessary; review drug interactions.

Children 1 to 2 years weighing 7 to 8 kg

75 mg lumacaftor/94 mg ivacaftor PO every 12 hours. Coadministration of certain drugs may need to be avoided or dosage adjustments may be necessary; review drug interactions.

Hepatic Impairment

Mild impairment (Child-Pugh Class A): No dosage adjustment necessary.
Moderate impairment (Child-Pugh Class B): For patients 1 to 5 years, reduce the dosage to 1 packet of oral granules in the morning and 1 packet of oral granules every other day in the evening. For patients 6 years and older, reduce the dosage to 2 tablets in the morning and 1 tablet in the evening.
Severe impairment (Child-Pugh Class C): For patients 1 to 5 years, reduce the dosage to 1 packet of oral granules once daily in the morning or less frequently. For patients 6 years and older, reduce the dosage to 1 tablet every 12 hours or less frequently. Use with caution; this drug has not been studied in patients with severe hepatic impairment.

Renal Impairment

CrCl more than 30 mL/minute: No dosage adjustment necessary.
CrCl 30 mL/minute or less: Use with caution; specific guidelines for dosage adjustments are not available.

Abacavir; Dolutegravir; Lamivudine: (Moderate) Dolutegravir plasma concentrations may be reduced when administered concurrently with lumacaftor; ivacaftor; thereby increasing the risk for HIV treatment failures or the development of viral-resistance. Data are insufficient to make dosing recommendations; however, predictions regarding this interaction can be made based on the drugs metabolic pathways. Dolutegravir is partially metabolized by CYP3A and, in vitro, is a substrate for the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) drug transporter. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data suggest lumacaftor; ivacaftor may also induce and/or inhibit P-gp.
Abemaciclib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with abemaciclib due to decreased exposure to abemaciclib and its active metabolites, which may lead to reduced efficacy. Consider alternative treatments. Abemaciclib is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased the relative potency adjusted unbound AUC of abemaciclib plus its active metabolites (M2, M18, and M20) by approximately 70% in healthy subjects.
Abiraterone: (Major) Avoid coadministration of abiraterone with lumacaftor; ivacaftor if possible due to decreased plasma concentrations of abiraterone. If concomitant use is unavoidable, increase the dosing frequency of abiraterone to twice daily. Reduce the dose back to the previous dose and frequency if lumacaftor; ivacaftor is discontinued. Abiraterone is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased abiraterone exposure by 55%.
Acalabrutinib: (Major) Avoid the concomitant use of acalabrutinib and lumacaftor; ivacaftor. If coadministration cannot be avoided, increase the acalabrutinib dose to 200 mg PO twice daily. Decreased acalabrutinib exposure may occur. Acalabrutinib is a CYP3A4 substrate; lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. In healthy subjects, the Cmax and AUC values of acalabrutinib were decreased by 68% and 77%, respectively, when acalabrutinib was coadministered with another strong CYP3A4 inducer for 9 days.
Acetaminophen; Aspirin; Diphenhydramine: (Minor) Concomitant use of diphenhydramine and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter diphenhydramine exposure; monitor for diphenhydramine efficacy and adverse events. Diphenhydramine is partially metabolized by CYP2C9 and CYP2C19. In vitro data suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce CYP2C19 and induce and/or inhibit CYP2C9. Although induction of diphenhydramine through the CYP2C19 pathway may lead to decreased drug efficacy, the net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on CYP2C9-mediated metabolism is not clear. (Minor) Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with CYP2C9 substrates, such as diphenhydramine. In vitro studies showed ivacaftor to be a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9. Co-administration may lead to increased exposure to CYP2C9 substrates; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined.
Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Dihydrocodeine: (Moderate) Concomitant use of dihydrocodeine with ivacaftor may increase dihydrocodeine plasma concentrations, resulting in greater metabolism by CYP2D6, increased dihydromorphine concentrations, and prolonged opioid adverse reactions, including hypotension, respiratory depression, profound sedation, coma, and death. If coadministration is necessary, monitor patients closely at frequent intervals and consider a dosage reduction of dihydrocodeine until stable drug effects are achieved. Discontinuation of ivacaftor could decrease dihydrocodeine plasma concentrations, decrease opioid efficacy, and potentially lead to a withdrawal syndrome in those with physical dependence to dihydrocodeine. If ivacaftor is discontinued, monitor the patient carefully and consider increasing the opioid dosage if appropriate. Ivacaftor is a weak inhibitor of CYP3A4, an isoenzyme partially responsible for the metabolism of dihydrocodeine. (Moderate) Concomitant use of dihydrocodeine with lumacaftor; ivacaftor can decrease dihydrocodeine levels, resulting in less metabolism by CYP2D6 and decreased dihydromorphine concentrations; this may result in decreased efficacy or onset of a withdrawal syndrome in patients who have developed physical dependence. If coadministration is necessary, monitor for reduced efficacy of dihydrocodeine and signs of opioid withdrawal; consider increasing the dose of dihydrocodeine as needed. If lumacaftor; ivacaftor is discontinued, consider a dose reduction of dihydrocodeine and frequently monitor for signs or respiratory depression and sedation. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong inducer of CYP3A4, an isoenzyme partially responsible for the metabolism of dihydrocodeine.
Acetaminophen; Codeine: (Moderate) Concomitant use of codeine with lumacaftor; ivacaftor can decrease codeine levels, resulting in less metabolism by CYP2D6 and decreased morphine concentrations; this may result in decreased efficacy or onset of a withdrawal syndrome in patients who have developed physical dependence. It is recommended to avoid this combination when codeine is being used for cough. If coadministration is necessary, monitor for reduced efficacy of codeine and signs of opioid withdrawal; consider increasing the dose of codeine as needed. If lumacaftor; ivacaftor is discontinued, consider a dose reduction of codeine and frequently monitor for signs or respiratory depression and sedation. Codeine is primarily metabolized by CYP2D6 to morphine, and by CYP3A4 to norcodeine; norcodeine does not have analgesic properties. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer.
Acetaminophen; Diphenhydramine: (Minor) Concomitant use of diphenhydramine and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter diphenhydramine exposure; monitor for diphenhydramine efficacy and adverse events. Diphenhydramine is partially metabolized by CYP2C9 and CYP2C19. In vitro data suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce CYP2C19 and induce and/or inhibit CYP2C9. Although induction of diphenhydramine through the CYP2C19 pathway may lead to decreased drug efficacy, the net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on CYP2C9-mediated metabolism is not clear. (Minor) Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with CYP2C9 substrates, such as diphenhydramine. In vitro studies showed ivacaftor to be a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9. Co-administration may lead to increased exposure to CYP2C9 substrates; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined.
Acetaminophen; Hydrocodone: (Moderate) Concomitant use of hydrocodone with lumacaftor; ivacaftor can decrease hydrocodone levels; this may result in decreased efficacy or onset of a withdrawal syndrome in patients who have developed physical dependence. It is recommended to avoid this combination when hydrocodone is being used for cough. If coadministration is necessary, monitor for reduced efficacy of hydrocodone and signs of opioid withdrawal; consider increasing the dose of hydrocodone as needed. If lumacaftor; ivacaftor is discontinued, consider a dose reduction of hydrocodone and frequently monitor for signs or respiratory depression and sedation. Hydrocodone is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. (Moderate) Consider a reduced dose of hydrocodone with frequent monitoring for respiratory depression and sedation if concurrent use of ivacaftor is necessary. Hydrocodone is a CYP3A4 substrate, and coadministration with CYP3A4 inhibitors like ivacaftor can increase hydrocodone exposure resulting in increased or prolonged opioid effects including fatal respiratory depression, particularly when an inhibitor is added to a stable dose of hydrocodone. These effects could be more pronounced in patients also receiving a CYP2D6 inhibitor. If ivacaftor is discontinued, hydrocodone plasma concentrations will decrease resulting in reduced efficacy of the opioid and potential withdrawal syndrome in a patient who has developed physical dependence to hydrocodone.
Acetaminophen; Ibuprofen: (Minor) Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with CYP2C9 substrates, such as ibuprofen. In vitro studies showed ivacaftor to be a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9. Co-administration may lead to increased exposure to CYP2C9 substrates; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined. (Minor) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter the systemic exposure of ibuprofen. If used together, a dose adjustment of ibuprofen may be required to obtain the desired therapeutic effect and/or avoid adverse effects. Do not exceed the recommended maximum dose. Ibuprofen is a CYP2C9 substrate, and in vitro studies suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor has the potential to induce or inhibit CYP2C9.
Acetaminophen; Oxycodone: (Moderate) Consider a reduced dose of oxycodone with frequent monitoring for respiratory depression and sedation if concurrent use of ivacaftor is necessary. If ivacaftor is discontinued, consider increasing the oxycodone dose until stable drug effects are achieved and monitor for evidence of opioid withdrawal. Oxycodone is a CYP3A4 substrate, and coadministration with a weak inhibitor like ivacaftor can increase oxycodone exposure resulting in increased or prolonged opioid effects including fatal respiratory depression, particularly when an inhibitor is added to a stable dose of oxycodone. If ivacaftor is discontinued, oxycodone plasma concentrations will decrease resulting in reduced efficacy of the opioid and potential withdrawal syndrome in a patient who has developed physical dependence to oxycodone. (Moderate) Monitor for reduced efficacy of oxycodone and signs of opioid withdrawal if coadministration with lumacaftor; ivacaftor is necessary; consider increasing the dose of oxycodone as needed. If lumacaftor; ivacaftor is discontinued, consider a dose reduction of oxycodone and frequently monitor for signs of respiratory depression and sedation. Oxycodone is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Concomitant use with CYP3A4 inducers can decrease oxycodone concentrations; this may result in decreased efficacy or onset of a withdrawal syndrome in patients who have developed physical dependence.
Adagrasib: (Major) Avoid concurrent use of adagrasib and lumacaftor; ivacaftor due to the risk of decreased adagrasib exposure which may reduce its efficacy. The exposure of lumacaftor; ivacaftor may also be increased; if concomitant use is necessary, a lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage adjustment may be necessary. Adagrasib is a CYP3A substrate and strong CYP3A inhibitor and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and strong CYP3A inducer. Concomitant use with another strong CYP3A inducer reduced adagrasib exposure by more than 66%. In pharmacokinetic studies, coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with another strong CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 4.3-fold. (Major) If adagrasib and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to twice weekly. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and adagrasib is a strong CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 8.5-fold.
Afatinib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of afatinib with lumacaftor; ivacaftor if possible, due to unpredictability of clinical effect. Although the clinical significance of this interaction is unknown, concurrent use of afatinib and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter afatinib exposure; caution and close monitoring are advised if these drugs are used together. Afatinib is a substrate of the drug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp). In vitro data suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor has the potential to both induce and inhibit P-gp. The net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on P-gp transport is not clear, but substrate exposure may be affected leading to either decreased efficacy of afatinib or increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events. FDA-approved labeling for afatinib recommends reducing the dose by 10 mg per day if the original dose is not tolerated when administered with P-gp inhibitors, and increasing the dose by 10 mg/day as tolerated when given with P-gp inducers. Administration of the P-gp inhibitor, ritonavir (200 mg twice daily for 3 days), 1 hour before afatinib (single dose) increased the afatinib AUC and Cmax by 48% and 39%, respectively; there was no change in the afatinib AUC when ritonavir was administered at the same time as afatinib or 6 hours later. In healthy subjects, the relative bioavailability for AUC and Cmax of afatinib was 119% and 104%, respectively, when coadministered with ritonavir, and 111% and 105% when ritonavir was administered 6 hours after afatinib. Pre-treatment with a strong P-gp inducer, rifampicin (600 mg daily for 7 days), decreased the afatinib AUC by 34% and the Cmax by 22%. (Moderate) If the concomitant use of ivacaftor and afatinib is necessary, consider reducing the afatinib dose by 10 mg per day if the original dose is not tolerated; resume the previous dose of afatinib as tolerated after discontinuation of ivacaftor. Afatinib is a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate and inhibitor in vitro. Ivacaftor and its M1 metabolite are weak P-gp inhibitors; coadministration may increase plasma concentrations of afatinib. Coadministration of ivacaftor with digoxin, a sensitive P-gp substrate, increased digoxin exposure by 1.3-fold. Administration of another P-gp inhibitor, ritonavir (200 mg twice daily for 3 days), 1 hour before afatinib (single dose) increased the afatinib AUC and Cmax by 48% and 39%, respectively; there was no change in the afatinib AUC when ritonavir was administered at the same time as afatinib or 6 hours later. In healthy subjects, the relative bioavailability for AUC and Cmax of afatinib was 119% and 104%, respectively, when coadministered with ritonavir, and 111% and 105% when ritonavir was administered 6 hours after afatinib. The manufacturer of afatinib recommends permanent discontinuation of therapy for severe or intolerant adverse drug reactions at a dose of 20 mg per day, but does not address a minimum dose otherwise.
Albuterol; Budesonide: (Moderate) Concomitant use of budesonide and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter the therapeutic effects of budesonide; caution and close monitoring are advised if these drugs are used together. Budesonide is a primary substrate of CYP3A4 and a substrate of the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux transporter. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data also suggest lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce and/or inhibit P-gp. Although induction of budesonide through the CYP3A pathway may lead to decreased drug efficacy, the net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on P-gp transport is not clear. Monitor the patient for decreased corticosteroid efficacy or increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events. (Moderate) Use caution when administering ivacaftor and budesonide concurrently. Ivacaftor is an inhibitor of CYP3A and P-glycoprotein (Pgp). Co-administration of ivacaftor with CYP3A and Pgp substrates, such as budesonide, can increase budesonide exposure leading to increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events.
Alfentanil: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the systemic exposure and therapeutic efficacy of alfentanil. If used together, alfentanil dosages may need to be adjusted. Alfentanil is a CYP3A substrate. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. In a crossover study in healthy males, plasma alfentanil concentration-time profiles significantly depended on CYP3A4 activity. In the presence of rifampin, another strong CYP3A inducer, alfentanil noncompartmental clearance increased from 5.3 +/- 2.3 mL/kg/minute to 14.6 +/- 3.8 mL/kg/minute and elimination half-life decreased from 58 +/- 13 minutes to 35 +/- 7 minutes. (Moderate) Use caution when administering ivacaftor and alfentanil concurrently. Ivacaftor is an inhibitor of CYP3A, and alfentanil is a CYP3A substrate. Co-administration can increase alfentanil exposure leading to increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events.
Alfuzosin: (Minor) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of alfuzosin by decreasing its systemic exposure. If used together, monitor the patient for appropriate clinical effects. Alfuzosin is a CYP3A4 substrate. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Aliskiren: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter the systemic exposure of aliskiren. If used together, monitor blood pressure closely and adjust the aliskiren dosage as appropriate. Aliskiren is a substrate of CYP3A4 and the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) drug transporter. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data suggests lumacaftor; ivacaftor may also induce and/or inhibit P-gp. While the induction of aliskiren through the CYP3A pathway may lead to decreased drug efficacy, the net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on P-gp transport is not clear.
Aliskiren; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter the systemic exposure of aliskiren. If used together, monitor blood pressure closely and adjust the aliskiren dosage as appropriate. Aliskiren is a substrate of CYP3A4 and the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) drug transporter. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data suggests lumacaftor; ivacaftor may also induce and/or inhibit P-gp. While the induction of aliskiren through the CYP3A pathway may lead to decreased drug efficacy, the net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on P-gp transport is not clear.
Almotriptan: (Minor) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of almotriptan by decreasing its systemic exposure. If used together, monitor the patient for appropriate clinical effects. Almotriptan is partially metabolized by CYP3A4. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Alpelisib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of alpelisib with lumacaftor; ivacaftor due to decreased exposure to alpelisib which could decrease efficacy. Alpelisib is a CYP3A4 substrate; lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer.
Alprazolam: (Major) Avoid coadministration of alprazolam and ivacaftor due to the potential for elevated alprazolam concentrations, which may cause prolonged sedation and respiratory depression. If coadministration is necessary, consider reducing the dose of alprazolam as clinically appropriate and monitor for an increase in alprazolam-related adverse reactions. Lorazepam, oxazepam, or temazepam may be safer alternatives if a benzodiazepine must be administered in combination with ivacaftor, as these benzodiazepines are not oxidatively metabolized. Alprazolam is a CYP3A4 substrate and ivacaftor is a weak CYP3A4 inhibitor. Coadministration with another weak CYP3A4 inhibitor increased alprazolam maximum concentration by 82%, decreased clearance by 42%, and increased half-life by 16%. (Moderate) Monitor for reduced efficacy of alprazolam and signs of benzodiazepine withdrawal if coadministration with lumacaftor; ivacaftor is necessary. Alprazolam is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Concomitant use with CYP3A4 inducers can decrease alprazolam concentrations; this may result in decreased efficacy or onset of a withdrawal syndrome in patients who have developed physical dependence.
Amiodarone: (Major) If amiodarone and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to once daily. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and amiodarone is a moderate CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another moderate CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 3-fold.
Amitriptyline: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of amitriptyline by decreasing its systemic exposure. If used together, monitor patients closely for amitriptyline efficacy; an amitriptyline dosage adjustment may be required to obtain the desired therapeutic effect. Do not exceed recommended maximum doses. Amitriptyline is primarily metabolized by CYP2C19 (and CYP2D6) and is also a substrate of CYP3A4 and CYP2C9. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data also suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce CYP2C19 and induce and/or inhibit CYP2C9.
Amlodipine: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the systemic exposure and therapeutic efficacy of amlodipine. If used together, monitor blood pressure closely; the dosage requirements of amlodipine may be increased. Amlodipine is a CYP3A substrate. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Amlodipine; Atorvastatin: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter the systemic exposure of atorvastatin; if used together, monitor serum lipid concentrations. Atorvastatin is a substrate of CYP3A4 and the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) drug transporter. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data suggests lumacaftor; ivacaftor may also induce and/or inhibit P-gp. While the induction of atorvastatin through the CYP3A pathway may lead to decreased plasma concentrations of atorvastatin, the net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on P-gp transport is not clear. (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the systemic exposure and therapeutic efficacy of amlodipine. If used together, monitor blood pressure closely; the dosage requirements of amlodipine may be increased. Amlodipine is a CYP3A substrate. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Amlodipine; Benazepril: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the systemic exposure and therapeutic efficacy of amlodipine. If used together, monitor blood pressure closely; the dosage requirements of amlodipine may be increased. Amlodipine is a CYP3A substrate. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Amlodipine; Celecoxib: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the systemic exposure and therapeutic efficacy of amlodipine. If used together, monitor blood pressure closely; the dosage requirements of amlodipine may be increased. Amlodipine is a CYP3A substrate. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. (Minor) Although the clinical significance of this interaction is unknown, concurrent use of celecoxib and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter celecoxib exposure; caution and close monitoring are advised if these drugs are used together. Celecoxib is a substrate of CYP2C9; in vitro data suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce and/or inhibit CYP2C9. The net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on CYP2C9-mediated metabolism is not clear, but CYP2C9 substrate exposure may be affected. (Minor) Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with CYP2C9 substrates, such as celecoxib. In vitro studies showed ivacaftor to be a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9. Co-administration may lead to increased exposure to CYP2C9 substrates; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined.
Amlodipine; Olmesartan: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the systemic exposure and therapeutic efficacy of amlodipine. If used together, monitor blood pressure closely; the dosage requirements of amlodipine may be increased. Amlodipine is a CYP3A substrate. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Amlodipine; Valsartan: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the systemic exposure and therapeutic efficacy of amlodipine. If used together, monitor blood pressure closely; the dosage requirements of amlodipine may be increased. Amlodipine is a CYP3A substrate. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Amlodipine; Valsartan; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the systemic exposure and therapeutic efficacy of amlodipine. If used together, monitor blood pressure closely; the dosage requirements of amlodipine may be increased. Amlodipine is a CYP3A substrate. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Amoxicillin; Clarithromycin; Omeprazole: (Major) Avoid coadministration if possible; lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the therapeutic efficacy of clarithromycin. If concomitant use is necessary, monitor microbiological activity and adjust drug dosages as necessary. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage adjustment is not required when clarithromycin is started in a patient already taking lumacaftor; ivacaftor. However, if lumacaftor; ivacaftor is initiated in a patient already taking clarithromycin, reduce the dose of lumacaftor; ivacaftor to 1 tablet PO daily or 1 packet of oral granules every other day for the first week of treatment, and then increase to the usual recommended daily dose. This dosage adjustment is also necessary if lumacaftor; ivacaftor therapy has been interrupted for more than 1 week and re-initiated while the patient is taking clarithromycin. Clarithromycin is a substrate and strong inhibitor of CYP3A. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Increasing the metabolism of clarithromycin decreases plasma concentrations of clarithromycin, but increases plasma concentrations of 14-OH-clarithromycin (active metabolite); the microbiological activity of each is different for different bacteria. In addition, the inhibitory effects of clarithromycin may increase the systemic exposure of ivacaftor. In pharmacokinetic studies, coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with another strong CYP3A inhibitor, increased ivacaftor exposure by 4.3-fold. However, because lumacaftor is a strong inducer of CYP3A, the net exposure of ivacaftor at steady state is not expected to exceed that achieved with ivacaftor monotherapy (i.e., 150 mg PO every 12 hours). (Major) If clarithromycin and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to twice weekly. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and clarithromycin is a strong CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 8.5-fold. (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of omeprazole by substantially decreasing its systemic exposure. If used together, an omeprazole dosage adjustment may be necessary to obtain the desired therapeutic effect. Omeprazole is a CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 substrate. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong inducer of CYP3A; in vitro data suggests is also has the potential to induce CYP2C19.
Apalutamide: (Major) Coadministration of ivacaftor with apalutamide is not recommended due to decreased plasma concentrations of ivacaftor. Ivacaftor is a sensitive CYP3A4 substrate and apalutamide is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer significantly decreased ivacaftor exposure by approximately 9-fold.
Apremilast: (Major) Coadministration of apremilast and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is not recommended due to the potential for decreased apremilast exposure and reduced efficacy. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration of another strong CYP450 inducer decreased the apremilast AUC and Cmax by 72% and 43%, respectively.
Aprepitant, Fosaprepitant: (Major) Avoid coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor and aprepitant, fosaprepitant, as substantially decreased exposure of aprepitant in patients taking a strong CYP3A4 inducer may decrease efficacy. After administration, fosaprepitant is rapidly converted to aprepitant and shares the same drug interactions. Aprepitant, fosaprepitant is primarily metabolized by CYP3A4, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. The AUC and mean terminal half-life of aprepitant decreased approximately 11-fold and 3-fold, respectively, when a single 375-mg dose of aprepitant was administered during a 14-day course of another strong CYP3A inducer. (Major) If aprepitant/fosaprepitant and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to once daily. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and aprepitant/fosaprepitant is a moderate CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another moderate CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 3-fold.
Aripiprazole: (Major) Recommendations for managing aripiprazole and lumacaftor; ivacaftor vary by aripiprazole dosage form. For aripiprazole oral dosage forms, double the usual dose over 1 to 2 weeks. For extended-release aripiprazole injections administered monthly (Abilify Maintena) and every 2 months (Abilify Asimtufii), avoid concomitant use. Concomitant use may decrease aripiprazole exposure and reduce efficacy. Aripiprazole is CYP3A substrate; lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. (Major) Recommendations for managing aripiprazole and lumacaftor; ivacaftor vary by aripiprazole dosage form. For extended-release aripiprazole lauroxil injections (Aristada), increase the 441 mg dose to 662 mg; no adjustments are necessary for other dosages. For fixed dose extended-release aripiprazole lauroxil injections (Aristada Initio), avoid concomitant use because the dose cannot be modified. Concomitant use may decrease aripiprazole exposure and reduce efficacy. Aripiprazole is CYP3A substrate; lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. (Moderate) Monitor for aripiprazole-related adverse reactions during concomitant use of ivacaftor. Patients receiving both a CYP2D6 inhibitor plus ivacaftor may require an aripiprazole dosage adjustment. Dosing recommendations vary based on aripiprazole dosage form, CYP2D6 inhibitor strength, and CYP2D6 metabolizer status. See prescribing information for details. Concomitant use may increase aripiprazole exposure and risk for side effects. Aripiprazole is a CYP3A and CYP2D6 substrate; ivacaftor is a weak CYP3A inhibitor.
Artemether; Lumefantrine: (Contraindicated) Concomitant use of lumacaftor; ivacaftor and artemether; lumefantrine is contraindicated. Coadministration is expected to result in subtherapeutic artemether; lumefantrine serum concentrations and a possible reduction in antimalarial activity. Artemether; lumefantrine is primarily metabolized by CYP3A4 and is also a substrate of CYP2B6, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data also suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce CYP2B6 and CYP2C19, and induce and/or inhibit CYP2C9.
Aspirin, ASA; Carisoprodol: (Minor) Carisoprodol is extensively metabolized and is a significant substrate of CYP2C19 isoenzymes. The formation of meprobamate (active metabolite of carisoprodol) is catalyzed by CYP2C19. In vitro data suggest that lumacaftor may induce CYP2C19. If these drugs are coadministered, the potential exists for increased metabolism of carisoprodol. Theoretically, carisoprodol plasma concentrations could be decreased, and meprobamate (active metabolite) plasma concentrations could be increased. The full pharmacological impact of these potential alterations of exposures in terms of either efficacy or safety of carisoprodol is unknown.
Aspirin, ASA; Carisoprodol; Codeine: (Moderate) Concomitant use of codeine with lumacaftor; ivacaftor can decrease codeine levels, resulting in less metabolism by CYP2D6 and decreased morphine concentrations; this may result in decreased efficacy or onset of a withdrawal syndrome in patients who have developed physical dependence. It is recommended to avoid this combination when codeine is being used for cough. If coadministration is necessary, monitor for reduced efficacy of codeine and signs of opioid withdrawal; consider increasing the dose of codeine as needed. If lumacaftor; ivacaftor is discontinued, consider a dose reduction of codeine and frequently monitor for signs or respiratory depression and sedation. Codeine is primarily metabolized by CYP2D6 to morphine, and by CYP3A4 to norcodeine; norcodeine does not have analgesic properties. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. (Minor) Carisoprodol is extensively metabolized and is a significant substrate of CYP2C19 isoenzymes. The formation of meprobamate (active metabolite of carisoprodol) is catalyzed by CYP2C19. In vitro data suggest that lumacaftor may induce CYP2C19. If these drugs are coadministered, the potential exists for increased metabolism of carisoprodol. Theoretically, carisoprodol plasma concentrations could be decreased, and meprobamate (active metabolite) plasma concentrations could be increased. The full pharmacological impact of these potential alterations of exposures in terms of either efficacy or safety of carisoprodol is unknown.
Aspirin, ASA; Omeprazole: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of omeprazole by substantially decreasing its systemic exposure. If used together, an omeprazole dosage adjustment may be necessary to obtain the desired therapeutic effect. Omeprazole is a CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 substrate. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong inducer of CYP3A; in vitro data suggests is also has the potential to induce CYP2C19.
Aspirin, ASA; Oxycodone: (Moderate) Consider a reduced dose of oxycodone with frequent monitoring for respiratory depression and sedation if concurrent use of ivacaftor is necessary. If ivacaftor is discontinued, consider increasing the oxycodone dose until stable drug effects are achieved and monitor for evidence of opioid withdrawal. Oxycodone is a CYP3A4 substrate, and coadministration with a weak inhibitor like ivacaftor can increase oxycodone exposure resulting in increased or prolonged opioid effects including fatal respiratory depression, particularly when an inhibitor is added to a stable dose of oxycodone. If ivacaftor is discontinued, oxycodone plasma concentrations will decrease resulting in reduced efficacy of the opioid and potential withdrawal syndrome in a patient who has developed physical dependence to oxycodone. (Moderate) Monitor for reduced efficacy of oxycodone and signs of opioid withdrawal if coadministration with lumacaftor; ivacaftor is necessary; consider increasing the dose of oxycodone as needed. If lumacaftor; ivacaftor is discontinued, consider a dose reduction of oxycodone and frequently monitor for signs of respiratory depression and sedation. Oxycodone is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Concomitant use with CYP3A4 inducers can decrease oxycodone concentrations; this may result in decreased efficacy or onset of a withdrawal syndrome in patients who have developed physical dependence.
Atazanavir: (Major) If atazanavir and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to twice weekly. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and atazanavir is a strong CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 8.5-fold. (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor is expected to decrease the therapeutic efficacy of atazanavir; avoid concurrent use. If concomitant use cannot be avoided, consider limiting concurrent use to regimens in which atazanavir is boosted with ritonavir and monitor antiretroviral efficacy carefully. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage adjustment is not required when atazanavir is started in a patient already taking lumacaftor; ivacaftor. However, if lumacaftor; ivacaftor is initiated in a patient already taking atazanavir, reduce the dose of lumacaftor; ivacaftor to 1 tablet PO daily or 1 packet of oral granules every other day for the first week of treatment, and then increase to the usual recommended daily dose. This dosage adjustment is also necessary if lumacaftor; ivacaftor therapy has been interrupted for more than 1 week and re-initiated while the patient is taking atazanavir. The 1-week lead-in period at the lower lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage allows for lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A to reach steady state. Atazanavir is a substrate and strong inhibitor of CYP3A. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A may decrease the systemic exposure of atazanavir and decrease its therapeutic efficacy. Although atazanavir is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, net ivacaftor exposure at steady state is not expected to exceed that achieved with ivacaftor monotherapy (i.e., 150 mg PO every 12 hours) because of lumacaftor's CYP3A induction. In pharmacokinetic studies, coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with another strong CYP3A4 inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 4.3-fold.
Atazanavir; Cobicistat: (Major) If atazanavir and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to twice weekly. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and atazanavir is a strong CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 8.5-fold. (Major) If cobicistat and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to twice weekly. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and cobicistat is a strong CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 8.5-fold. (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor is expected to decrease the therapeutic efficacy of atazanavir; avoid concurrent use. If concomitant use cannot be avoided, consider limiting concurrent use to regimens in which atazanavir is boosted with ritonavir and monitor antiretroviral efficacy carefully. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage adjustment is not required when atazanavir is started in a patient already taking lumacaftor; ivacaftor. However, if lumacaftor; ivacaftor is initiated in a patient already taking atazanavir, reduce the dose of lumacaftor; ivacaftor to 1 tablet PO daily or 1 packet of oral granules every other day for the first week of treatment, and then increase to the usual recommended daily dose. This dosage adjustment is also necessary if lumacaftor; ivacaftor therapy has been interrupted for more than 1 week and re-initiated while the patient is taking atazanavir. The 1-week lead-in period at the lower lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage allows for lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A to reach steady state. Atazanavir is a substrate and strong inhibitor of CYP3A. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A may decrease the systemic exposure of atazanavir and decrease its therapeutic efficacy. Although atazanavir is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, net ivacaftor exposure at steady state is not expected to exceed that achieved with ivacaftor monotherapy (i.e., 150 mg PO every 12 hours) because of lumacaftor's CYP3A induction. In pharmacokinetic studies, coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with another strong CYP3A4 inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 4.3-fold. (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the therapeutic efficacy of cobicistat; avoid concurrent use if possible. If concomitant use of cobicistat is necessary, monitor antiretroviral efficacy, consider the use of therapeutic drug monitoring, and adjust drug dosages as necessary. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage adjustment is not required when cobicistat is started in a patient already taking lumacaftor; ivacaftor. However, if lumacaftor; ivacaftor is initiated in a patient already taking cobicistat, reduce the dose of lumacaftor; ivacaftor to 1 tablet PO daily or 1 packet of oral granules every other day for the first week of treatment, and then increase to the usual recommended daily dose. This dosage adjustment is also necessary if lumacaftor; ivacaftor therapy has been interrupted for more than 1 week and re-initiated while the patient is taking cobicistat. The 1-week lead-in period at the lower lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage allows for lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A to reach steady state. Cobicistat is a substrate and strong inhibitor of CYP3A. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A may decrease the systemic exposure of cobicistat and decrease its therapeutic efficacy. Although cobicistat is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, net ivacaftor exposure at steady state is not expected to exceed that achieved with ivacaftor monotherapy (i.e., 150 mg PO every 12 hours) because of lumacaftor's CYP3A induction. In pharmacokinetic studies, coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with another strong CYP3A4 inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 4.3-fold.
Atogepant: (Major) Avoid use of atogepant and lumacaftor; ivacaftor when atogepant is used for chronic migraine. Use an atogepant dose of 30 or 60 mg PO once daily for episodic migraine if coadministered with lumacaftor; ivacaftor. Concurrent use may decrease atogepant exposure and reduce efficacy. Atogepant is a CYP3A substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Coadministration with a strong CYP3A inducer resulted in a 60% reduction in atogepant overall exposure and a 30% reduction in atogepant peak concentration.
Atorvastatin: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter the systemic exposure of atorvastatin; if used together, monitor serum lipid concentrations. Atorvastatin is a substrate of CYP3A4 and the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) drug transporter. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data suggests lumacaftor; ivacaftor may also induce and/or inhibit P-gp. While the induction of atorvastatin through the CYP3A pathway may lead to decreased plasma concentrations of atorvastatin, the net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on P-gp transport is not clear.
Atorvastatin; Ezetimibe: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter the systemic exposure of atorvastatin; if used together, monitor serum lipid concentrations. Atorvastatin is a substrate of CYP3A4 and the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) drug transporter. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data suggests lumacaftor; ivacaftor may also induce and/or inhibit P-gp. While the induction of atorvastatin through the CYP3A pathway may lead to decreased plasma concentrations of atorvastatin, the net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on P-gp transport is not clear.
Avacopan: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of avacopan and combination lumacaftor; ivacaftor due to the risk of decreased avacopan exposure which may reduce its efficacy. Avacopan is a CYP3A substrate and combination lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Concomitant use of another strong CYP3A inducer decreased avacopan overall exposure by 93%.
Avanafil: (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of avanafil by decreasing its systemic exposure; concomitant use is not recommended. Avanafil is a primary substrate of CYP3A4. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Avapritinib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of avapritinib with lumacaftor; ivacaftor due to the risk of decreased avapritinib efficacy. Avapritinib is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased the AUC and Cmax of avapritinib by 92% and 74%, respectively.
Axitinib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of axitinib with lumacaftor; ivacaftor due to the risk of decreased efficacy of axitinib. Selection of a concomitant medication with no or minimal CYP3A4 induction potential is recommended. Axitinib is a CYP3A4/5 substrate and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4/5 inducer significantly decreased the plasma exposure of axitinib in healthy volunteers.
Bedaquiline: (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of bedaquiline by decreasing its systemic exposure; avoid concomitant use. Bedaquiline is a primary substrate of CYP3A4. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Belumosudil: (Major) Increase the dosage of belumosudil to 200 mg PO twice daily when coadministered with lumacaftor; ivacaftor. Belumosudil is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; concomitant use may result in decreased belumosudil exposure and reduced belumosudil efficacy. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inducer decreased belumosudil exposure by 72% in healthy subjects.
Benzhydrocodone; Acetaminophen: (Moderate) Concurrent use of benzhydrocodone with ivacaftor may increase the risk of increased opioid-related adverse reactions, such as fatal respiratory depression. Consider a dose reduction of benzhydrocodone until stable drug effects are achieved. Monitor patients for respiratory depression and sedation at frequent intervals. Discontinuation of ivacaftor in a patient taking benzhydrocodone may decrease hydrocodone plasma concentrations, decrease opioid efficacy, and potentially lead to a withdrawal syndrome in those with physical dependence to opioid agonists. If ivacaftor is discontinued, monitor the patient carefully and consider increasing the opioid dosage if appropriate. Benzhydrocodone is a prodrug for hydrocodone. Hydrocodone is a substrate for CYP3A4. Ivacaftor is a weak inhibitor of CYP3A4. (Moderate) Concurrent use of benzhydrocodone with lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease hydrocodone plasma concentrations, decrease opioid efficacy, and potentially lead to a withdrawal syndrome in those with physical dependence to opioid agonists. If concomitant use is necessary, consider increasing the benzhydrocodone dosage until stable drug effects are achieved. Monitor for signs of opioid withdrawal. Discontinuation of lumacaftor; ivacaftor may increase the risk of increased opioid-related adverse reactions, such as fatal respiratory depression. If lumacaftor; ivacaftor is discontinued, consider a benzhydrocodone dosage reduction and monitor patients for respiratory depression and sedation at frequent intervals. Benzhydrocodone is a prodrug of hydrocodone. Lumacaftor is a strong inducer of CYP3A4, an isoenzyme partially responsible for the metabolism of hydrocodone.
Berotralstat: (Major) Avoid concurrent use of berotralstat and lumacaftor. Concurrent use may produce unpredictable effects including an increase in berotralstat-related adverse effects or reduced berotralstat efficacy. If concurrent use is necessary, consider dose adjustments of berotralstat and increase monitoring. Berotralstat is a P-gp substrate and lumacaftor is both a P-gp inducer and inhibitor. (Major) Reduce the berotralstat dose to 110 mg PO once daily in patients chronically taking ivacaftor. Additionally, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to once daily. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Concurrent use may increase the exposure of both drugs and the risk of adverse effects. Berotralstat is a P-gp substrate and moderate CYP3A inhibitor; ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and P-gp inhibitor. Coadministration with another P-gp inhibitor increased berotralstat exposure by 69% while coadministration with another moderate CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 3-fold.
Betrixaban: (Major) Avoid betrixaban use in patients with severe renal impairment receiving ivacaftor. Reduce betrixaban dosage to 80 mg PO once followed by 40 mg PO once daily in all other patients receiving ivacaftor. Bleeding risk may be increased; monitor patients closely for signs and symptoms of bleeding. Betrixaban is a substrate of P-gp; ivacaftor inhibits P-gp. (Major) Coadministration of betrixaban and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter betrixaban exposure resulting in increased or decreased plasma concentrations of betrixaban that may alter its intended therapeutic effect. Betrixaban is a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate, ivacaftor is a weak P-gp inhibitor, and lumacaftor is both a P-gp inhibitor and P-gp inducer.
Bexarotene: (Moderate) Use caution when administering ivacaftor and bexarotene concurrently; the clinical impact of this interaction has not yet been determined. Administration of ivacaftor with strong CYP3A inducers is not recommended because sub-therapeutic ivacaftor exposure could result. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and bexarotene is a moderate CYP3A inducer. Co-administration with a strong CYP3A inducer decreased the ivacaftor exposure by approximately 9-fold.
Bortezomib: (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of bortezomib by decreasing its systemic exposure; avoid concurrent use. Bortezomib is primarily metabolized by CYP3A4 and is also a substrate of CYP2C19. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data also suggest that lumacaftor may induce CYP2C19. Drug interaction studies suggest coadministration of bortezomib and rifampin, another strong CYP3A inducer, reduces bortezomib exposure by at least 45%.
Bosutinib: (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of bosutinib by significantly decreasing its systemic exposure; avoid concomitant use. Bosutinib is a primary substrate of CYP3A4. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. In a cross-over trial in 24 healthy volunteers, the Cmax and AUC values of bosutinib were decreased by 86% and 94%, respectively, after a single oral dose of bosutinib 500 mg administered after 6 days of another CYP3A inducer (oral rifampin 600 mg/day).
Brexpiprazole: (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of brexpiprazole by significantly decreasing its systemic exposure; if used together, gradually double the usual brexpiprazole dose over 1 to 2 weeks. If lumacaftor; ivacaftor is subsequently discontinued, reduce the brexpiprazole dose back to the original dose over 1 to 2 weeks. Brexpiprazole is a primary substrate of CYP3A4 (and CYP2D6). Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Brigatinib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of brigatinib with lumacaftor; ivacaftor due to decreased plasma exposure to brigatinib which may result in decreased efficacy. Brigatinib is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inducer decreased the AUC and Cmax of brigatinib by 80% and 60%, respectively.
Bromocriptine: (Moderate) Caution and close monitoring are advised if bromocriptine and lumacaftor; ivacaftor are used together. Concurrent use may decrease the plasma concentrations of bromocriptine resulting in loss of efficacy. Bromocriptine is extensively metabolized by the liver via CYP3A; lumacaftor is a strong inducer of CYP3A.
Budesonide: (Moderate) Concomitant use of budesonide and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter the therapeutic effects of budesonide; caution and close monitoring are advised if these drugs are used together. Budesonide is a primary substrate of CYP3A4 and a substrate of the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux transporter. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data also suggest lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce and/or inhibit P-gp. Although induction of budesonide through the CYP3A pathway may lead to decreased drug efficacy, the net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on P-gp transport is not clear. Monitor the patient for decreased corticosteroid efficacy or increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events. (Moderate) Use caution when administering ivacaftor and budesonide concurrently. Ivacaftor is an inhibitor of CYP3A and P-glycoprotein (Pgp). Co-administration of ivacaftor with CYP3A and Pgp substrates, such as budesonide, can increase budesonide exposure leading to increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events.
Budesonide; Formoterol: (Moderate) Concomitant use of budesonide and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter the therapeutic effects of budesonide; caution and close monitoring are advised if these drugs are used together. Budesonide is a primary substrate of CYP3A4 and a substrate of the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux transporter. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data also suggest lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce and/or inhibit P-gp. Although induction of budesonide through the CYP3A pathway may lead to decreased drug efficacy, the net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on P-gp transport is not clear. Monitor the patient for decreased corticosteroid efficacy or increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events. (Moderate) Use caution when administering ivacaftor and budesonide concurrently. Ivacaftor is an inhibitor of CYP3A and P-glycoprotein (Pgp). Co-administration of ivacaftor with CYP3A and Pgp substrates, such as budesonide, can increase budesonide exposure leading to increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events.
Budesonide; Glycopyrrolate; Formoterol: (Moderate) Concomitant use of budesonide and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter the therapeutic effects of budesonide; caution and close monitoring are advised if these drugs are used together. Budesonide is a primary substrate of CYP3A4 and a substrate of the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux transporter. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data also suggest lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce and/or inhibit P-gp. Although induction of budesonide through the CYP3A pathway may lead to decreased drug efficacy, the net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on P-gp transport is not clear. Monitor the patient for decreased corticosteroid efficacy or increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events. (Moderate) Use caution when administering ivacaftor and budesonide concurrently. Ivacaftor is an inhibitor of CYP3A and P-glycoprotein (Pgp). Co-administration of ivacaftor with CYP3A and Pgp substrates, such as budesonide, can increase budesonide exposure leading to increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events.
Bupivacaine; Meloxicam: (Moderate) Consider a meloxicam dose reduction and monitor for adverse reactions if coadministration with ivacaftor is necessary. Concurrent use may increase meloxicam exposure. Meloxicam is a CYP2C9 substrate and ivacaftor is a weak CYP2C9 inhibitor. (Minor) Concomitant use of meloxicam and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter meloxicam exposure; caution and close monitoring are advised if these drugs are used together. Meloxicam is primarily metabolized by CYP2C9 and is also a substrate of CYP3A4. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data also suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce and/or inhibit CYP2C9. Although induction of meloxicam through the secondary CYP3A pathway may lead to minor decreases in drug efficacy, the net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on CYP2C9-mediated metabolism is not clear. Monitor the patient for decreased meloxicam efficacy or increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events.
Buprenorphine: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of buprenorphine by decreasing its systemic exposure; use together with caution and consider buprenorphine dosage adjustment if necessary. Buprenorphine is a primary substrate of CYP3A4. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. (Moderate) Use caution when administering ivacaftor and buprenorphine concurrently. Ivacaftor is an inhibitor of CYP3A. Co-administration of ivacaftor with CYP3A substrates, such as buprenorphine, can increase buprenorphine exposure leading to increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events.
Buprenorphine; Naloxone: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of buprenorphine by decreasing its systemic exposure; use together with caution and consider buprenorphine dosage adjustment if necessary. Buprenorphine is a primary substrate of CYP3A4. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. (Moderate) Use caution when administering ivacaftor and buprenorphine concurrently. Ivacaftor is an inhibitor of CYP3A. Co-administration of ivacaftor with CYP3A substrates, such as buprenorphine, can increase buprenorphine exposure leading to increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events.
Bupropion: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of bupropion by decreasing its systemic exposure. If used together, monitor patients closely for loss of bupropion efficacy; a bupropion dosage adjustment may be required to obtain the desired therapeutic effect. Do not exceed the maximum recommended dose. Bupropion is a substrate of CYP2B6; in vitro data suggest that lumacaftor may induce this enzyme.
Bupropion; Naltrexone: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of bupropion by decreasing its systemic exposure. If used together, monitor patients closely for loss of bupropion efficacy; a bupropion dosage adjustment may be required to obtain the desired therapeutic effect. Do not exceed the maximum recommended dose. Bupropion is a substrate of CYP2B6; in vitro data suggest that lumacaftor may induce this enzyme.
Buspirone: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of buspirone by decreasing its systemic exposure. A buspirone dosage adjustment may be necessary to maintain anxiolytic activity. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Buspirone has been shown in vitro to be metabolized via CYP3A4; this finding is consistent with in vivo interactions observed. When coadministered with rifampin, another strong CYP3A inducer, buspirone Cmax and AUC decreased by 84% and 90%, respectively.
Butalbital; Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Codeine: (Moderate) Concomitant use of codeine with lumacaftor; ivacaftor can decrease codeine levels, resulting in less metabolism by CYP2D6 and decreased morphine concentrations; this may result in decreased efficacy or onset of a withdrawal syndrome in patients who have developed physical dependence. It is recommended to avoid this combination when codeine is being used for cough. If coadministration is necessary, monitor for reduced efficacy of codeine and signs of opioid withdrawal; consider increasing the dose of codeine as needed. If lumacaftor; ivacaftor is discontinued, consider a dose reduction of codeine and frequently monitor for signs or respiratory depression and sedation. Codeine is primarily metabolized by CYP2D6 to morphine, and by CYP3A4 to norcodeine; norcodeine does not have analgesic properties. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer.
Butalbital; Aspirin; Caffeine; Codeine: (Moderate) Concomitant use of codeine with lumacaftor; ivacaftor can decrease codeine levels, resulting in less metabolism by CYP2D6 and decreased morphine concentrations; this may result in decreased efficacy or onset of a withdrawal syndrome in patients who have developed physical dependence. It is recommended to avoid this combination when codeine is being used for cough. If coadministration is necessary, monitor for reduced efficacy of codeine and signs of opioid withdrawal; consider increasing the dose of codeine as needed. If lumacaftor; ivacaftor is discontinued, consider a dose reduction of codeine and frequently monitor for signs or respiratory depression and sedation. Codeine is primarily metabolized by CYP2D6 to morphine, and by CYP3A4 to norcodeine; norcodeine does not have analgesic properties. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer.
Cabotegravir; Rilpivirine: (Contraindicated) Concomitant use of lumacaftor; ivacaftor and rilpivirine is contraindicated, as significant decreases in rilpivirine plasma concentrations may occur. This may result in loss of virologic response and possible resistance to rilpivirine or to the class of NNRTIs. Rilpivirine is primarily metabolize by CYP3A, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Cabozantinib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of cabozantinib with lumacaftor; ivacaftor due to the risk of decreased cabozantinib exposure which could affect efficacy. If concomitant use is unavoidable, increase the dose of cabozantinib. For patients taking cabozantinib tablets, increase the dose of cabozantinib by 20 mg (e.g., 60 mg/day to 80 mg/day; 40 mg/day to 60 mg/day); the daily dose should not exceed 80 mg. For patients taking cabozantinib capsules, increase the dose of cabozantinib by 40 mg (e.g., 140 mg/day to 180 mg/day or 100 mg/day to 140 mg/day); the daily dose should not exceed 180 mg. Resume the cabozantinib dose that was used prior to initiating treatment with lumacaftor; ivacaftor 2 to 3 days after discontinuation of lumacaftor; ivacaftor. Cabozantinib is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased single-dose cabozantinib exposure by 77%.
Candesartan: (Minor) Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with CYP2C9 substrates, such as candesartan. In vitro studies showed ivacaftor to be a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9. Co-administration may lead to increased exposure to CYP2C9 substrates; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined.
Candesartan; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Minor) Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with CYP2C9 substrates, such as candesartan. In vitro studies showed ivacaftor to be a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9. Co-administration may lead to increased exposure to CYP2C9 substrates; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined.
Capmatinib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of capmatinib and lumacaftor; ivacaftor due to the risk of decreased capmatinib exposure, which may reduce its efficacy. Capmatinib is a CYP3A substrate and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased capmatinib exposure by 67%.
Carbamazepine: (Major) Coadministration of ivacaftor with carbamazepine is not recommended due to decreased plasma concentrations of ivacaftor. Ivacaftor is a sensitive CYP3A4 substrate and carbamazepine is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer significantly decreased ivacaftor exposure by approximately 9-fold. (Major) Concomitant use of carbamazepine and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is not recommended. Carbamazepine may decrease the therapeutic effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor by significantly decreasing the systemic exposure of ivacaftor. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may also decrease the therapeutic effect of carbamazepine. Carbamazepine is a substrate and potent inducer of CYP3A. Ivacaftor is a substrate of CYP3A and lumacaftor is a potent inducer of CYP3A. Although the enzyme induction effects of lumacaftor are already accounted for in fixed-combination dosing, ivacaftor exposure is further decreased when given together with other CYP3A inducers. In pharmacokinetic studies, coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with rifampin, another potent CYP3A inducer, decreased ivacaftor exposure by 57%, with minimal effect on the exposure of lumacaftor.
Carisoprodol: (Minor) Carisoprodol is extensively metabolized and is a significant substrate of CYP2C19 isoenzymes. The formation of meprobamate (active metabolite of carisoprodol) is catalyzed by CYP2C19. In vitro data suggest that lumacaftor may induce CYP2C19. If these drugs are coadministered, the potential exists for increased metabolism of carisoprodol. Theoretically, carisoprodol plasma concentrations could be decreased, and mepro

bamate (active metabolite) plasma concentrations could be increased. The full pharmacological impact of these potential alterations of exposures in terms of either efficacy or safety of carisoprodol is unknown.
Carvedilol: (Moderate) Concomitant use of carvedilol and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter the therapeutic effects of carvedilol; monitor blood pressure closely until the effects of using these drugs together are known. Carvedilol is partially metabolized by CYP3A4, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19, and is a substrate of the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) drug transporter. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data also suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce CYP2C19, and induce and/or inhibit CYP2C9 and P-gp. Although induction of carvedilol through the CYP3A and CYP2C19 pathways may lead to decreased drug efficacy, the net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on CYP2C9-mediated metabolism and P-gp transport is not clear. (Moderate) Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with CYP2C9 substrates, such as carvedilol. Ivacaftor is an inhibitor of CYP3A, P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9; carvedilol is partially metabolized by CYP3A, CYP2C9 and is a substrate of Pgp. Co-administration of ivacaftor with CYP3A, CYP2C9, and Pgp substrates,such as carvedilol, can theoretically increase carvedilol exposure leading to increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined.
Celecoxib: (Minor) Although the clinical significance of this interaction is unknown, concurrent use of celecoxib and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter celecoxib exposure; caution and close monitoring are advised if these drugs are used together. Celecoxib is a substrate of CYP2C9; in vitro data suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce and/or inhibit CYP2C9. The net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on CYP2C9-mediated metabolism is not clear, but CYP2C9 substrate exposure may be affected. (Minor) Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with CYP2C9 substrates, such as celecoxib. In vitro studies showed ivacaftor to be a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9. Co-administration may lead to increased exposure to CYP2C9 substrates; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined.
Celecoxib; Tramadol: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the analgesic effect of tramadol by decreasing its systemic exposure. If used together, monitor patients closely for loss of tramadol efficacy; a tramadol dosage adjustment may be required to obtain the desired therapeutic effect. Do not exceed the maximum recommended dose. Tramadol preferentially undergoes N-demethylation, which is mediated by CYP3A4 and CYP2B6. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data also suggest that lumacaftor may induce CYP2B6. (Minor) Although the clinical significance of this interaction is unknown, concurrent use of celecoxib and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter celecoxib exposure; caution and close monitoring are advised if these drugs are used together. Celecoxib is a substrate of CYP2C9; in vitro data suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce and/or inhibit CYP2C9. The net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on CYP2C9-mediated metabolism is not clear, but CYP2C9 substrate exposure may be affected. (Minor) Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with CYP2C9 substrates, such as celecoxib. In vitro studies showed ivacaftor to be a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9. Co-administration may lead to increased exposure to CYP2C9 substrates; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined. (Minor) Use caution when administering ivacaftor and tramadol concurrently. Ivacaftor is an inhibitor of CYP3A and tramadol is partially metabolized by CYP3A. Co-administration can theoretically increase tramadol exposure leading to increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined.
Ceritinib: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of ceritinib with lumacaftor; ivacaftor as ceritinib exposure may be decreased, which may reduce its efficacy; ivacaftor exposure may also increase. Ceritinib is a CYP3A substrate and a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer and ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate. Coadministration with a strong CYP3A inducer decreased ceritinib exposure by 70%. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 8.5-fold. (Major) If ceritinib and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to twice weekly. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and ceritinib is a strong CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 8.5-fold.
Chloramphenicol: (Major) If chloramphenicol and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to twice weekly. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and chloramphenicol is a strong CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 8.5-fold. (Major) Use caution with the concomitant use of lumacaftor; ivacaftor and chloramphenicol as the exposure of ivacaftor may be increased. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage adjustment is not required when chloramphenicol is started in a patient already taking lumacaftor; ivacaftor. However, if lumacaftor; ivacaftor is initiated in a patient already taking chloramphenicol, reduce the dosage of lumacaftor; ivacaftor to 1 tablet PO daily or 1 packet of oral granules every other day for the first week of treatment, and then increase to the usual recommended daily dose. This dosage adjustment is also necessary if lumacaftor; ivacaftor therapy has been interrupted for more than 1 week and re-initiated while the patient is taking chloramphenicol. The 1-week lead-in period at the lower lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage allows for lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A to reach steady state. Chloramphenicol is a strong inhibitor of CYP3A. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Although chloramphenicol is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, net ivacaftor exposure at steady state is not expected to exceed that achieved with ivacaftor monotherapy (i.e., 150 mg PO every 12 hours) because of lumacaftor's CYP3A induction. In pharmacokinetic studies, coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with another strong CYP3A4 inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 4.3-fold.
Chlordiazepoxide: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of chlordiazepoxide by decreasing its systemic exposure; a dosage increase of chlordiazepoxide may be necessary during co-administration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor. Do not exceed the maximum recommended dose. Chlordiazepoxide is a CYP3A4 substrate. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Chlordiazepoxide; Amitriptyline: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of amitriptyline by decreasing its systemic exposure. If used together, monitor patients closely for amitriptyline efficacy; an amitriptyline dosage adjustment may be required to obtain the desired therapeutic effect. Do not exceed recommended maximum doses. Amitriptyline is primarily metabolized by CYP2C19 (and CYP2D6) and is also a substrate of CYP3A4 and CYP2C9. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data also suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce CYP2C19 and induce and/or inhibit CYP2C9. (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of chlordiazepoxide by decreasing its systemic exposure; a dosage increase of chlordiazepoxide may be necessary during co-administration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor. Do not exceed the maximum recommended dose. Chlordiazepoxide is a CYP3A4 substrate. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Chlordiazepoxide; Clidinium: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of chlordiazepoxide by decreasing its systemic exposure; a dosage increase of chlordiazepoxide may be necessary during co-administration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor. Do not exceed the maximum recommended dose. Chlordiazepoxide is a CYP3A4 substrate. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Chlorpheniramine; Codeine: (Moderate) Concomitant use of codeine with lumacaftor; ivacaftor can decrease codeine levels, resulting in less metabolism by CYP2D6 and decreased morphine concentrations; this may result in decreased efficacy or onset of a withdrawal syndrome in patients who have developed physical dependence. It is recommended to avoid this combination when codeine is being used for cough. If coadministration is necessary, monitor for reduced efficacy of codeine and signs of opioid withdrawal; consider increasing the dose of codeine as needed. If lumacaftor; ivacaftor is discontinued, consider a dose reduction of codeine and frequently monitor for signs or respiratory depression and sedation. Codeine is primarily metabolized by CYP2D6 to morphine, and by CYP3A4 to norcodeine; norcodeine does not have analgesic properties. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer.
Chlorpheniramine; Dihydrocodeine; Phenylephrine: (Moderate) Concomitant use of dihydrocodeine with ivacaftor may increase dihydrocodeine plasma concentrations, resulting in greater metabolism by CYP2D6, increased dihydromorphine concentrations, and prolonged opioid adverse reactions, including hypotension, respiratory depression, profound sedation, coma, and death. If coadministration is necessary, monitor patients closely at frequent intervals and consider a dosage reduction of dihydrocodeine until stable drug effects are achieved. Discontinuation of ivacaftor could decrease dihydrocodeine plasma concentrations, decrease opioid efficacy, and potentially lead to a withdrawal syndrome in those with physical dependence to dihydrocodeine. If ivacaftor is discontinued, monitor the patient carefully and consider increasing the opioid dosage if appropriate. Ivacaftor is a weak inhibitor of CYP3A4, an isoenzyme partially responsible for the metabolism of dihydrocodeine. (Moderate) Concomitant use of dihydrocodeine with lumacaftor; ivacaftor can decrease dihydrocodeine levels, resulting in less metabolism by CYP2D6 and decreased dihydromorphine concentrations; this may result in decreased efficacy or onset of a withdrawal syndrome in patients who have developed physical dependence. If coadministration is necessary, monitor for reduced efficacy of dihydrocodeine and signs of opioid withdrawal; consider increasing the dose of dihydrocodeine as needed. If lumacaftor; ivacaftor is discontinued, consider a dose reduction of dihydrocodeine and frequently monitor for signs or respiratory depression and sedation. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong inducer of CYP3A4, an isoenzyme partially responsible for the metabolism of dihydrocodeine.
Chlorpheniramine; Hydrocodone: (Moderate) Concomitant use of hydrocodone with lumacaftor; ivacaftor can decrease hydrocodone levels; this may result in decreased efficacy or onset of a withdrawal syndrome in patients who have developed physical dependence. It is recommended to avoid this combination when hydrocodone is being used for cough. If coadministration is necessary, monitor for reduced efficacy of hydrocodone and signs of opioid withdrawal; consider increasing the dose of hydrocodone as needed. If lumacaftor; ivacaftor is discontinued, consider a dose reduction of hydrocodone and frequently monitor for signs or respiratory depression and sedation. Hydrocodone is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. (Moderate) Consider a reduced dose of hydrocodone with frequent monitoring for respiratory depression and sedation if concurrent use of ivacaftor is necessary. Hydrocodone is a CYP3A4 substrate, and coadministration with CYP3A4 inhibitors like ivacaftor can increase hydrocodone exposure resulting in increased or prolonged opioid effects including fatal respiratory depression, particularly when an inhibitor is added to a stable dose of hydrocodone. These effects could be more pronounced in patients also receiving a CYP2D6 inhibitor. If ivacaftor is discontinued, hydrocodone plasma concentrations will decrease resulting in reduced efficacy of the opioid and potential withdrawal syndrome in a patient who has developed physical dependence to hydrocodone.
Chlorpheniramine; Ibuprofen; Pseudoephedrine: (Minor) Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with CYP2C9 substrates, such as ibuprofen. In vitro studies showed ivacaftor to be a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9. Co-administration may lead to increased exposure to CYP2C9 substrates; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined. (Minor) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter the systemic exposure of ibuprofen. If used together, a dose adjustment of ibuprofen may be required to obtain the desired therapeutic effect and/or avoid adverse effects. Do not exceed the recommended maximum dose. Ibuprofen is a CYP2C9 substrate, and in vitro studies suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor has the potential to induce or inhibit CYP2C9.
Chlorpropamide: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of chlorpropamide by decreasing its systemic exposure. If used together, monitor blood glucose concentrations closely; a chlorpropamide dosage adjustment may be required to obtain the desired therapeutic effect. Chlorpropamide is a CYP2C9 substrate; in vitro studies suggest lumacaftor; ivacaftor has the potential to induce and inhibit CYP2C9.
Cilostazol: (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of cilostazol by decreasing its systemic exposure; caution and close monitoring are advised if these drugs are used together. Cilostazol is extensively metabolized by CYP3A4 and, to a lesser extent, CYP2C19. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data also suggest lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce CYP2C19.
Ciprofloxacin: (Major) If ciprofloxacin and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to once daily. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and ciprofloxacin is a moderate CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another moderate CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 3-fold.
Cisapride: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of cisapride by decreasing its systemic exposure; use together with caution and consider cisapride dosage adjustment if necessary. Do not exceed recommended dosages. Cisapride is a CYP3A4 substrate. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Citalopram: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of citalopram by decreasing its systemic exposure. If used together, a higher dose of citalopram may be required to obtain the desired therapeutic effect. Do not exceed the recommended maximum dose. Citalopram is a CYP3A and CYP2C19 substrate. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong inducer of CYP3A and has the potential to induce CYP2C19.
Clarithromycin: (Major) Avoid coadministration if possible; lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the therapeutic efficacy of clarithromycin. If concomitant use is necessary, monitor microbiological activity and adjust drug dosages as necessary. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage adjustment is not required when clarithromycin is started in a patient already taking lumacaftor; ivacaftor. However, if lumacaftor; ivacaftor is initiated in a patient already taking clarithromycin, reduce the dose of lumacaftor; ivacaftor to 1 tablet PO daily or 1 packet of oral granules every other day for the first week of treatment, and then increase to the usual recommended daily dose. This dosage adjustment is also necessary if lumacaftor; ivacaftor therapy has been interrupted for more than 1 week and re-initiated while the patient is taking clarithromycin. Clarithromycin is a substrate and strong inhibitor of CYP3A. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Increasing the metabolism of clarithromycin decreases plasma concentrations of clarithromycin, but increases plasma concentrations of 14-OH-clarithromycin (active metabolite); the microbiological activity of each is different for different bacteria. In addition, the inhibitory effects of clarithromycin may increase the systemic exposure of ivacaftor. In pharmacokinetic studies, coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with another strong CYP3A inhibitor, increased ivacaftor exposure by 4.3-fold. However, because lumacaftor is a strong inducer of CYP3A, the net exposure of ivacaftor at steady state is not expected to exceed that achieved with ivacaftor monotherapy (i.e., 150 mg PO every 12 hours). (Major) If clarithromycin and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to twice weekly. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and clarithromycin is a strong CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 8.5-fold.
Clindamycin: (Moderate) Monitor for loss of clindamycin efficacy with coadministration of lumacaftor as concurrent use may decrease clindamycin exposure. Clindamycin is a CYP3A4 substrate; lumacaftor is a strong inducer of CYP3A4.
Clobazam: (Moderate) Although the clinical significance of this interaction is unknown, lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of clobazam by decreasing its systemic exposure; a dosage increase of clobazam may be necessary during co-administration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor. Do not exceed the maximum recommended dose. Metabolism of N-desmethylclobazam, the active metabolite of clobazam, occurs primarily through CYP2C19 and in vitro data suggest that lumacaftor may induce CYP2C19. Clobazam and its active metabolite are also substrates of the drug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and in vitro data suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor may inhibit and/or induce P-gp. The net effect on P-gp substrates is not clear, but their exposure may be affected leading to decreased efficacy or increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events.
Clomipramine: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of clomipramine by decreasing its systemic exposure. If used together, monitor patients closely for clomipramine efficacy; a clomipramine dosage adjustment may be required to obtain the desired therapeutic effect. Do not exceed the recommended maximum dosage. Clomipramine is primarily metabolized by CYP3A4 (and CYP2D6) and is also a substrate of CYP2C19. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data also suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor may also induce CYP2C19.
Clonazepam: (Moderate) Lumacaftor may induce the metabolism of clonazepam thereby decreasing the systemic exposure and therapeutic effect. Clonazepam concentration decreases of approximately 38% have been reported when clonazepam is used with strong CYP3A4 inducers. Clonazepam is a CYP3A4 substrate. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer.
Clorazepate: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of clorazepate by decreasing the systemic exposure of its active metabolite. If used together, monitor patients closely for clorazepate efficacy; a clorazepate dosage adjustment may be required to obtain the desired therapeutic effect. Clorazepate is a prodrug converted to N-desmethyldiazepam in the GI tract; N-desmethyldiazepam is metabolized by CYP3A4 and CYP2C19. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data also suggest that lumacaftor may induce CYP2C19.
Clozapine: (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of clozapine by decreasing its systemic exposure; concomitant use is not recommended. If coadministration cannot be avoided, monitor for a lack of antipsychotic efficacy and consider increasing the clozapine dosage if necessary. Upon discontinuation of lumacaftor; ivacaftor, reduce the clozapine dosage based on clinical response. Clozapine is primarily metabolized by CYP3A4, CYP1A2, and CYP2D6. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. (Moderate) Use caution when administering ivacaftor and clozapine concurrently. Ivacaftor is an inhibitor of CYP3A and clozapine is partially metabolized by CYP3A. Treatment with clozapine has been associated with QT prolongation, torsade de pointes (TdP), cardiac arrest, and sudden death. Elevated plasma concentrations of clozapine occurring through CYP inhibition may potentially increase the risk of life-threatening arrhythmias, sedation, anticholinergic effects, seizures, orthostasis, or other adverse effects. According to the manufacturer, patients receiving clozapine in combination with an inhibitor of CYP3A4 should be monitored for adverse reactions. Consideration should be given to reducing the clozapine dose if necessary. If the inhibitor is discontinued after dose adjustments are made, monitor for lack of clozapine effectiveness and consider increasing the clozapine dose if necessary.
Cobicistat: (Major) If cobicistat and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to twice weekly. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and cobicistat is a strong CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 8.5-fold. (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the therapeutic efficacy of cobicistat; avoid concurrent use if possible. If concomitant use of cobicistat is necessary, monitor antiretroviral efficacy, consider the use of therapeutic drug monitoring, and adjust drug dosages as necessary. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage adjustment is not required when cobicistat is started in a patient already taking lumacaftor; ivacaftor. However, if lumacaftor; ivacaftor is initiated in a patient already taking cobicistat, reduce the dose of lumacaftor; ivacaftor to 1 tablet PO daily or 1 packet of oral granules every other day for the first week of treatment, and then increase to the usual recommended daily dose. This dosage adjustment is also necessary if lumacaftor; ivacaftor therapy has been interrupted for more than 1 week and re-initiated while the patient is taking cobicistat. The 1-week lead-in period at the lower lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage allows for lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A to reach steady state. Cobicistat is a substrate and strong inhibitor of CYP3A. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A may decrease the systemic exposure of cobicistat and decrease its therapeutic efficacy. Although cobicistat is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, net ivacaftor exposure at steady state is not expected to exceed that achieved with ivacaftor monotherapy (i.e., 150 mg PO every 12 hours) because of lumacaftor's CYP3A induction. In pharmacokinetic studies, coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with another strong CYP3A4 inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 4.3-fold.
Codeine: (Moderate) Concomitant use of codeine with lumacaftor; ivacaftor can decrease codeine levels, resulting in less metabolism by CYP2D6 and decreased morphine concentrations; this may result in decreased efficacy or onset of a withdrawal syndrome in patients who have developed physical dependence. It is recommended to avoid this combination when codeine is being used for cough. If coadministration is necessary, monitor for reduced efficacy of codeine and signs of opioid withdrawal; consider increasing the dose of codeine as needed. If lumacaftor; ivacaftor is discontinued, consider a dose reduction of codeine and frequently monitor for signs or respiratory depression and sedation. Codeine is primarily metabolized by CYP2D6 to morphine, and by CYP3A4 to norcodeine; norcodeine does not have analgesic properties. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer.
Codeine; Guaifenesin: (Moderate) Concomitant use of codeine with lumacaftor; ivacaftor can decrease codeine levels, resulting in less metabolism by CYP2D6 and decreased morphine concentrations; this may result in decreased efficacy or onset of a withdrawal syndrome in patients who have developed physical dependence. It is recommended to avoid this combination when codeine is being used for cough. If coadministration is necessary, monitor for reduced efficacy of codeine and signs of opioid withdrawal; consider increasing the dose of codeine as needed. If lumacaftor; ivacaftor is discontinued, consider a dose reduction of codeine and frequently monitor for signs or respiratory depression and sedation. Codeine is primarily metabolized by CYP2D6 to morphine, and by CYP3A4 to norcodeine; norcodeine does not have analgesic properties. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer.
Codeine; Guaifenesin; Pseudoephedrine: (Moderate) Concomitant use of codeine with lumacaftor; ivacaftor can decrease codeine levels, resulting in less metabolism by CYP2D6 and decreased morphine concentrations; this may result in decreased efficacy or onset of a withdrawal syndrome in patients who have developed physical dependence. It is recommended to avoid this combination when codeine is being used for cough. If coadministration is necessary, monitor for reduced efficacy of codeine and signs of opioid withdrawal; consider increasing the dose of codeine as needed. If lumacaftor; ivacaftor is discontinued, consider a dose reduction of codeine and frequently monitor for signs or respiratory depression and sedation. Codeine is primarily metabolized by CYP2D6 to morphine, and by CYP3A4 to norcodeine; norcodeine does not have analgesic properties. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer.
Codeine; Phenylephrine; Promethazine: (Moderate) Concomitant use of codeine with lumacaftor; ivacaftor can decrease codeine levels, resulting in less metabolism by CYP2D6 and decreased morphine concentrations; this may result in decreased efficacy or onset of a withdrawal syndrome in patients who have developed physical dependence. It is recommended to avoid this combination when codeine is being used for cough. If coadministration is necessary, monitor for reduced efficacy of codeine and signs of opioid withdrawal; consider increasing the dose of codeine as needed. If lumacaftor; ivacaftor is discontinued, consider a dose reduction of codeine and frequently monitor for signs or respiratory depression and sedation. Codeine is primarily metabolized by CYP2D6 to morphine, and by CYP3A4 to norcodeine; norcodeine does not have analgesic properties. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer.
Codeine; Promethazine: (Moderate) Concomitant use of codeine with lumacaftor; ivacaftor can decrease codeine levels, resulting in less metabolism by CYP2D6 and decreased morphine concentrations; this may result in decreased efficacy or onset of a withdrawal syndrome in patients who have developed physical dependence. It is recommended to avoid this combination when codeine is being used for cough. If coadministration is necessary, monitor for reduced efficacy of codeine and signs of opioid withdrawal; consider increasing the dose of codeine as needed. If lumacaftor; ivacaftor is discontinued, consider a dose reduction of codeine and frequently monitor for signs or respiratory depression and sedation. Codeine is primarily metabolized by CYP2D6 to morphine, and by CYP3A4 to norcodeine; norcodeine does not have analgesic properties. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer.
Colchicine: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of colchicine and ivacaftor due to the risk for increased colchicine exposure which may increase the risk for adverse effects. Concomitant use is contraindicated in patients with renal or hepatic impairment. Additionally, this combination is contraindicated if colchicine is being used for cardiovascular risk reduction. If concomitant use is necessary outside of these scenarios, consider a colchicine dosage reduction. Specific dosage reduction recommendations are available for colchicine tablets for some indications; it is unclear if these dosage recommendations are appropriate for other products or indications. For colchicine tablets being used for gout prophylaxis, reduce the dose from 0.6 mg twice daily to 0.3 mg once daily or from 0.6 mg once daily to 0.3 mg once every other day. For colchicine tablets being used for gout treatment, reduce the dose from 1.2 mg followed by 0.6 mg to 0.6 mg without an additional dose. For colchicine tablets being used for Familial Mediterranean Fever, the maximum daily dose is 0.6 mg. Colchicine is a P-gp substrate and ivacaftor is a P-gp inhibitor. (Major) Avoid concomitant use of colchicine and lumacaftor due to the risk for increased colchicine exposure which may increase the risk for adverse effects. Concomitant use is contraindicated in patients with renal or hepatic impairment. Additionally, this combination is contraindicated if colchicine is being used for cardiovascular risk reduction. If concomitant use is necessary outside of these scenarios, consider a colchicine dosage reduction. Specific dosage reduction recommendations are available for colchicine tablets for some indications; it is unclear if these dosage recommendations are appropriate for other products or indications. For colchicine tablets being used for gout prophylaxis, reduce the dose from 0.6 mg twice daily to 0.3 mg once daily or from 0.6 mg once daily to 0.3 mg once every other day. For colchicine tablets being used for gout treatment, reduce the dose from 1.2 mg followed by 0.6 mg to 0.6 mg without an additional dose. For colchicine tablets being used for Familial Mediterranean Fever, the maximum daily dose is 0.6 mg. Colchicine is a P-gp substrate and lumacaftor is a P-gp inhibitor.
Conivaptan: (Major) If conivaptan and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to once daily. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and conivaptan is a moderate CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another moderate CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 3-fold.
Conjugated Estrogens; Medroxyprogesterone: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of medroxyprogesterone and lumacaftor; ivacaftor, unless the benefits outweigh the risks. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease medroxyprogesterone, reducing efficacy. When coadministered with lumacaftor; ivacaftor, hormonal contraceptives are not a reliable method of effective contraception; instruct patients on alternative and/or additional methods of birth control. In addition, concomitant use of hormonal contraceptives and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may increase the incidence of menstruation-associated adverse reactions (e.g., amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia). Patients taking medroxyprogesterone for other indications should be monitored for clinical efficacy of the progestin. Medroxyprogesterone is primarily metabolized in vitro via CYP3A4. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Copanlisib: (Major) Avoid the concomitant use of copanlisib and lumacaftor; ivacaftor; decreased copanlisib exposure and loss of efficacy may occur. Copanlisib is a CYP3A substrate; lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. The AUC and Cmax values of copanlisib decreased by 60% and 12%, respectively, when a single IV dose of copanlisib 60 mg was administered following 12 days of another strong CYP3A4 inducer in a drug interaction study in patients with cancer.
Crizotinib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of crizotinib with lumacaftor; ivacaftor due to decreased plasma concentrations of crizotinib, which may result in decreased efficacy. Crizotinib is primarily metabolized by CYP3A and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased the crizotinib AUC and Cmax at steady state by 84% and 79%, respectively. (Major) If crizotinib and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to once daily. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and crizotinib is a moderate CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another moderate CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 3-fold.
Cyclosporine: (Major) Concomitant use of cyclosporine and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is not recommended. If concurrent use cannot be avoided, monitor cyclosporine serum concentrations closely and adjust the dose accordingly. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the systemic exposure of cyclosporine. In return, cyclosporine may increase ivacaftor exposure, although the clinical significance of this interaction is unclear. Cyclosporine is a substrate and moderate inhibitor of CYP3A. Lumacaftor is a strong inducer of CYP3A, and ivacaftor is CYP3A substrate. In addition, the exposure of cyclosporine may be altered via P-glycoprotein (P-gp) transport. Cyclosporine is P-gp substrate; in vitro studies suggest lumacaftor; ivacaftor has the potential to induce and inhibit P-gp. (Major) If cyclosporine and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to once daily. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. More careful monitoring of cyclosporine blood concentrations may be warranted. Coadministration may increase exposure to both drugs leading to increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and cyclosporine is a moderate CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another moderate CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 3-fold. In addition, ivacaftor is an inhibitor of CYP3A and P-gp; cyclosporine is a CYP3A and P-gp substrate.
Dabigatran: (Major) Concomitant use of dabigatran and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter dabigatran exposure; avoid coadministration if possible. Dabigatran is a substrate of the drug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp). In vitro data suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor has the potential to both induce and inhibit P-gp. The net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on P-gp transport is not clear, but substrate exposure may be affected. FDA-approved labeling for dabigatran recommends, in general, to avoid coadministration with P-gp inducers. Concomitant administration of dabigatran and rifampin, another P-gp inducer, resulted in a significant decrease in dabigatran AUC and Cmax. Labeling also recommends to avoid coadministration with P-gp inhibitors in patients with a CrCl less than 50 mL/minute when used for treatment or reduction in risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism or prophylaxis of DVT or PE following hip replacement surgery and in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and severe renal impairment (CrCl less than 30 mL/minute), as serum concentrations of dabigatran are expected to be higher than when administered to patients with normal renal function. (Moderate) Monitor for an increase in dabigatran-related adverse reactions if coadministration with ivacaftor is necessary in patients with creatinine clearance (CrCl) greater than 50 mL/min. Avoid coadministration in patients with CrCl less than 50 mL/min when dabigatran is administered for treatment or reduction in risk of recurrence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE) or prophylaxis of DVT or PE following hip replacement surgery. Avoid coadministration in patients with CrCl less than 30 mL/min in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Serum concentrations of dabigatran are expected to be higher in patients with renal impairment compared to patients with normal renal function. Dabigatran is a P-glycoprotein substrate and ivacaftor is a P-gp inhibitor.
Dabrafenib: (Major) Avoid the concomitant administration of dabrafenib and lumacaftor; ivacaftor. If concomitant use is unavoidable, monitor patients closely for loss of dabrafenib efficacy. Dabrafenib is primarily metabolized by CYP3A4 and CYP2C8. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data also suggest that lumacaftor may induce and/or inhibit CYP2C8.
Danazol: (Major) If danazol and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to once daily. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and danazol is a moderate CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another moderate CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 3-fold.
Dapagliflozin; Saxagliptin: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the systemic exposure of saxagliptin; if used together, monitor blood glucose concentrations closely. Saxagliptin is a substrate of CYP3A (primary). Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Induction of saxagliptin metabolism through the CYP3A pathway may lead to decreased drug efficacy.
Dapsone: (Major) If dapsone and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to once daily. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and dapsone is a moderate CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another moderate CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 3-fold. (Moderate) Monitor for an increase in hemolysis if coadministration of dapsone with lumacaftor; ivacaftor is necessary; dapsone efficacy may also be compromised. Dapsone is a CYP3A4 metabolite and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Strong CYP3A4 inducers may increase the formation of dapsone hydroxylamine, a metabolite associated with hemolysis. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased dapsone levels by 7-fold to 10-fold; in leprosy, this reduction has not required a change in dosage.
Daridorexant: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of daridorexant and lumacaftor; ivacaftor. Coadministration may decrease daridorexant exposure which may reduce its efficacy. Daridorexant is a CYP3A substrate and lumacaftor/ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Concomitant use of another strong CYP3A inducer decreased daridorexant overall exposure by over 50%.
Darifenacin: (Minor) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of darifenacin by decreasing its systemic exposure; if used together, monitor patients for clinical efficacy and increase the darifenacin dosage if needed. Darifenacin is a substrate of CYP3A4. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Darolutamide: (Major) Avoid coadministration of darolutamide with lumacaftor; ivacaftor due to the risk of decreased darolutamide plasma concentrations which may decrease efficacy. Lumacaftor is a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inducer and a strong inducer of CYP3A4; darolutamide is a CYP3A4 substrate. Concomitant use with another combined P-gp and strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased the mean AUC and Cmax of darolutamide by 72% and 52%, respectively.
Darunavir: (Major) If darunavir and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to twice weekly. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and darunavir is a strong CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 8.5-fold. (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the therapeutic efficacy of darunavir; avoid concurrent use if possible. If concomitant use of darunavir is necessary, monitor antiretroviral efficacy, consider the use of therapeutic drug monitoring, and adjust drug dosages as necessary. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage adjustment is not required when darunavir is started in a patient already taking lumacaftor; ivacaftor. However, if lumacaftor; ivacaftor is initiated in a patient already taking darunavir, reduce the dose of lumacaftor; ivacaftor to 1 tablet PO daily or 1 packet of oral granules every other day for the first week of treatment, and then increase to the usual recommended daily dose. This dosage adjustment is also necessary if lumacaftor; ivacaftor therapy has been interrupted for more than 1 week and re-initiated while the patient is taking darunavir. The 1-week lead-in period at the lower lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage allows for lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A to reach steady state. Darunavir is a substrate and strong inhibitor of CYP3A. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A may decrease the systemic exposure of darunavir and decrease its therapeutic efficacy. Although darunavir is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, net ivacaftor exposure at steady state is not expected to exceed that achieved with ivacaftor monotherapy (i.e., 150 mg PO every 12 hours) because of lumacaftor's CYP3A induction. In pharmacokinetic studies, coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with another strong CYP3A4 inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 4.3-fold.
Darunavir; Cobicistat: (Major) If cobicistat and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to twice weekly. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and cobicistat is a strong CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 8.5-fold. (Major) If darunavir and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to twice weekly. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and darunavir is a strong CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 8.5-fold. (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the therapeutic efficacy of cobicistat; avoid concurrent use if possible. If concomitant use of cobicistat is necessary, monitor antiretroviral efficacy, consider the use of therapeutic drug monitoring, and adjust drug dosages as necessary. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage adjustment is not required when cobicistat is started in a patient already taking lumacaftor; ivacaftor. However, if lumacaftor; ivacaftor is initiated in a patient already taking cobicistat, reduce the dose of lumacaftor; ivacaftor to 1 tablet PO daily or 1 packet of oral granules every other day for the first week of treatment, and then increase to the usual recommended daily dose. This dosage adjustment is also necessary if lumacaftor; ivacaftor therapy has been interrupted for more than 1 week and re-initiated while the patient is taking cobicistat. The 1-week lead-in period at the lower lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage allows for lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A to reach steady state. Cobicistat is a substrate and strong inhibitor of CYP3A. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A may decrease the systemic exposure of cobicistat and decrease its therapeutic efficacy. Although cobicistat is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, net ivacaftor exposure at steady state is not expected to exceed that achieved with ivacaftor monotherapy (i.e., 150 mg PO every 12 hours) because of lumacaftor's CYP3A induction. In pharmacokinetic studies, coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with another strong CYP3A4 inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 4.3-fold. (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the therapeutic efficacy of darunavir; avoid concurrent use if possible. If concomitant use of darunavir is necessary, monitor antiretroviral efficacy, consider the use of therapeutic drug monitoring, and adjust drug dosages as necessary. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage adjustment is not required when darunavir is started in a patient already taking lumacaftor; ivacaftor. However, if lumacaftor; ivacaftor is initiated in a patient already taking darunavir, reduce the dose of lumacaftor; ivacaftor to 1 tablet PO daily or 1 packet of oral granules every other day for the first week of treatment, and then increase to the usual recommended daily dose. This dosage adjustment is also necessary if lumacaftor; ivacaftor therapy has been interrupted for more than 1 week and re-initiated while the patient is taking darunavir. The 1-week lead-in period at the lower lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage allows for lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A to reach steady state. Darunavir is a substrate and strong inhibitor of CYP3A. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A may decrease the systemic exposure of darunavir and decrease its therapeutic efficacy. Although darunavir is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, net ivacaftor exposure at steady state is not expected to exceed that achieved with ivacaftor monotherapy (i.e., 150 mg PO every 12 hours) because of lumacaftor's CYP3A induction. In pharmacokinetic studies, coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with another strong CYP3A4 inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 4.3-fold.
Darunavir; Cobicistat; Emtricitabine; Tenofovir alafenamide: (Major) If cobicistat and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to twice weekly. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and cobicistat is a strong CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 8.5-fold. (Major) If darunavir and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to twice weekly. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and darunavir is a strong CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 8.5-fold. (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the therapeutic efficacy of cobicistat; avoid concurrent use if possible. If concomitant use of cobicistat is necessary, monitor antiretroviral efficacy, consider the use of therapeutic drug monitoring, and adjust drug dosages as necessary. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage adjustment is not required when cobicistat is started in a patient already taking lumacaftor; ivacaftor. However, if lumacaftor; ivacaftor is initiated in a patient already taking cobicistat, reduce the dose of lumacaftor; ivacaftor to 1 tablet PO daily or 1 packet of oral granules every other day for the first week of treatment, and then increase to the usual recommended daily dose. This dosage adjustment is also necessary if lumacaftor; ivacaftor therapy has been interrupted for more than 1 week and re-initiated while the patient is taking cobicistat. The 1-week lead-in period at the lower lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage allows for lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A to reach steady state. Cobicistat is a substrate and strong inhibitor of CYP3A. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A may decrease the systemic exposure of cobicistat and decrease its therapeutic efficacy. Although cobicistat is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, net ivacaftor exposure at steady state is not expected to exceed that achieved with ivacaftor monotherapy (i.e., 150 mg PO every 12 hours) because of lumacaftor's CYP3A induction. In pharmacokinetic studies, coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with another strong CYP3A4 inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 4.3-fold. (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the therapeutic efficacy of darunavir; avoid concurrent use if possible. If concomitant use of darunavir is necessary, monitor antiretroviral efficacy, consider the use of therapeutic drug monitoring, and adjust drug dosages as necessary. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage adjustment is not required when darunavir is started in a patient already taking lumacaftor; ivacaftor. However, if lumacaftor; ivacaftor is initiated in a patient already taking darunavir, reduce the dose of lumacaftor; ivacaftor to 1 tablet PO daily or 1 packet of oral granules every other day for the first week of treatment, and then increase to the usual recommended daily dose. This dosage adjustment is also necessary if lumacaftor; ivacaftor therapy has been interrupted for more than 1 week and re-initiated while the patient is taking darunavir. The 1-week lead-in period at the lower lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage allows for lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A to reach steady state. Darunavir is a substrate and strong inhibitor of CYP3A. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A may decrease the systemic exposure of darunavir and decrease its therapeutic efficacy. Although darunavir is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, net ivacaftor exposure at steady state is not expected to exceed that achieved with ivacaftor monotherapy (i.e., 150 mg PO every 12 hours) because of lumacaftor's CYP3A induction. In pharmacokinetic studies, coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with another strong CYP3A4 inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 4.3-fold.
Dasatinib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of dasatinib and lumacaftor; ivacaftor due to the potential for decreased dasatinib exposure and reduced efficacy. Consider an alternative to lumacaftor; ivacaftor with less potential for enzyme induction. If coadministration cannot be avoided, consider an increased dose of dasatinib and monitor for toxicity. Dasatinib is a CYP3A4 substrate; lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Concurrent use of another strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased the mean Cmax and AUC of dasatinib by 81% and 82%, respectively.
Daunorubicin Liposomal: (Minor) Although the clinical significance of this interaction is unknown, concurrent use of daunorubicin liposomal and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter daunorubicin liposomal exposure; caution and close monitoring are advised if these drugs are used together. Daunorubicin is a substrate of the drug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp). In vitro data suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor has the potential to both induce and inhibit P-gp. The net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on P-gp transport is not clear, but substrate exposure may be affected leading to decreased efficacy or increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events.
Daunorubicin Liposomal; Cytarabine Liposomal: (Minor) Although the clinical significance of this interaction is unknown, concurrent use of daunorubicin liposomal and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter daunorubicin liposomal exposure; caution and close monitoring are advised if these drugs are used together. Daunorubicin is a substrate of the drug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp). In vitro data suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor has the potential to both induce and inhibit P-gp. The net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on P-gp transport is not clear, but substrate exposure may be affected leading to decreased efficacy or increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events.
Deflazacort: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of deflazacort and lumacaftor; ivacaftor. Concurrent use may significantly decrease concentrations of 21-desDFZ, the active metabolite of deflazacort, resulting in loss of efficacy. Deflazacort is a CYP3A4 substrate; lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong inducer of CYP3A4. Administration of deflazacort with multiple doses of rifampin (a strong CYP3A4 inducer) resulted in geometric mean exposures that were approximately 95% lower compared to administration alone.
Delavirdine: (Major) If delavirdine and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to twice weekly. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and delavirdine is a strong CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 8.5-fold. (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the therapeutic efficacy of delavirdine; avoid concurrent use if possible. If concomitant use of delavirdine is necessary, monitor antiretroviral efficacy, consider the use of therapeutic drug monitoring, and adjust drug dosages as necessary. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage adjustment is not required when delavirdine is started in a patient already taking lumacaftor; ivacaftor. However, if lumacaftor; ivacaftor is initiated in a patient already taking delavirdine, reduce the dose of lumacaftor; ivacaftor to 1 tablet PO daily or 1 packet of oral granules every other day for the first week of treatment, and then increase to the usual recommended daily dose. This dosage adjustment is also necessary if lumacaftor; ivacaftor therapy has been interrupted for more than 1 week and re-initiated while the patient is taking delavirdine. The 1-week lead-in period at the lower lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage allows for lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A to reach steady state. Delavirdine is a substrate and strong inhibitor of CYP3A. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A may decrease the systemic exposure of delavirdine and decrease its therapeutic efficacy. Although delavirdine is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, net ivacaftor exposure at steady state is not expected to exceed that achieved with ivacaftor monotherapy (i.e., 150 mg PO every 12 hours) because of lumacaftor's CYP3A induction. In pharmacokinetic studies, coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with another strong CYP3A4 inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 4.3-fold.
Desogestrel; Ethinyl Estradiol: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of hormonal contraceptives and lumacaftor; ivacaftor, unless the benefits outweigh the risks. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease hormonal contraceptive exposure, reducing efficacy. When coadministered with lumacaftor; ivacaftor, hormonal contraceptives are not a reliable method of effective contraception; instruct patients on alternative methods of birth control. In addition, concomitant use may increase the incidence of menstruation-associated adverse reactions (e.g., amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia).
Dexamethasone: (Moderate) Monitor for decreased efficacy of dexamethasone if coadministration with combination lumacaftor; ivacaftor is necessary; consider increasing the dose of dexamethasone if clinically appropriate. Dexamethasone is a CYP3A substrate and combination lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Dexlansoprazole: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of dexlansoprazole by decreasing its systemic exposure. If used together, monitor for dexlansoprazole efficacy. Dexlansoprazole is a CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 substrate. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong inducer of CYP3A; in vitro data suggests lumacaftor may also induce CYP2C19.
Dextromethorphan; Bupropion: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of bupropion by decreasing its systemic exposure. If used together, monitor patients closely for loss of bupropion efficacy; a bupropion dosage adjustment may be required to obtain the desired therapeutic effect. Do not exceed the maximum recommended dose. Bupropion is a substrate of CYP2B6; in vitro data suggest that lumacaftor may induce this enzyme.
Dextromethorphan; Diphenhydramine; Phenylephrine: (Minor) Concomitant use of diphenhydramine and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter diphenhydramine exposure; monitor for diphenhydramine efficacy and adverse events. Diphenhydramine is partially metabolized by CYP2C9 and CYP2C19. In vitro data suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce CYP2C19 and induce and/or inhibit CYP2C9. Although induction of diphenhydramine through the CYP2C19 pathway may lead to decreased drug efficacy, the net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on CYP2C9-mediated metabolism is not clear. (Minor) Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with CYP2C9 substrates, such as diphenhydramine. In vitro studies showed ivacaftor to be a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9. Co-administration may lead to increased exposure to CYP2C9 substrates; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined.
Dextromethorphan; Quinidine: (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter the therapeutic effects of quinidine. Use these agents together with caution; monitor quinidine concentrations and adjust the dosage as needed to attain antiarrhythmic efficacy endpoints. Quinidine is a substrate of CYP3A and the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux transporter. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data also suggest lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce and/or inhibit P-gp. Although induction of quinidine metabolism through the CYP3A pathway may lead to decreased drug efficacy, the net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on P-gp transport is not clear. Monitor the patient for decreased antiarrhythmic efficacy or increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events.
Diazepam: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of diazepam by decreasing its systemic exposure. If used together, monitor patients closely for loss of diazepam efficacy; a diazepam dosage adjustment may be required to obtain the desired therapeutic effect. Diazepam is primarily metabolized by CYP2C19 and CYP3A4, and to a lesser extent by CYP2B6 and CYP2C9. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data also suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce CYP2B6 and CYP2C19, and induce and/or inhibit CYP2C9. (Moderate) Use caution when administering ivacaftor and diazepam concurrently because patients may be at increased risk for adverse effects from diazepam. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A inhibitor, and diazepam is a CYP3A substrate. Diazepam is also metabolized by CYP2C19, which is not affected by ivacaftor. Co-administration of ivacaftor with midazolam, another CYP3A substrate, increased midazolam exposure by 1.5-fold.
Diclofenac: (Moderate) Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with diclofenac. Ivacaftor is an inhibitor of CYP3A and a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9; diclofenac is metabolized by CYP3A and CYP2C9. Co-administration can theoretically increase diclofenac exposure leading to increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events. Do not exceed a total daily diclofenac dose of 100 mg. (Minor) Concomitant use of diclofenac and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter diclofenac exposure; monitor for diclofenac efficacy and adverse events. Diclofenac metabolism is primarily mediated by CYP2C9, with CYP3A4 and possibly CYP2C8 playing a lesser role. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data also suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce and/or inhibit CYP2C9 and CYP2C8. Although induction of diclofenac's metabolism through the CYP3A pathway may lead to decreased drug efficacy, the net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on CYP2C9- and CYP2C8-mediated metabolism is not clear.
Diclofenac; Misoprostol: (Moderate) Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with diclofenac. Ivacaftor is an inhibitor of CYP3A and a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9; diclofenac is metabolized by CYP3A and CYP2C9. Co-administration can theoretically increase diclofenac exposure leading to increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events. Do not exceed a total daily diclofenac dose of 100 mg. (Minor) Concomitant use of diclofenac and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter diclofenac exposure; monitor for diclofenac efficacy and adverse events. Diclofenac metabolism is primarily mediated by CYP2C9, with CYP3A4 and possibly CYP2C8 playing a lesser role. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data also suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce and/or inhibit CYP2C9 and CYP2C8. Although induction of diclofenac's metabolism through the CYP3A pathway may lead to decreased drug efficacy, the net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on CYP2C9- and CYP2C8-mediated metabolism is not clear.
Dienogest; Estradiol valerate: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of hormonal contraceptives and lumacaftor; ivacaftor, unless the benefits outweigh the risks. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease hormonal contraceptive exposure, reducing efficacy. When coadministered with lumacaftor; ivacaftor, hormonal contraceptives are not a reliable method of effective contraception; instruct patients on alternative methods of birth control. In addition, concomitant use may increase the incidence of menstruation-associated adverse reactions (e.g., amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia).
Digoxin: (Moderate) Coadministration of ivacaftor with digoxin may increase digoxin exposure leading to increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events. Digoxin is a substrate for P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Ivacaftor is an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Use caution when administering ivacaftor and digoxin concurrently. (Moderate) Concomitant use of digoxin and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter digoxin exposure. Monitor digoxin serum concentrations closely and titrate the dosage to achieve the desired therapeutic effect. Digoxin is a substrate for the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux transporter. In vitro studies suggest lumacaftor; ivacaftor has the potential to both inhibit and induce P-gp.
Diltiazem: (Major) Avoid concomitant use and consider alternative therapy when possible. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of diltiazem by decreasing its systemic exposure. Monitor cardiovascular effects (e.g., heart rate, chest pain, blood pressure) closely and adjust the diltiazem dosage as appropriate. Diltiazem is a substrate of CYP3A4. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Coadministration of diltiazem and a strong CYP3A inducer resulted in undetectable diltiazem plasma concentrations. (Major) If diltiazem and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to once daily. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and diltiazem is a moderate CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another moderate CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 3-fold.
Diphenhydramine: (Minor) Concomitant use of diphenhydramine and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter diphenhydramine exposure; monitor for diphenhydramine efficacy and adverse events. Diphenhydramine is partially metabolized by CYP2C9 and CYP2C19. In vitro data suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce CYP2C19 and induce and/or inhibit CYP2C9. Although induction of diphenhydramine through the CYP2C19 pathway may lead to decreased drug efficacy, the net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on CYP2C9-mediated metabolism is not clear. (Minor) Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with CYP2C9 substrates, such as diphenhydramine. In vitro studies showed ivacaftor to be a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9. Co-administration may lead to increased exposure to CYP2C9 substrates; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined.
Diphenhydramine; Ibuprofen: (Minor) Concomitant use of diphenhydramine and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter diphenhydram ine exposure; monitor for diphenhydramine efficacy and adverse events. Diphenhydramine is partially metabolized by CYP2C9 and CYP2C19. In vitro data suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce CYP2C19 and induce and/or inhibit CYP2C9. Although induction of diphenhydramine through the CYP2C19 pathway may lead to decreased drug efficacy, the net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on CYP2C9-mediated metabolism is not clear. (Minor) Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with CYP2C9 substrates, such as diphenhydramine. In vitro studies showed ivacaftor to be a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9. Co-administration may lead to increased exposure to CYP2C9 substrates; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined. (Minor) Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with CYP2C9 substrates, such as ibuprofen. In vitro studies showed ivacaftor to be a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9. Co-administration may lead to increased exposure to CYP2C9 substrates; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined. (Minor) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter the systemic exposure of ibuprofen. If used together, a dose adjustment of ibuprofen may be required to obtain the desired therapeutic effect and/or avoid adverse effects. Do not exceed the recommended maximum dose. Ibuprofen is a CYP2C9 substrate, and in vitro studies suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor has the potential to induce or inhibit CYP2C9.
Diphenhydramine; Naproxen: (Moderate) Although the clinical significance of this interaction is unknown, concurrent use of naproxen and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter naproxen exposure; caution and monitoring are advised if these drugs are administered together. Naproxen is a substrate of CYP2C9 (primary) and CYP2C8. In vitro data suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce and/or inhibit CYP2C8 and CYP2C9. The net effect on these substrates is not clear, but their exposure may be affected leading to decreased efficacy or increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events. (Minor) Concomitant use of diphenhydramine and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter diphenhydramine exposure; monitor for diphenhydramine efficacy and adverse events. Diphenhydramine is partially metabolized by CYP2C9 and CYP2C19. In vitro data suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce CYP2C19 and induce and/or inhibit CYP2C9. Although induction of diphenhydramine through the CYP2C19 pathway may lead to decreased drug efficacy, the net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on CYP2C9-mediated metabolism is not clear. (Minor) Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with CYP2C9 substrates, such as diphenhydramine. In vitro studies showed ivacaftor to be a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9. Co-administration may lead to increased exposure to CYP2C9 substrates; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined. (Minor) Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with CYP2C9 substrates, such as naproxen. In vitro studies showed ivacaftor to be a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9. Co-administration may lead to increased exposure to CYP2C9 substrates; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined.
Diphenhydramine; Phenylephrine: (Minor) Concomitant use of diphenhydramine and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter diphenhydramine exposure; monitor for diphenhydramine efficacy and adverse events. Diphenhydramine is partially metabolized by CYP2C9 and CYP2C19. In vitro data suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce CYP2C19 and induce and/or inhibit CYP2C9. Although induction of diphenhydramine through the CYP2C19 pathway may lead to decreased drug efficacy, the net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on CYP2C9-mediated metabolism is not clear. (Minor) Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with CYP2C9 substrates, such as diphenhydramine. In vitro studies showed ivacaftor to be a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9. Co-administration may lead to increased exposure to CYP2C9 substrates; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined.
Disopyramide: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of disopyramide by significantly decreasing its systemic exposure. If used together, monitor disopyramide plasma concentrations and adjust the dose as appropriate. Disopyramide is a CYP3A4 substrate. Lumacaftor is a strong inducer of CYP3A. (Moderate) Use caution when administering ivacaftor and disopyramide concurrently. Ivacaftor is an inhibitor of CYP3A. Co-administration of ivacaftor with CYP3A substrates, such as disopyramide, can increase disopyramide exposure leading to increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events.
Disulfiram: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of disulfiram by decreasing its systemic exposure. If used together, monitor patients closely for loss of disulfiram efficacy; a disulfiram dosage adjustment may be required to obtain the desired therapeutic effect. Do not exceed the maximum recommended dose. Disulfiram is primarily metabolized by CYP3A4 and is also a substrate of CYP2B6. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data also suggest that lumacaftor may induce CYP2B6.
Docetaxel: (Major) Avoid coadministration of docetaxel with lumacaftor; ivacaftor due to decreased plasma concentrations of docetaxel. Docetaxel is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Concomitant use with other strong CYP3A4 inducers increased docetaxel metabolism by 2.6-fold to 32-fold.
Dolasetron: (Minor) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of dolasetron by decreasing its systemic exposure. Dolasetron is partially metabolized by CYP3A4. Lumacaftor is a strong inducer of CYP3A. When oral dolasetron was administered with rifampin, another strong CYP3A inducer, for 7 days, the AUC and Cmax of hydrodolasetron decreased by 28% and 17%, respectively. Of note, rifampin is also a weak inducer of CYP2D6, the primary substrate of dolasetron, but lumacaftor; ivacaftor does not affect CYP2D6.
Dolutegravir: (Moderate) Dolutegravir plasma concentrations may be reduced when administered concurrently with lumacaftor; ivacaftor; thereby increasing the risk for HIV treatment failures or the development of viral-resistance. Data are insufficient to make dosing recommendations; however, predictions regarding this interaction can be made based on the drugs metabolic pathways. Dolutegravir is partially metabolized by CYP3A and, in vitro, is a substrate for the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) drug transporter. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data suggest lumacaftor; ivacaftor may also induce and/or inhibit P-gp.
Dolutegravir; Lamivudine: (Moderate) Dolutegravir plasma concentrations may be reduced when administered concurrently with lumacaftor; ivacaftor; thereby increasing the risk for HIV treatment failures or the development of viral-resistance. Data are insufficient to make dosing recommendations; however, predictions regarding this interaction can be made based on the drugs metabolic pathways. Dolutegravir is partially metabolized by CYP3A and, in vitro, is a substrate for the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) drug transporter. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data suggest lumacaftor; ivacaftor may also induce and/or inhibit P-gp.
Dolutegravir; Rilpivirine: (Contraindicated) Concomitant use of lumacaftor; ivacaftor and rilpivirine is contraindicated, as significant decreases in rilpivirine plasma concentrations may occur. This may result in loss of virologic response and possible resistance to rilpivirine or to the class of NNRTIs. Rilpivirine is primarily metabolize by CYP3A, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. (Moderate) Dolutegravir plasma concentrations may be reduced when administered concurrently with lumacaftor; ivacaftor; thereby increasing the risk for HIV treatment failures or the development of viral-resistance. Data are insufficient to make dosing recommendations; however, predictions regarding this interaction can be made based on the drugs metabolic pathways. Dolutegravir is partially metabolized by CYP3A and, in vitro, is a substrate for the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) drug transporter. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data suggest lumacaftor; ivacaftor may also induce and/or inhibit P-gp.
Donepezil: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of donepezil by decreasing its systemic exposure. Donepezil is a primary substrate of CYP3A4. Lumacaftor is a strong inducer of CYP3A.
Donepezil; Memantine: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of donepezil by decreasing its systemic exposure. Donepezil is a primary substrate of CYP3A4. Lumacaftor is a strong inducer of CYP3A.
Doravirine: (Contraindicated) Concurrent administration of doravirine and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is contraindicated due to decreased doravirine exposure, resulting in potential loss of virologic control. At least a 4-week cessation period is recommended before initiating treatment with doravirine. Doravirine is a CYP3A4 substrate; lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer.
Doravirine; Lamivudine; Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate: (Contraindicated) Concurrent administration of doravirine and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is contraindicated due to decreased doravirine exposure, resulting in potential loss of virologic control. At least a 4-week cessation period is recommended before initiating treatment with doravirine. Doravirine is a CYP3A4 substrate; lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. (Moderate) Caution is advised when administering tenofovir, PMPA, a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate, concurrently with inhibitors of P-gp, such as ivacaftor. Coadministration may result in increased absorption of tenofovir. Monitor for tenofovir-associated adverse reactions.
Doxepin: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of doxepin by decreasing its systemic exposure. If used together, monitor patients for doxepin efficacy; a doxepin dosage adjustment may be required to obtain the desired therapeutic effect. Do not exceed the recommended maximum dosage. CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 both play a role in doxepin's metabolism. In vitro data suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce CYP2C19 and induce and/or inhibit CYP2C9. (Minor) Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with CYP2C9 substrates, such as doxepin. In vitro studies showed ivacaftor to be a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9. Co-administration may lead to increased exposure to CYP2C9 substrates; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined.
Doxorubicin Liposomal: (Major) Concomitant administration of doxorubicin and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter the exposure of doxorubicin; avoid concurrent use. Doxorubicin is a major substrate of CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data also suggest lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce and/or inhibit P-gp. (Major) Ivacaftor is a mild inhibitor of CYP3A and P-glycoprotein (P-gp); doxorubicin is a major CYP3A4 and P-gp substrate. Clinically significant interactions have been reported when doxorubicin was coadministered with inhibitors of CYP3A4 and/or P-gp, resulting in increased concentration and clinical effect of doxorubicin. Avoid coadministration of ivacaftor and doxorubicin if possible. If avoidance is not possible, closely monitor for increased side effects of doxorubicin including myelosuppression and cardiotoxicity.
Doxorubicin: (Major) Concomitant administration of doxorubicin and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter the exposure of doxorubicin; avoid concurrent use. Doxorubicin is a major substrate of CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data also suggest lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce and/or inhibit P-gp. (Major) Ivacaftor is a mild inhibitor of CYP3A and P-glycoprotein (P-gp); doxorubicin is a major CYP3A4 and P-gp substrate. Clinically significant interactions have been reported when doxorubicin was coadministered with inhibitors of CYP3A4 and/or P-gp, resulting in increased concentration and clinical effect of doxorubicin. Avoid coadministration of ivacaftor and doxorubicin if possible. If avoidance is not possible, closely monitor for increased side effects of doxorubicin including myelosuppression and cardiotoxicity.
Dronabinol: (Moderate) Use caution if coadministration of dronabinol with lumacaftor; ivacaftor is necessary, and monitor for changes in the efficacy or adverse effect profile of dronabinol (e.g., feeling high, dizziness, confusion, somnolence). Dronabinol is a CYP2C9 and 3A4 substrate. Ivacaftor is a weak inhibitor of CYP3A4 and a weak CYP2C9 inhibitor in vitro, while lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Concomitant use may result in altered plasma concentrations of dronabinol. (Minor) Use caution if coadministration of dronabinol with ivacaftor is necessary, and monitor for an increase in dronabinol-related adverse reactions (e.g., feeling high, dizziness, confusion, somnolence). Dronabinol is a CYP2C9 and 3A4 substrate; ivacaftor is a weak inhibitor of CYP3A4 and a weak CYP2C9 inhibitor in vitro. Concomitant use may result in elevated plasma concentrations of dronabinol.
Dronedarone: (Major) If dronedarone and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to once daily. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and dronedarone is a moderate CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another moderate CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 3-fold. (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of dronedarone by decreasing its systemic exposure; avoid concomitant use. Dronedarone is a substrate and moderate inhibitor of CYP3A. Ivacaftor is a sensitive CYP3A substrate and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Induction of dronedarone through the CYP3A pathway may lead to decreased drug efficacy. Although ivacaftor exposure may increase when given with a CYP3A inhibitor, ivacaftor; lumacaftor dosage adjustments are not recommended with concomitant use of a moderate CYP3A inducer such as dronedarone.
Drospirenone: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of hormonal contraceptives and lumacaftor; ivacaftor, unless the benefits outweigh the risks. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease hormonal contraceptive exposure, reducing efficacy. When coadministered with lumacaftor; ivacaftor, hormonal contraceptives are not a reliable method of effective contraception; instruct patients on alternative methods of birth control. In addition, concomitant use may increase the incidence of menstruation-associated adverse reactions (e.g., amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia).
Drospirenone; Estetrol: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of hormonal contraceptives and lumacaftor; ivacaftor, unless the benefits outweigh the risks. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease hormonal contraceptive exposure, reducing efficacy. When coadministered with lumacaftor; ivacaftor, hormonal contraceptives are not a reliable method of effective contraception; instruct patients on alternative methods of birth control. In addition, concomitant use may increase the incidence of menstruation-associated adverse reactions (e.g., amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia).
Drospirenone; Estradiol: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of hormonal contraceptives and lumacaftor; ivacaftor, unless the benefits outweigh the risks. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease hormonal contraceptive exposure, reducing efficacy. When coadministered with lumacaftor; ivacaftor, hormonal contraceptives are not a reliable method of effective contraception; instruct patients on alternative methods of birth control. In addition, concomitant use may increase the incidence of menstruation-associated adverse reactions (e.g., amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia).
Drospirenone; Ethinyl Estradiol: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of hormonal contraceptives and lumacaftor; ivacaftor, unless the benefits outweigh the risks. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease hormonal contraceptive exposure, reducing efficacy. When coadministered with lumacaftor; ivacaftor, hormonal contraceptives are not a reliable method of effective contraception; instruct patients on alternative methods of birth control. In addition, concomitant use may increase the incidence of menstruation-associated adverse reactions (e.g., amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia).
Drospirenone; Ethinyl Estradiol; Levomefolate: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of hormonal contraceptives and lumacaftor; ivacaftor, unless the benefits outweigh the risks. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease hormonal contraceptive exposure, reducing efficacy. When coadministered with lumacaftor; ivacaftor, hormonal contraceptives are not a reliable method of effective contraception; instruct patients on alternative methods of birth control. In addition, concomitant use may increase the incidence of menstruation-associated adverse reactions (e.g., amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia).
Duvelisib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of duvelisib with lumacaftor; ivacaftor. Coadministration may decrease the exposure of duvelisib, which may reduce the efficacy of duvelisib. Duvelisib is a CYP3A substrate; lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. In drug interaction studies, coadministration of duvelisib with another strong CYP3A inducer for 7 days decreased duvelisib Cmax and AUC by 66% and 82%, respectively. (Major) If duvelisib and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to once daily. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and duvelisib is a moderate CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another moderate CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 3-fold.
Efavirenz: (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor can reduce the efficacy of efavirenz by decreasing its systemic exposure. If these agents must be used together, monitor efavirenz plasma concentrations; an efavirenz dosage adjustment may be required to obtain the desired therapeutic effect. Efavirenz is a substrate of CYP3A4 and CYP2B6. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer, and in vitro data suggest that lumacaftor may also induce CYP2B6. When efavirenz is coadministered with rifampin, a strong CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 inducer, it is recommended to increase efavirenz from 600 mg/day to 800 mg/day (patients >= 50 kg).
Efavirenz; Emtricitabine; Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate: (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor can reduce the efficacy of efavirenz by decreasing its systemic exposure. If these agents must be used together, monitor efavirenz plasma concentrations; an efavirenz dosage adjustment may be required to obtain the desired therapeutic effect. Efavirenz is a substrate of CYP3A4 and CYP2B6. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer, and in vitro data suggest that lumacaftor may also induce CYP2B6. When efavirenz is coadministered with rifampin, a strong CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 inducer, it is recommended to increase efavirenz from 600 mg/day to 800 mg/day (patients >= 50 kg). (Moderate) Caution is advised when administering tenofovir, PMPA, a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate, concurrently with inhibitors of P-gp, such as ivacaftor. Coadministration may result in increased absorption of tenofovir. Monitor for tenofovir-associated adverse reactions.
Efavirenz; Lamivudine; Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate: (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor can reduce the efficacy of efavirenz by decreasing its systemic exposure. If these agents must be used together, monitor efavirenz plasma concentrations; an efavirenz dosage adjustment may be required to obtain the desired therapeutic effect. Efavirenz is a substrate of CYP3A4 and CYP2B6. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer, and in vitro data suggest that lumacaftor may also induce CYP2B6. When efavirenz is coadministered with rifampin, a strong CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 inducer, it is recommended to increase efavirenz from 600 mg/day to 800 mg/day (patients >= 50 kg). (Moderate) Caution is advised when administering tenofovir, PMPA, a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate, concurrently with inhibitors of P-gp, such as ivacaftor. Coadministration may result in increased absorption of tenofovir. Monitor for tenofovir-associated adverse reactions.
Elacestrant: (Major) Avoid concurrent use of elacestrant and lumacaftor; ivacaftor due to the risk of decreased elacestrant exposure which may reduce its efficacy. Elacestrant is a CYP3A substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Concomitant use with another strong CYP3A inducer reduced elacestrant overall exposure by 86%.
Elagolix: (Moderate) Concomitant use of elagolix and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may result in decreased concentrations of elagolix; monitor for decreased efficacy with coadministration. Elagolix is a CYP3A substrate; lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong inducer of CYP3A.
Elagolix; Estradiol; Norethindrone acetate: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of hormonal contraceptives and lumacaftor; ivacaftor, unless the benefits outweigh the risks. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease hormonal contraceptive exposure, reducing efficacy. When coadministered with lumacaftor; ivacaftor, hormonal contraceptives are not a reliable method of effective contraception; instruct patients on alternative methods of birth control. In addition, concomitant use may increase the incidence of menstruation-associated adverse reactions (e.g., amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia). (Moderate) Concomitant use of elagolix and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may result in decreased concentrations of elagolix; monitor for decreased efficacy with coadministration. Elagolix is a CYP3A substrate; lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong inducer of CYP3A.
Eletriptan: (Moderate) Use caution when administering ivacaftor and eletriptan concurrently. Ivacaftor is an inhibitor of CYP3A and P-glycoprotein (Pgp). Co-administration of ivacaftor with CYP3A and Pgp substrates, such as eletriptan, can increase eletriptan exposure leading to increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events. (Minor) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter the systemic exposure of eletriptan. Eletriptan is a primarily metabolized by CYP3A4 and is a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data also suggest lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce and/or inhibit P-gp. Although induction of eletriptan through the CYP3A pathway may lead to decreased drug efficacy, the net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on P-gp transport is not clear. Monitor the patient for decreased eletriptan efficacy or increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events.
Eliglustat: (Major) Coadministration of eliglustat and lumacaftor; ivacaftor significantly decreases eliglustat exposure; coadministration is not recommended in patients of any metabolizer status. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer, and eliglustat is a CYP3A substrate. During clinical trials, systemic exposures (Cmax and AUC) of eliglustat decreased by approximately 90% in EMs and IMs after coadministration of eliglustat 127 mg PO twice daily with another strong CYP3A inducer, rifampin 600 mg PO once daily. Of note, the only FDA-approved dose of eliglustat is 84 mg. Additionally, systemic exposures decreased by approximately 95% after coadministration of eliglustat 84 mg PO twice daily with rifampin 600 mg PO once daily in PMs. Eliglustat is also a substrate of the drug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and in vitro data suggests lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce and/or inhibit P-gp. The net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on P-gp transport is not clear. (Major) In poor CYP2D6 metabolizers (PMs), coadministration of ivacaftor and eliglustat is not recommended. In extensive CYP2D6 metabolizers (EM) with mild hepatic impairment, coadministration of these agents requires dosage reduction of eliglustat to 84 mg PO once daily. Ivacaftor and its primary metabolite M1 are considered weak CYP3A inhibitors; eliglustat is a CYP3A and CYP2D6 substrate. Because CYP3A plays a significant role in the metabolism of eliglustat in CYP2D6 PMs, coadministration of eliglustat with CYP3A inhibitors may increase eliglustat exposure and the risk of serious adverse events (e.g., QT prolongation and cardiac arrhythmias) in these patients.
Elvitegravir; Cobicistat; Emtricitabine; Tenofovir Alafenamide: (Major) Concomitant use of lumacaftor; ivacaftor and elvitegravir is not recommended, as significant decreases in elvitegravir plasma concentrations may occur. This may result in loss of virologic response and possible resistance. Elvitegravir is metabolized by CYP3A, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. (Major) If cobicistat and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to twice weekly. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and cobicistat is a strong CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 8.5-fold. (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the therapeutic efficacy of cobicistat; avoid concurrent use if possible. If concomitant use of cobicistat is necessary, monitor antiretroviral efficacy, consider the use of therapeutic drug monitoring, and adjust drug dosages as necessary. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage adjustment is not required when cobicistat is started in a patient already taking lumacaftor; ivacaftor. However, if lumacaftor; ivacaftor is initiated in a patient already taking cobicistat, reduce the dose of lumacaftor; ivacaftor to 1 tablet PO daily or 1 packet of oral granules every other day for the first week of treatment, and then increase to the usual recommended daily dose. This dosage adjustment is also necessary if lumacaftor; ivacaftor therapy has been interrupted for more than 1 week and re-initiated while the patient is taking cobicistat. The 1-week lead-in period at the lower lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage allows for lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A to reach steady state. Cobicistat is a substrate and strong inhibitor of CYP3A. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A may decrease the systemic exposure of cobicistat and decrease its therapeutic efficacy. Although cobicistat is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, net ivacaftor exposure at steady state is not expected to exceed that achieved with ivacaftor monotherapy (i.e., 150 mg PO every 12 hours) because of lumacaftor's CYP3A induction. In pharmacokinetic studies, coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with another strong CYP3A4 inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 4.3-fold.
Elvitegravir; Cobicistat; Emtricitabine; Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate: (Major) Concomitant use of lumacaftor; ivacaftor and elvitegravir is not recommended, as significant decreases in elvitegravir plasma concentrations may occur. This may result in loss of virologic response and possible resistance. Elvitegravir is metabolized by CYP3A, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. (Major) If cobicistat and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to twice weekly. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and cobicistat is a strong CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 8.5-fold. (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the therapeutic efficacy of cobicistat; avoid concurrent use if possible. If concomitant use of cobicistat is necessary, monitor antiretroviral efficacy, consider the use of therapeutic drug monitoring, and adjust drug dosages as necessary. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage adjustment is not required when cobicistat is started in a patient already taking lumacaftor; ivacaftor. However, if lumacaftor; ivacaftor is initiated in a patient already taking cobicistat, reduce the dose of lumacaftor; ivacaftor to 1 tablet PO daily or 1 packet of oral granules every other day for the first week of treatment, and then increase to the usual recommended daily dose. This dosage adjustment is also necessary if lumacaftor; ivacaftor therapy has been interrupted for more than 1 week and re-initiated while the patient is taking cobicistat. The 1-week lead-in period at the lower lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage allows for lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A to reach steady state. Cobicistat is a substrate and strong inhibitor of CYP3A. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A may decrease the systemic exposure of cobicistat and decrease its therapeutic efficacy. Although cobicistat is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, net ivacaftor exposure at steady state is not expected to exceed that achieved with ivacaftor monotherapy (i.e., 150 mg PO every 12 hours) because of lumacaftor's CYP3A induction. In pharmacokinetic studies, coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with another strong CYP3A4 inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 4.3-fold. (Moderate) Caution is advised when administering tenofovir, PMPA, a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate, concurrently with inhibitors of P-gp, such as ivacaftor. Coadministration may result in increased absorption of tenofovir. Monitor for tenofovir-associated adverse reactions.
Empagliflozin; Linagliptin: (Moderate) Monitor for a decrease in linagliptin efficacy during concomitant use of linagliptin and lumacaftor; ivacaftor if coadministration is required. Concomitant use may decrease linagliptin exposure. Linagliptin is a CYP3A and P-gp substrate and combination lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Concomitant use with a strong CYP3A and P-gp inducer reduced linagliptin overall exposure by 0.6-fold.
Empagliflozin; Linagliptin; Metformin: (Moderate) Monitor for a decrease in linagliptin efficacy during concomitant use of linagliptin and lumacaftor; ivacaftor if coadministration is required. Concomitant use may decrease linagliptin exposure. Linagliptin is a CYP3A and P-gp substrate and combination lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Concomitant use with a strong CYP3A and P-gp inducer reduced linagliptin overall exposure by 0.6-fold.
Emtricitabine; Rilpivirine; Tenofovir alafenamide: (Contraindicated) Concomitant use of lumacaftor; ivacaftor and rilpivirine is contraindicated, as significant decreases in rilpivirine plasma concentrations may occur. This may result in loss of virologic response and possible resistance to rilpivirine or to the class of NNRTIs. Rilpivirine is primarily metabolize by CYP3A, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Emtricitabine; Rilpivirine; Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate: (Contraindicated) Concomitant use of lumacaftor; ivacaftor and rilpivirine is contraindicated, as significant decreases in rilpivirine plasma concentrations may occur. This may result in loss of virologic response and possible resistance to rilpivirine or to the class of NNRTIs. Rilpivirine is primarily metabolize by CYP3A, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. (Moderate) Caution is advised when administering tenofovir, PMPA, a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate, concurrently with inhibitors of P-gp, such as ivacaftor. Coadministration may result in increased absorption of tenofovir. Monitor for tenofovir-associated adverse reactions.
Emtricitabine; Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate: (Moderate) Caution is advised when administering tenofovir, PMPA, a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate, concurrently with inhibitors of P-gp, such as ivacaftor. Coadministration may result in increased absorption of tenofovir. Monitor for tenofovir-associated adverse reactions.
Encorafenib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of encorafenib and lumacaftor; ivacaftor due to decreased encorafenib exposure and potential loss of efficacy. Encorafenib is a CYP3A4 substrate; lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with CYP3A4 inducers has not been studied with encorafenib; however, in clinical trials, steady-state encorafenib exposures were lower than encorafenib exposures after the first dose, suggesting CYP3A4 auto-induction. (Major) Coadministration of encorafenib with ivacaftor may result in increased toxicity or decreased efficacy of ivacaftor. Ivacaftor is a sensitive CYP3A4 substrate. In vitro studies with encorafenib showed time-dependent inhibition of CYP3A4 and induction of CYP3A4. The clinical relevance of the in vivo effect of encorafenib on CYP3A4 is not established.
Entrectinib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of entrectinib with lumacaftor; ivacaftor due to decreased entrectinib exposure and risk of decreased efficacy. Entrectinib is a CYP3A4 substrate; lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration of a strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased the entrectinib AUC by 77% in a drug interaction study.
Enzalutamide: (Major) Coadministration of ivacaftor with enzalutamide is not recommended due to decreased plasma concentrations of ivacaftor. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A4 substrate and enzalutamide is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer significantly decreased ivacaftor exposure by approximately 9-fold. (Major) Coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with enzalutamide is not recommended due to decreased plasma concentrations of both enzalutamide and ivacaftor, which may compromise efficacy. Enzalutamide is a CYP3A4 substrate and strong inducer; ivacaftor is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased the composite AUC of enzalutamide plus N-desmethyl enzalutamide by 37%. Coadministration with a strong CYP3A4 inducer significantly decreased ivacaftor exposure by approximately 9-fold.
Eplerenone: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of eplerenone by decreasing its systemic exposure. If used together, monitor blood pressure closely. Eplerenone is a CYP3A4 substrate. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Eravacycline: (Major) Increase the dose of eravacycline to 1.5 mg/kg IV every 12 hours when coadministered with a strong CYP3A4 inducer, such as lumacaftor. Concomitant use of strong CYP3A4 inducers decreases the exposure of eravacycline, which may reduce its efficacy. When eravacycline was administered with a strong CYP3A4/3A5 inducer, the eravacycline AUC was decreased by 35% and its clearance was increased by 54%.
Erdafitinib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of erdafitinib and lumacaftor; ivacaftor due to the risk of decreased plasma concentrations of erdafitinib resulting in decreased efficacy. Erdafitinib is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer.
Erlotinib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of erlotinib with lumacaftor; ivacaftor if possible due to the risk of decreased erlotinib efficacy. If concomitant use is unavoidable, increase the dose of erlotinib in 50 mg increments at 2-week intervals as tolerated (maximum dose, 450 mg). Erlotinib is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased erlotinib exposure by 58% to 80%.
Erythromycin: (Major) If erythromycin and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to once daily. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and erythromycin is a moderate CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another moderate CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 3-fold. (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the therapeutic efficacy of erythromycin; avoid concurrent use if possible. If concomitant use of erythromycin is necessary, monitor for microbiological activity and signs and symptoms of lumacaftor; ivacaftor toxicity. Erythromycin is a substrate and inhibitor of CYP3A. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. The enzyme induction effects of lumacaftor may decrease the systemic exposure of erythromycin and decrease its therapeutic efficacy. In addition, the inhibitory effects of erythromycin may increase the systemic exposure of ivacaftor, although no dosage adjustment is recommended for moderate CYP3A inhibition.
Escitalopram: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of escitalopram by decreasing its systemic exposure. If used together, a higher dose of escitalopram may be required to obtain the desired therapeutic effect. Do not exceed the recommended maximum dose. Escitalopram is a CYP3A and CYP2C19 substrate. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong inducer of CYP3A and has the potential to induce CYP2C19.
Esomeprazole: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of esomeprazole by substantially decreasing its systemic exposure. If used together, an esomeprazole dosage adjustment may be necessary to obtain the desired therapeutic effect. Esomeprazole is a CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 substrate. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong inducer of CYP3A; in vitro data suggests is also has the potential to induce CYP2C19.
Estazolam: (Moderate) Use caution when administering ivacaftor and estazolam concurrently. Ivacaftor is an inhibitor of CYP3A. Co-administration of ivacaftor with CYP3A substrates, such as estazolam, can increase estazolam exposure leading to increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events. (Minor) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor is expected to decrease the systemic exposure of estazolam. If used together, monitor for clinical efficacy. In vitro, estazolam is a CYP3A substrate. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Estradiol; Levonorgestrel: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of hormonal contraceptives and lumacaftor; ivacaftor, unless the benefits outweigh the risks. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease hormonal contraceptive exposure, reducing efficacy. When coadministered with lumacaftor; ivacaftor, hormonal contraceptives are not a reliable method of effective contraception; instruct patients on alternative methods of birth control. In addition, concomitant use may increase the incidence of menstruation-associated adverse reactions (e.g., amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia).
Estradiol; Norethindrone: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of hormonal contraceptives and lumacaftor; ivacaftor, unless the benefits outweigh the risks. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease hormonal contraceptive exposure, reducing efficacy. When coadministered with lumacaftor; ivacaftor, hormonal contraceptives are not a reliable method of effective contraception; instruct patients on alternative methods of birth control. In addition, concomitant use may increase the incidence of menstruation-associated adverse reactions (e.g., amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia).
Estradiol; Norgestimate: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of hormonal contraceptives and lumacaftor; ivacaftor, unless the benefits outweigh the risks. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease hormonal contraceptive exposure, reducing efficacy. When coadministered with lumacaftor; ivacaftor, hormonal contraceptives are not a reliable method of effective contraception; instruct patients on alternative methods of birth control. In addition, concomitant use may increase the incidence of menstruation-associated adverse reactions (e.g., amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia).
Eszopiclone: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of eszopiclone by decreasing its systemic exposure. If used together, monitor for efficacy and consider increasing the eszopiclone dosage as appropriate. Eszopiclone is a CYP3A substrate. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Coadministration of racemic zopiclone and rifampicin, another strong CYP3A inducer, decreased the exposure of zopiclone by 80%; a similar effect would be expected with eszopiclone.
Ethinyl Estradiol; Norelgestromin: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of hormonal contraceptives and lumacaftor; ivacaftor, unless the benefits outweigh the risks. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease hormonal contraceptive exposure, reducing efficacy. When coadministered with lumacaftor; ivacaftor, hormonal contraceptives are not a reliable method of effective contraception; instruct patients on alternative methods of birth control. In addition, concomitant use may increase the incidence of menstruation-associated adverse reactions (e.g., amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia).
Ethinyl Estradiol; Norethindrone Acetate: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of hormonal contraceptives and lumacaftor; ivacaftor, unless the benefits outweigh the risks. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease hormonal contraceptive exposure, reducing efficacy. When coadministered with lumacaftor; ivacaftor, hormonal contraceptives are not a reliable method of effective contraception; instruct patients on alternative methods of birth control. In addition, concomitant use may increase the incidence of menstruation-associated adverse reactions (e.g., amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia).
Ethinyl Estradiol; Norgestrel: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of hormonal contraceptives and lumacaftor; ivacaftor, unless the benefits outweigh the risks. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease hormonal contraceptive exposure, reducing efficacy. When coadministered with lumacaftor; ivacaftor, hormonal contraceptives are not a reliable method of effective contraception; instruct patients on alternative methods of birth control. In addition, concomitant use may increase the incidence of menstruation-associated adverse reactions (e.g., amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia).
Ethosuximide: (Major) Concomitant use of ethosuximide and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is not recommended. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the systemic exposure of ethosuximide, a narrow therapeutic index drug. Ethosuxamide is a substrate of CYP3A, and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a potent CYP3A inducer.
Ethynodiol Diacetate; Ethinyl Estradiol: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of hormonal contraceptives and lumacaftor; ivacaftor, unless the benefits outweigh the risks. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease hormonal contraceptive exposure, reducing efficacy. When coadministered with lumacaftor; ivacaftor, hormonal contraceptives are not a reliable method of effective contraception; instruct patients on alternative methods of birth control. In addition, concomitant use may increase the incidence of menstruation-associated adverse reactions (e.g., amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia).
Etonogestrel: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of hormonal contraceptives and lumacaftor; ivacaftor, unless the benefits outweigh the risks. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease hormonal contraceptive exposure, reducing efficacy. When coadministered with lumacaftor; ivacaftor, hormonal contraceptives are not a reliable method of effective contraception; instruct patients on alternative methods of birth control. In addition, concomitant use may increase the incidence of menstruation-associated adverse reactions (e.g., amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia).
Etonogestrel; Ethinyl Estradiol: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of hormonal contraceptives and lumacaftor; ivacaftor, unless the benefits outweigh the risks. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease hormonal contraceptive exposure, reducing efficacy. When coadministered with lumacaftor; ivacaftor, hormonal contraceptives are not a reliable method of effective contraception; instruct patients on alternative methods of birth control. In addition, concomitant use may increase the incidence of menstruation-associated adverse reactions (e.g., amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia).
Etravirine: (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of etravirine by significantly decreasing its systemic exposure; avoid concurrent use if possible. If concomitant use of etravirine is necessary, monitor antiretroviral efficacy, consider the use of therapeutic drug monitoring, and adjust drug dosages as necessary. Etravirine is a substrate of CYP3A4, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 and a moderate inducer of CYP3A4. Ivacaftor is a sensitive CYP3A substrate and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data also suggest lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce CYP2C19 and induce and/or inhibit CYP2C9. Although induction of etravirine through the CYP3A and CYP2C19 pathways may lead to decreased drug efficacy, the net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on CYP2C9-mediated metabolism is not clear. Although ivacaftor exposure could theoretically be further decreased when given with another CYP3A inducer, ivacaftor; lumacaftor dosage adjustments are not recommended with concomitant use of a moderate CYP3A inducer such as etravirine.
Everolimus: (Major) Avoid coadministration of everolimus with lumacaftor; ivacaftor due to the risk of decreased efficacy of everolimus. If concomitant use is unavoidable, coadministration requires a dose increase for some indications and close monitoring for others. For oncology indications and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)-associated renal angiomyolipoma, double the daily dose using increments of 5 mg or less; multiple increments may be required. For patients with TSC-associated subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) and TSC-associated partial-onset seizures, assess the everolimus whole blood trough concentration 2 weeks after initiation of lumacaftor; ivacaftor and adjust the dose as necessary to remain in the recommended therapeutic range. Also closely monitor everolimus whole blood trough concentrations in patients receiving everolimus for either kidney or liver transplant and adjust the dose as necessary to remain in the recommended therapeutic range. Everolimus is a sensitive CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased the AUC of everolimus by 63%. For indications where everolimus trough concentrations are monitored, the addition of a second strong CYP3A4 inducer in a patient already receiving treatment with a strong CYP3A4 inducer may not require additional dose modification. (Moderate) Monitor everolimus whole blood trough concentrations as appropriate and watch for everolimus-related adverse reactions if coadministration with ivacaftor is necessary. The dose of everolimus may need to be reduced. Everolimus is a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate and ivacaftor is a P-gp inhibitor. Coadministration with P-gp inhibitors may decrease the efflux of everolimus from intestinal cells and increase everolimus blood concentrations.
Exemestane: (Major) If coadministration of exemestane with lumacaftor; ivacaftor is necessary, increase the dose of exemestane to 50 mg once daily after a meal. Exemestane is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased exemestane exposure by 54%.
Ezetimibe; Simvastatin: (Moderate) Monitor for reduced efficacy of simvastatin if coadministered with lumacaftor; ivacaftor. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the systemic exposure of simvastatin. Simvastatin is a sensitive substrate of CYP3A4. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. (Minor) Use caution when administering ivacaftor and simvastatin concurrently. Coadministration of ivacaftor with simvastatin may increase simvastatin exposure leading to increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined. Simvastatin is a sensitive CYP3A4 substrate; ivacaftor is a weak CYP3A4 inhibitor.
Fedratinib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of fedratinib with lumacaftor; ivacaftor as concurrent use may decrease fedratinib exposure which may result in decreased therapeutic response. Fedratinib is a CYP3A4 substrate; lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration of fedratinib with another strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased the overall exposure of fedratinib by 81%. (Major) If fedratinib and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to once daily. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and fedratinib is a moderate CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another moderate CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 3-fold.
Felodipine: (Moderate) Concomitant use of felodipine and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the exposure and therapeutic efficacy of felodipine. If used together, monitor blood pressure closely; the dosage requirements of felodipine may be increased. Felodipine is a CYP3A substrate. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. (Moderate) Use caution when administering ivacaftor and felodipine concurrently. Ivacaftor is an inhibitor of CYP3A. Co-administration of ivacaftor with CYP3A substrates, such as felodipine, can increase felodipine exposure leading to increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events.
Fenfluramine: (Major) Avoid concurrent use of fenfluramine and lumacaftor; ivacaftor due to the risk of decreased fenfluramine plasma concentrations, which may reduce its efficacy. If concomitant use is necessary, monitor for decreased efficacy and consider increasing fenfluramine dose as needed. If lumacaftor; ivacaftor is discontinued during fenfluramine maintenance treatment, consider gradual reduction in the fenfluramine dosage to the dose administered prior to lumacaftor; ivacaftor initiation. Fenfluramine is a CYP3A substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Fentanyl: (Moderate) Consider a reduced dose of fentanyl with frequent monitoring for respiratory depression and sedation if concurrent use of ivacaftor is necessary. If ivacaftor is discontinued, consider increasing the fentanyl dose until stable drug effects are achieved and monitor for evidence of opioid withdrawal. Fentanyl is a CYP3A4 substrate, and coadministration with CYP3A4 inhibitors like ivacaftor can increase fentanyl exposure resulting in increased or prolonged opioid effects including fatal respiratory depression, particularly when an inhibitor is added to a stable dose of fentanyl. If ivacaftor is discontinued, fentanyl plasma concentrations will decrease resulting in reduced efficacy of the opioid and potential withdrawal syndrome in a patient who has developed physical dependence to fentanyl. (Moderate) Consider a reduced dose of fentanyl with frequent monitoring for respiratory depression and sedation if concurrent use of lumacaftor; ivacaftor is necessary. If lumacaftor; ivacaftor is discontinued, consider increasing the fentanyl dose until stable drug effects are achieved and monitor for evidence of opioid withdrawal. Fentanyl is a CYP3A4 substrate, and coadministration with CYP3A4 inhibitors like ivacaftor can increase fentanyl exposure resulting in increased or prolonged opioid effects including fatal respiratory depression, particularly when an inhibitor is added to a stable dose of fentanyl. If lumacaftor; ivacaftor is discontinued, fentanyl plasma concentrations will decrease resulting in reduced efficacy of the opioid and potential withdrawal syndrome in a patient who has developed physical dependence to fentanyl.
Finasteride; Tadalafil: (Major) Avoid coadministration of tadalafil with lumacaftor; ivacaftor in patients with pulmonary hypertension due to decreased plasma concentrations of tadalafil. In patients with erectile dysfunction and/or benign prostatic hyperplasia, consider the potential for loss of efficacy of tadalafil during concurrent administration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor due to reduced tadalafil exposure. Tadalafil is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased tadalafil exposure by 88%.
Finerenone: (Major) Avoid concurrent use of finerenone and lumacaftor; ivacaftor due to the risk for decreased finerenone exposure which may reduce its efficacy. Finerenone is a CYP3A substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inducer decreased overall exposure to finerenone by 90%. (Moderate) Monitor serum potassium during initiation or dose adjustment of either finerenone or ivacaftor; a finerenone dosage reduction may be necessary. Concomitant use may increase finerenone exposure and the risk of hyperkalemia. Finerenone is a CYP3A substrate and ivacaftor is a weak CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another weak CYP3A inhibitor increased overall exposure to finerenone by 21%.
Flibanserin: (Moderate) The concomitant use of flibanserin and multiple weak CYP3A4 inhibitors, including ivacaftor, may increase flibanserin concentrations, which may increase the risk of flibanserin-induced adverse reactions. Therefore, patients should be monitored for hypotension, syncope, somnolence, or other adverse reactions, and the risks of combination therapy with multiple weak CYP3A4 inhibitors and flibanserin should be discussed with the patient.
Fluconazole: (Major) If fluconazole and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to once daily. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate. Coadministration with fluconazole, a moderate CYP3A inhibitor, increased ivacaftor exposure by 3-fold.
Fluoxetine: (Minor) Although an interaction between ivacaftor and fluoxetine is possible, the clinical impact of this interaction has not yet been determined. Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with CYP2C9 substrates. Fluoxetine is partially metabolized by CYP2C9, but it is also a substrate for at least 2 other enzymes. In vitro studies showed ivacaftor to be a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9. Co-administration may possibly lead to increased exposure to fluoxetine; however, because fluoxetine has multiple metabolic pathways, the clinical impact of this inhibition is not clear. In addition, ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate, and fluoxetine is a mild CYP3A inhibitor. Co-administration may lead to increased ivacaftor exposure. (Minor) Concomitant use of fluoxetine and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter fluoxetine exposure; caution and close monitoring are advised if these drugs are used together. Fluoxetine is a substrate of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19. In vitro data suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce CYP2C19 and induce and/or inhibit CYP2C9. Although induction of fluoxetine through the CYP2C19 pathway could potentially lead to decreased drug efficacy, the net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on CYP2C9-mediated metabolism is not clear. Monitor the patient for decreased fluoxetine efficacy or increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events. Of note, norfluoxetine, the active metabolite of fluoxetine, is a moderate CYP3A inhibitor. Although lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a primary substrate of CYP3A, lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage adjustment is not required.
Flurazepam: (Minor) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor is expected to decrease the systemic exposure of flurazepam. If used together, monitor for clinical efficacy. Flurazepam is a CYP3A substrate. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Flurbiprofen: (Minor) Although the clinical significance of this interaction is unknown, concurrent use of flurbiprofen and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter flurbiprofen exposure; caution and monitoring are advised if these drugs are used together. Flurbiprofen is a substrate of CYP2C9. In vitro data suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce and/or inhibit CYP2C9. The net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on CYP2C9-mediated metabolism is not clear, but CYP2C9 substrate exposure may be affected leading to decreased efficacy or increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events. (Minor) Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with CYP2C9 substrates, such as flurbiprofen. In vitro studies showed ivacaftor to be a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9. Co-administration may lead to increased exposure to CYP2C9 substrates; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined.
Fluticasone; Umeclidinium; Vilanterol: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter the exposure of umeclidinium; vilanterol. In vitro data suggest vilanterol is a primary substrate of CYP3A4; both vilanterol and umeclidinium are substrates for P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data suggest lumacaftor; ivacaftor may also induce and/or inhibit P-gp. Although induction of vilanterol metabolism through the CYP3A pathway may lead to decreased drug efficacy, the net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on P-gp transport and its effect on umeclidinium; vilanterol is not clear. Monitor the patient for decreased beta-agonist efficacy or increased or prolonged beta-agonist and/or anticholinergic effects and adverse events. (Minor) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter the exposure of umeclidinium. Umeclidinium is a substrate for P-glycoprotein (P-gp); in vitro data suggest lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce and/or inhibit P-gp. The net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on P-gp transport and its effect on umeclidinium is not clear. Monitor the patient for therapeutic efficacy and increased or prolonged anticholinergic effects.
Fluticasone; Vilanterol: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter the exposure of umeclidinium; vilanterol. In vitro data suggest vilanterol is a primary substrate of CYP3A4; both vilanterol and umeclidinium are substrates for P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data suggest lumacaftor; ivacaftor may also induce and/or inhibit P-gp. Although induction of vilanterol metabolism through the CYP3A pathway may lead to decreased drug efficacy, the net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on P-gp transport and its effect on umeclidinium; vilanterol is not clear. Monitor the patient for decreased beta-agonist efficacy or increased or prolonged beta-agonist and/or anticholinergic effects and adverse events.
Fluvastatin: (Minor) Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with CYP2C9 substrates, such as fluvastatin. In vitro studies showed ivacaftor to be a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9. Co-administration may lead to increased exposure to CYP2C9 substrates; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined.
Fluvoxamine: (Major) If fluvoxamine and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to once daily. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and fluvoxamine is a moderate CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another moderate CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 3-fold.
Food: (Major) Advise patients to avoid cannabis use during lumacaftor; ivacaftor treatment. Concomitant use may decrease the concentration of some cannabinoids and alter their effects. The cannabinoids delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are CYP3A substrates and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Concomitant use of a cannabinoid product containing THC and CBD at an approximate 1:1 ratio with another strong CYP3A inducer decreased THC, 11-OH-THC, and CBD peak exposures by 36%, 87%, and 52% respectively.
Fosamprenavir: (Major) If fosamprenavir and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to once daily. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and fosamprenavir is a moderate CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another moderate CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 3-fold. (Moderate) Monitor for decreased fosamprenavir efficacy if coadministered with lumacaftor; ivacaftor. Concurrent use may decrease the plasma concentrations of fosamprenavir leading to a reduction of antiretroviral efficacy and the potential development of viral resistance. Fosamprenavir is a CYP3A substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inducer decreased the fosamprenavir overall exposure by 82%.
Fosphenytoin: (Major) Coadministration of ivacaftor with fosphenytoin is not recommended due to decreased plasma concentrations of ivacaftor. Ivacaftor is a sensitive CYP3A4 substrate and fosphenytoin is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer significantly decreased ivacaftor exposure by approximately 9-fold. (Major) Concomitant use of phenytoin or fosphenytoin and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is not recommended. Phenytoin may decrease the therapeutic effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor by significantly decreasing the systemic exposure of ivacaftor. Ivacaftor is a substrate of CYP3A, and phenytoin is a potent CYP3A inducer. In a pharmacokinetic study, coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with rifampin, another potent CYP3A inducer, decreased ivacaftor exposure by 57%, with minimal effect on the exposure of lumacaftor. In vitro studies suggest lumacaftor; ivacaftor has the potential to induce CYP2C9 and CYP2C19; inhibition CYP2C9 has also been observed. Because phenytoin is a substrate of these enzymes, altered phenytoin exposure may occur.
Fostamatinib: (Major) Avoid the concomitant use of fostamatinib with lumacaftor; ivacaftor. Concomitant use of fostamatinib with a strong CYP3A4 inducer decreases exposure to the major active metabolite, R406. R406 is extensively metabolized by CYP3A4; lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Concomitant use of fostamatinib with another strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased R406 AUC by 75% and Cmax by 59%.
Futibatinib: (Major) Avoid concurrent use of futibatinib and lumacaftor; ivacaftor. Concomitant use may decrease futibatinib exposure, which may reduce its efficacy. Futibatinib is a substrate of CYP3A and P-gp; lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a dual P-gp and strong CYP3A inducer. Coadministration with another dual P-gp and strong CYP3A inducer decreased futibatinib exposure by 64%.
Ganaxolone: (Major) Avoid concurrent use of ganaxolone and lumacaftor; ivacaftor due to the risk of decreased ganaxolone efficacy. If concomitant use is unavoidable, consider increasing ganaxolone dose without exceeding the maximum daily dose. Ganaxolone is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased ganaxolone overall exposure by 68%.
Gefitinib: (Major) Increase the dose of gefitinib to 500 mg PO once daily if coadministration with lumacaftor; ivacaftor is necessary. If lumacaftor; ivacaftor is discontinued, gefitinib at a dose of 250 mg once d aily may be resumed 7 days later. Gefitinib is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer reduced gefitinib exposure by 83%.
Gilteritinib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of gilteritinib and lumacaftor; ivacaftor due to the potential for decreased gilteritinib exposure and risk of decreased efficacy. Gilteritinib is a P-gp and CYP3A4 substrate; lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a combined P-gp and strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration of another combined P-gp and strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased the gilteritinib AUC by 70% in a drug interaction study.
Glasdegib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of glasdegib and lumacaftor; ivacaftor due to the potential for decreased glasdegib exposure and risk of decreased efficacy. Glasdegib is a CYP3A4 substrate; lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration of a strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased the glasdegib AUC by 70% in a drug interaction study.
Glecaprevir; Pibrentasvir: (Moderate) Caution is advised with coadministration of glecaprevir and lumacaftor; ivacaftor as decreased plasma concentrations of glecaprevir may occur resulting in the potential loss of efficacy of glecaprevir. Glecaprevir is a substrate of CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein (P-gp); lumacaftor is a CYP3A4 inducer as well as an inhibitor and inducer of P-gp. The net effect on P-gp substrates is unknown. (Moderate) Caution is advised with coadministration of pibrentasvir and lumacaftor; ivacaftor as altered plasma concentrations of pibrentasvir may occur resulting in the potential loss of efficacy of pibrentasvir and/or increased adverse effects. Pibrentasvir is a substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp); lumacaftor is an inhibitor and inducer of P-gp. The net effect on P-gp substrates is unknown. (Moderate) Caution is advised with the coadministration of glecaprevir and ivacaftor as coadministration may increase serum concentrations of glecaprevir and increase the risk of adverse effects. Glecaprevir is a substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp); ivacaftor is a P-gp inhibitor.
Glimepiride: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of glimepiride by decreasing its systemic exposure. If used together, monitor blood glucose concentrations closely; a glimepiride dosage adjustment may be required to obtain the desired therapeutic effect. Glimepiride is a CYP2C9 substrate; in vitro studies suggest lumacaftor; ivacaftor has the potential to induce and inhibit CYP2C9. (Minor) Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with CYP2C9 substrates, such as glimepiride. In vitro studies showed ivacaftor to be a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9. Co-administration may lead to increased exposure to CYP2C9 substrates; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined.
Glipizide: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of glipizide by decreasing glipizide's systemic exposure. If used together, monitor blood glucose concentrations closely; the antidiabetic agent may require a dosage adjustment to obtain the desired therapeutic effect. Glipizide is a CYP2C9 substrate; in vitro studies suggest lumacaftor; ivacaftor has the potential to induce and inhibit CYP2C9. Of note, the metabolism of metformin is not affected. (Minor) Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with CYP2C9 substrates, such as glipizide. In vitro studies showed ivacaftor to be a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9. Co-administration may lead to increased exposure to CYP2C9 substrates; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined.
Glipizide; Metformin: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of glipizide by decreasing glipizide's systemic exposure. If used together, monitor blood glucose concentrations closely; the antidiabetic agent may require a dosage adjustment to obtain the desired therapeutic effect. Glipizide is a CYP2C9 substrate; in vitro studies suggest lumacaftor; ivacaftor has the potential to induce and inhibit CYP2C9. Of note, the metabolism of metformin is not affected. (Minor) Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with CYP2C9 substrates, such as glipizide. In vitro studies showed ivacaftor to be a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9. Co-administration may lead to increased exposure to CYP2C9 substrates; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined.
Glyburide: (Moderate) Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with CYP2C9 substrates, such as glyburide. Ivacaftor is an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9; glyburide is metabolized by CYP2C9 and is substrate of Pgp. Co-administration of ivacaftor with Pgp and CYP2C9 substrates, such as glyburide, can theoretically increase glyburide exposure leading to increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined. (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of glyburide by decreasing glyburide's systemic exposure. If used together, monitor blood glucose concentrations closely; the antidiabetic agent may require a dosage adjustment to obtain the desired therapeutic effect. Glyburide is a CYP2C9 substrate; in vitro studies suggest lumacaftor; ivacaftor has the potential to induce and inhibit CYP2C9. Of note, the metabolism of metformin is not affected.
Glyburide; Metformin: (Moderate) Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with CYP2C9 substrates, such as glyburide. Ivacaftor is an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9; glyburide is metabolized by CYP2C9 and is substrate of Pgp. Co-administration of ivacaftor with Pgp and CYP2C9 substrates, such as glyburide, can theoretically increase glyburide exposure leading to increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined. (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of glyburide by decreasing glyburide's systemic exposure. If used together, monitor blood glucose concentrations closely; the antidiabetic agent may require a dosage adjustment to obtain the desired therapeutic effect. Glyburide is a CYP2C9 substrate; in vitro studies suggest lumacaftor; ivacaftor has the potential to induce and inhibit CYP2C9. Of note, the metabolism of metformin is not affected.
Grapefruit juice: (Major) It may be prudent to avoid consumption of grapefruit or grapefruit juice with lumacaftor; ivacaftor if possible. If a patient has taken lumacaftor; ivacaftor uninterrupted for more than 1 week, grapefruit consumption may be acceptable. However, when initiating lumacaftor; ivacaftor, avoid consumption of grapefruit and/or its juice for a minimum of 1 week. If lumacaftor; ivacaftor therapy is interrupted for more than 1 week, consumption of grapefruit and/or its juice should be avoided until lumacaftor; ivacaftor therapy is reinstated for a minimum of 1 week. The 1-week lead-in period allows for lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A to reach steady state. Grapefruit is a potent CYP3A inhibitor, ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate, and lumacaftor is a potent CYP3A inducer. The inhibitory effects of grapefruit and its juice may increase the systemic exposure of ivacaftor. In pharmacokinetic studies, coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with once-daily itraconazole, a strong CYP3A inhibitor, increased ivacaftor exposure by 4.3-fold. However, because lumacaftor is a strong inducer of CYP3A, the net exposure of ivacaftor at steady state is not expected to exceed that achieved with ivacaftor monotherapy (i.e., 150 mg PO every 12 hours). (Major) The manufacturer recommends avoiding grapefruit or Seville oranges during ivacaftor therapy because ivacaftor exposure may be increased. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate. Grapefruit juice and Seville oranges contain components that inhibit CYP3A, and therefore, may reduce ivacaftor metabolism.
Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone: (Moderate) Concomitant use of hydrocodone with lumacaftor; ivacaftor can decrease hydrocodone levels; this may result in decreased efficacy or onset of a withdrawal syndrome in patients who have developed physical dependence. It is recommended to avoid this combination when hydrocodone is being used for cough. If coadministration is necessary, monitor for reduced efficacy of hydrocodone and signs of opioid withdrawal; consider increasing the dose of hydrocodone as needed. If lumacaftor; ivacaftor is discontinued, consider a dose reduction of hydrocodone and frequently monitor for signs or respiratory depression and sedation. Hydrocodone is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. (Moderate) Consider a reduced dose of hydrocodone with frequent monitoring for respiratory depression and sedation if concurrent use of ivacaftor is necessary. Hydrocodone is a CYP3A4 substrate, and coadministration with CYP3A4 inhibitors like ivacaftor can increase hydrocodone exposure resulting in increased or prolonged opioid effects including fatal respiratory depression, particularly when an inhibitor is added to a stable dose of hydrocodone. These effects could be more pronounced in patients also receiving a CYP2D6 inhibitor. If ivacaftor is discontinued, hydrocodone plasma concentrations will decrease resulting in reduced efficacy of the opioid and potential withdrawal syndrome in a patient who has developed physical dependence to hydrocodone.
Guanfacine: (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may significantly decrease guanfacine plasma concentrations. FDA-approved labeling for extended-release (ER) guanfacine recommends that, if these agents are taken together, doubling the recommended dose of guanfacine should be considered; if lumacaftor; ivacaftor is added in a patient already receiving guanfacine, this escalation should occur over 1 to 2 weeks. If lumacaftor; ivacaftor is discontinued, decrease the guanfacine ER dosage back to the recommended dose over 1 to 2 weeks. Specific recommendations for immediate-release (IR) guanfacine are not available. Guanfacine is primarily metabolized by CYP3A4, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer.
Haloperidol: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the systemic exposure and therapeutic efficacy of haloperidol with prolonged (1 to 2 weeks) coadministration. Carefully monitor clinical status when lumacaftor; ivacaftor is administered or discontinued in haloperidol-treated patients. Haloperidol may require dosage adjustment to achieve the desired clinical response. If lumacaftor; ivacaftor is subsequently discontinued, it may be necessary to reduce the haloperidol dosage. Haloperidol is a CYP3A substrate. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Coadministration of haloperidol and rifampin, another strong CYP3A inducer, resulted in a 70% decrease in haloperidol plasma concentrations in 12 schizophrenic patients; correspondingly, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale scores increased from baseline. In 5 other schizophrenic patients also treated with haloperidol and rifampin, antibiotic discontinuation resulted in a 3.3-fold increase in haloperidol concentrations.
Homatropine; Hydrocodone: (Moderate) Concomitant use of hydrocodone with lumacaftor; ivacaftor can decrease hydrocodone levels; this may result in decreased efficacy or onset of a withdrawal syndrome in patients who have developed physical dependence. It is recommended to avoid this combination when hydrocodone is being used for cough. If coadministration is necessary, monitor for reduced efficacy of hydrocodone and signs of opioid withdrawal; consider increasing the dose of hydrocodone as needed. If lumacaftor; ivacaftor is discontinued, consider a dose reduction of hydrocodone and frequently monitor for signs or respiratory depression and sedation. Hydrocodone is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. (Moderate) Consider a reduced dose of hydrocodone with frequent monitoring for respiratory depression and sedation if concurrent use of ivacaftor is necessary. Hydrocodone is a CYP3A4 substrate, and coadministration with CYP3A4 inhibitors like ivacaftor can increase hydrocodone exposure resulting in increased or prolonged opioid effects including fatal respiratory depression, particularly when an inhibitor is added to a stable dose of hydrocodone. These effects could be more pronounced in patients also receiving a CYP2D6 inhibitor. If ivacaftor is discontinued, hydrocodone plasma concentrations will decrease resulting in reduced efficacy of the opioid and potential withdrawal syndrome in a patient who has developed physical dependence to hydrocodone.
Hydrocodone: (Moderate) Concomitant use of hydrocodone with lumacaftor; ivacaftor can decrease hydrocodone levels; this may result in decreased efficacy or onset of a withdrawal syndrome in patients who have developed physical dependence. It is recommended to avoid this combination when hydrocodone is being used for cough. If coadministration is necessary, monitor for reduced efficacy of hydrocodone and signs of opioid withdrawal; consider increasing the dose of hydrocodone as needed. If lumacaftor; ivacaftor is discontinued, consider a dose reduction of hydrocodone and frequently monitor for signs or respiratory depression and sedation. Hydrocodone is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. (Moderate) Consider a reduced dose of hydrocodone with frequent monitoring for respiratory depression and sedation if concurrent use of ivacaftor is necessary. Hydrocodone is a CYP3A4 substrate, and coadministration with CYP3A4 inhibitors like ivacaftor can increase hydrocodone exposure resulting in increased or prolonged opioid effects including fatal respiratory depression, particularly when an inhibitor is added to a stable dose of hydrocodone. These effects could be more pronounced in patients also receiving a CYP2D6 inhibitor. If ivacaftor is discontinued, hydrocodone plasma concentrations will decrease resulting in reduced efficacy of the opioid and potential withdrawal syndrome in a patient who has developed physical dependence to hydrocodone.
Hydrocodone; Ibuprofen: (Moderate) Concomitant use of hydrocodone with lumacaftor; ivacaftor can decrease hydrocodone levels; this may result in decreased efficacy or onset of a withdrawal syndrome in patients who have developed physical dependence. It is recommended to avoid this combination when hydrocodone is being used for cough. If coadministration is necessary, monitor for reduced efficacy of hydrocodone and signs of opioid withdrawal; consider increasing the dose of hydrocodone as needed. If lumacaftor; ivacaftor is discontinued, consider a dose reduction of hydrocodone and frequently monitor for signs or respiratory depression and sedation. Hydrocodone is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. (Moderate) Consider a reduced dose of hydrocodone with frequent monitoring for respiratory depression and sedation if concurrent use of ivacaftor is necessary. Hydrocodone is a CYP3A4 substrate, and coadministration with CYP3A4 inhibitors like ivacaftor can increase hydrocodone exposure resulting in increased or prolonged opioid effects including fatal respiratory depression, particularly when an inhibitor is added to a stable dose of hydrocodone. These effects could be more pronounced in patients also receiving a CYP2D6 inhibitor. If ivacaftor is discontinued, hydrocodone plasma concentrations will decrease resulting in reduced efficacy of the opioid and potential withdrawal syndrome in a patient who has developed physical dependence to hydrocodone. (Minor) Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with CYP2C9 substrates, such as ibuprofen. In vitro studies showed ivacaftor to be a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9. Co-administration may lead to increased exposure to CYP2C9 substrates; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined. (Minor) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter the systemic exposure of ibuprofen. If used together, a dose adjustment of ibuprofen may be required to obtain the desired therapeutic effect and/or avoid adverse effects. Do not exceed the recommended maximum dose. Ibuprofen is a CYP2C9 substrate, and in vitro studies suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor has the potential to induce or inhibit CYP2C9.
Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine: (Moderate) Concomitant use of hydrocodone with lumacaftor; ivacaftor can decrease hydrocodone levels; this may result in decreased efficacy or onset of a withdrawal syndrome in patients who have developed physical dependence. It is recommended to avoid this combination when hydrocodone is being used for cough. If coadministration is necessary, monitor for reduced efficacy of hydrocodone and signs of opioid withdrawal; consider increasing the dose of hydrocodone as needed. If lumacaftor; ivacaftor is discontinued, consider a dose reduction of hydrocodone and frequently monitor for signs or respiratory depression and sedation. Hydrocodone is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. (Moderate) Consider a reduced dose of hydrocodone with frequent monitoring for respiratory depression and sedation if concurrent use of ivacaftor is necessary. Hydrocodone is a CYP3A4 substrate, and coadministration with CYP3A4 inhibitors like ivacaftor can increase hydrocodone exposure resulting in increased or prolonged opioid effects including fatal respiratory depression, particularly when an inhibitor is added to a stable dose of hydrocodone. These effects could be more pronounced in patients also receiving a CYP2D6 inhibitor. If ivacaftor is discontinued, hydrocodone plasma concentrations will decrease resulting in reduced efficacy of the opioid and potential withdrawal syndrome in a patient who has developed physical dependence to hydrocodone.
Ibrexafungerp: (Major) Avoid concurrent administration of ibrexafungerp with combination lumacaftor; ivacaftor. Use of these drugs together is expected to significantly decrease ibrexafungerp exposure, which may reduce its efficacy. Ibrexafungerp is a CYP3A substrate and combination lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Ibrutinib: (Major) Avoid the concomitant use of ibrutinib and lumacaftor; ivacaftor; ibrutinib plasma concentrations may decrease. Ibrutinib is a CYP3A4 substrate; lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased ibrutinib exposure by more than 10-fold.
Ibuprofen: (Minor) Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with CYP2C9 substrates, such as ibuprofen. In vitro studies showed ivacaftor to be a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9. Co-administration may lead to increased exposure to CYP2C9 substrates; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined. (Minor) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter the systemic exposure of ibuprofen. If used together, a dose adjustment of ibuprofen may be required to obtain the desired therapeutic effect and/or avoid adverse effects. Do not exceed the recommended maximum dose. Ibuprofen is a CYP2C9 substrate, and in vitro studies suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor has the potential to induce or inhibit CYP2C9.
Ibuprofen; Famotidine: (Minor) Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with CYP2C9 substrates, such as ibuprofen. In vitro studies showed ivacaftor to be a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9. Co-administration may lead to increased exposure to CYP2C9 substrates; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined. (Minor) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter the systemic exposure of ibuprofen. If used together, a dose adjustment of ibuprofen may be required to obtain the desired therapeutic effect and/or avoid adverse effects. Do not exceed the recommended maximum dose. Ibuprofen is a CYP2C9 substrate, and in vitro studies suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor has the potential to induce or inhibit CYP2C9.
Ibuprofen; Oxycodone: (Moderate) Consider a reduced dose of oxycodone with frequent monitoring for respiratory depression and sedation if concurrent use of ivacaftor is necessary. If ivacaftor is discontinued, consider increasing the oxycodone dose until stable drug effects are achieved and monitor for evidence of opioid withdrawal. Oxycodone is a CYP3A4 substrate, and coadministration with a weak inhibitor like ivacaftor can increase oxycodone exposure resulting in increased or prolonged opioid effects including fatal respiratory depression, particularly when an inhibitor is added to a stable dose of oxycodone. If ivacaftor is discontinued, oxycodone plasma concentrations will decrease resulting in reduced efficacy of the opioid and potential withdrawal syndrome in a patient who has developed physical dependence to oxycodone. (Moderate) Monitor for reduced efficacy of oxycodone and signs of opioid withdrawal if coadministration with lumacaftor; ivacaftor is necessary; consider increasing the dose of oxycodone as needed. If lumacaftor; ivacaftor is discontinued, consider a dose reduction of oxycodone and frequently monitor for signs of respiratory depression and sedation. Oxycodone is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Concomitant use with CYP3A4 inducers can decrease oxycodone concentrations; this may result in decreased efficacy or onset of a withdrawal syndrome in patients who have developed physical dependence. (Minor) Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with CYP2C9 substrates, such as ibuprofen. In vitro studies showed ivacaftor to be a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9. Co-administration may lead to increased exposure to CYP2C9 substrates; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined. (Minor) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter the systemic exposure of ibuprofen. If used together, a dose adjustment of ibuprofen may be required to obtain the desired therapeutic effect and/or avoid adverse effects. Do not exceed the recommended maximum dose. Ibuprofen is a CYP2C9 substrate, and in vitro studies suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor has the potential to induce or inhibit CYP2C9.
Ibuprofen; Pseudoephedrine: (Minor) Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with CYP2C9 substrates, such as ibuprofen. In vitro studies showed ivacaftor to be a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9. Co-administration may lead to increased exposure to CYP2C9 substrates; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined. (Minor) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter the systemic exposure of ibuprofen. If used together, a dose adjustment of ibuprofen may be required to obtain the desired therapeutic effect and/or avoid adverse effects. Do not exceed the recommended maximum dose. Ibuprofen is a CYP2C9 substrate, and in vitro studies suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor has the potential to induce or inhibit CYP2C9.
Idelalisib: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of idelalisib and lumacaftor; ivacaftor as idelalisib exposure may be significantly reduced and efficacy compromised. Additionally, the exposure of ivacaftor may be increased. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage adjustment is not required when idelalisib is started in a patient already taking lumacaftor; ivacaftor. However, if lumacaftor; ivacaftor is initiated in a patient already taking idelalisib, reduce the dose of lumacaftor; ivacaftor to 1 tablet PO daily or 1 packet of oral granules every other day for the first week of treatment, and then increase to the usual recommended daily dose. This dosage adjustment is also necessary if lumacaftor; ivacaftor therapy has been interrupted for more than 1 week and re-initiated while the patient is taking idelalisib. The 1-week lead-in period at the lower lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage allows for lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A to reach steady state. Idelalisib is a substrate and strong inhibitor of CYP3A. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A may decrease the systemic exposure of idelalisib and decrease its therapeutic efficacy. Although idelalisib is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, net ivacaftor exposure at steady state is not expected to exceed that achieved with ivacaftor monotherapy (i.e., 150 mg PO every 12 hours) because of lumacaftor's CYP3A induction. In pharmacokinetic studies, coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with another strong CYP3A4 inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 4.3-fold. (Major) If idelalisib and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to twice weekly. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and idelalisib is a strong CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 8.5-fold.
Ifosfamide: (Moderate) Closely monitor for increased ifosfamide-related toxicities (e.g., neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity) if coadministration with lumacaftor; ivacaftor is necessary; consider adjusting the dose of ifosfamide as clinically appropriate. Ifosfamide is metabolized to its active alkylating metabolites by CYP3A4; lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Concomitant use may increase the formation of the neurotoxic/nephrotoxic ifosfamide metabolite, chloroacetaldehyde.
Iloperidone: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of iloperidone by decreasing its systemic exposure. If used together, monitor the patient for appropriate clinical effects. Iloperidone is a CYP3A substrate. Lumacaftor is a strong inducer of CYP3A.
Imatinib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of imatinib and lumacaftor; ivacaftor if possible due to decreased plasma concentrations of imatinib. If concomitant use is unavoidable, increase the dose of imatinib by at least 50%, carefully monitoring clinical response; imatinib doses up to 1,200 mg per day (600 mg twice daily) have been given to patients receiving concomitant strong CYP3A4 inducers. Imatinib is a CYP3A4 substrate and the net effect of combination lumacaftor; ivacaftor is strong CYP3A4 induction. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer increased imatinib clearance by 3.8-fold, which significantly decreased the mean Cmax and AUC of imatinib. (Major) If imatinib and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to once daily. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and imatinib is a moderate CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another moderate CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 3-fold.
Imipramine: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of imipramine by decreasing its systemic exposure. If used together, monitor patients closely for imipramine efficacy; an imipramine dosage adjustment may be required to obtain the desired therapeutic effect. Although imipramine is a primary substrate of CYP2D6, CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 also contribute to its metabolism. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data also suggest that lumacaftor may induce CYP2C19.
Indacaterol: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter the systemic exposure of indacaterol; use together with caution. Indacaterol is a substrate of CYP3A4 and the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) drug transporter. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data suggests lumacaftor; ivacaftor may also induce and/or inhibit P-gp. While the induction of indacaterol through the CYP3A pathway may lead to decreased plasma concentrations of indacaterol, the net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on P-gp transport is not clear.
Indacaterol; Glycopyrrolate: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter the systemic exposure of indacaterol; use together with caution. Indacaterol is a substrate of CYP3A4 and the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) drug transporter. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data suggests lumacaftor; ivacaftor may also induce and/or inhibit P-gp. While the induction of indacaterol through the CYP3A pathway may lead to decreased plasma concentrations of indacaterol, the net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on P-gp transport is not clear.
Indinavir: (Major) If indinavir and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to twice weekly. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and indinavir is a strong CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 8.5-fold. (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the therapeutic efficacy of indinavir; avoid concurrent use if possible. If concomitant use of indinavir is necessary, monitor antiretroviral efficacy, consider therapeutic drug monitoring, and adjust therapy as necessary. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage adjustment is not required when indinavir is started in a patient already taking lumacaftor; ivacaftor. However, if lumacaftor; ivacaftor is initiated in a patient already taking indinavir, reduce the dose of lumacaftor; ivacaftor to 1 tablet PO daily or 1 packet of oral granules every other day for the first week of treatment, and then increase to the usual recommended daily dose. This dosage adjustment is also necessary if lumacaftor; ivacaftor therapy has been interrupted for more than 1 week and re-initiated while the patient is taking indinavir. The 1-week lead-in period at the lower lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage allows for lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A to reach steady state. Indinavir is a substrate and strong inhibitor of CYP3A. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A may decrease the systemic exposure of indinavir and decrease its therapeutic efficacy. Although indinavir is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, net ivacaftor exposure at steady state is not expected to exceed that achieved with ivacaftor monotherapy (i.e., 150 mg PO every 12 hours) because of lumacaftor's CYP3A induction. In pharmacokinetic studies, coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with another strong CYP3A4 inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 4.3-fold. Lastly, indinavir is also a substrate of the drug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and lumacaftor; ivacaftor has the potential to both induce and inhibit P-gp. The net effect on P-gp substrates is not clear, but their exposure may be affected.
Indomethacin: (Minor) Although the clinical significance of this interaction is unknown, concurrent use of indomethacin and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter indomethacin exposure; caution and close monitoring are advised if these drugs are used together. Indomethacin is a substrate of CYP2C9. In vitro data suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce and/or inhibit CYP2C9. The net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on CYP2C9-mediated metabolism is not clear, but CYP2C9 substrate exposure may be affected leading to decreased efficacy or increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events. (Minor) Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with CYP2C9 substrates, such as indomethacin. In vitro studies showed ivacaftor to be a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9. Co-administration may lead to increased exposure to CYP2C9 substrates; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined.
Infigratinib: (Major) Avoid concurrent use of infigratinib and combination lumacaftor; ivacaftor. Coadministration may decrease infigratinib exposure resulting in decreased efficacy. Infigratinib is a CYP3A4 substrate and combination lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased the AUC of infigratinib by 56%.
Irinotecan Liposomal: (Major) Avoid administration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor during treatment with irinotecan and for at least 2 weeks prior to starting therapy unless there are no therapeutic alternatives. Irinotecan and its active metabolite, SN-38, are CYP3A4 substrates. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with other strong CYP3A4 inducers substantially reduced exposure to irinotecan or SN-38 in both adult and pediatric patients. An appropriate starting dose for patients taking irinotecan with strong CYP3A4 inducers has not been defined.
Irinotecan: (Major) Avoid administration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor during treatment with irinotecan and for at least 2 weeks prior to starting therapy unless there are no therapeutic alternatives. Irinotecan and its active metabolite, SN-38, are CYP3A4 substrates. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with other strong CYP3A4 inducers substantially reduced exposure to irinotecan or SN-38 in both adult and pediatric patients. An appropriate starting dose for patients taking irinotecan with strong CYP3A4 inducers has not been defined.
Isavuconazonium: (Major) Concomitant use of isavuconazonium and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is not recommended because lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the systemic exposure and therapeutic effectiveness of isavuconazonium. If concurrent use cannot be avoided, monitor closely for antifungal efficacy and adjust the dose accordingly. Isavuconazole, the active moiety of isavuconazonium, is a sensitive CYP3A4 substrate, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. (Major) If isavuconazonium and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to once daily. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and isavuconazonium is a moderate CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another moderate CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 3-fold.
Isoniazid, INH; Pyrazinamide, PZA; Rifampin: (Major) Coadministration of ivacaftor with rifampin is not recommended due to decreased plasma concentrations of ivacaftor. Ivacaftor is a sensitive CYP3A4 substrate and rifampin is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with rifampin significantly decreased ivacaftor exposure by approximately 9-fold. (Major) Concomitant use of rifampin and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is not recommended. Rifampin may decrease the therapeutic effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor by significantly decreasing ivacaftor exposure. Ivacaftor is a sensitive substrate of CYP3A, and rifampin is a potent CYP3A inducer. In a pharmacokinetic study, coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with rifampin decreased ivacaftor exposure (AUC) by 57%, with minimal effect on the exposure of lumacaftor.
Isoniazid, INH; Rifampin: (Major) Coadministration of ivacaftor with rifampin is not recommended due to decreased plasma concentrations of ivacaftor. Ivacaftor is a sensitive CYP3A4 substrate and rifampin is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with rifampin significantly decreased ivacaftor exposure by approximately 9-fold. (Major) Concomitant use of rifampin and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is not recommended. Rifampin may decrease the therapeutic effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor by significantly decreasing ivacaftor exposure. Ivacaftor is a sensitive substrate of CYP3A, and rifampin is a potent CYP3A inducer. In a pharmacokinetic study, coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with rifampin decreased ivacaftor exposure (AUC) by 57%, with minimal effect on the exposure of lumacaftor.
Isradipine: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the systemic exposure and therapeutic efficacy of isradipine. If used together, monitor blood pressure closely; the dosage requirements of isradipine may be increased. Isradipine is a CYP3A substrate. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Istradefylline: (Major) Avoid coadministration of istradefylline with lumacaftor; ivacaftor as istradefylline exposure and efficacy may be reduced. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong inducer. Istradefylline exposure was decreased by 81% when administered with a strong inducer in a drug interaction study.
Itraconazole: (Major) Avoid lumacaftor; ivacaftor use during and for up to 2 weeks before and after itraconazole treatment. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the therapeutic efficacy of itraconazole. Consider alternative antifungals such as fluconazole. If concomitant use of itraconazole is necessary, monitor for antifungal efficacy and adjust the dosage as appropriate. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage adjustment is not required when itraconazole is started in a patient already taking lumacaftor; ivacaftor. However, if lumacaftor; ivacaftor is initiated in a patient already taking itraconazole, reduce the dose of lumacaftor; ivacaftor to 1 tablet PO daily or 1 packet of oral granules every other day for the first week of treatment, and then increase to the usual recommended daily dose. This dosage adjustment is also necessary if lumacaftor; ivacaftor therapy has been interrupted for more than 1 week and re-initiated while the patient is taking itraconazole. The 1-week lead-in period at the lower lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage allows for lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A to reach steady state. Itraconazole is a substrate and strong inhibitor of CYP3A. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A may decrease the systemic exposure of itraconazole and decrease its therapeutic efficacy. Although itraconazole is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, net ivacaftor exposure at steady state is not expected to exceed that achieved with ivacaftor monotherapy (i.e., 150 mg PO every 12 hours) because of lumacaftor's CYP3A induction. In pharmacokinetic studies, coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with itraconazole increased ivacaftor exposure by 4.3-fold. Lastly, itraconazole is also a substrate for P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux, and lumacaftor; ivacaftor has the potential to both induce and inhibit P-gp. The net effect on P-gp substrates is not clear, but their exposure may be affected. (Major) If itraconazole and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to twice weekly. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and itraconazole is a strong CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 8.5-fold.
Ivabradine: (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the systemic exposure and therapeutic efficacy of ivabradine; avoid concurrent use. Ivabradine is primarily metabolized by CYP3A4. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Ivosidenib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of ivosidenib with lumacaftor; ivacaftor due to decreased plasma concentrations of ivosidenib. Ivosidenib is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer is predicted to decrease ivosidenib exposure at steady-state by 33%. (Moderate) Monitor for loss of efficacy of ivacaftor during coadministration of ivosidenib; a ivacaftor dose adjustment may be necessary. Ivacaftor is a sensitive substrate of CYP3A4; ivosidenib induces CYP3A4 and may lead to decreased ivacaftor concentrations.
Ixabepilone: (Major) Avoid concurrent use of ixabepilone and lumacaftor; ivacaftor due to decreased plasma concentrations of ixabepilone, which may reduce its efficacy. If concomitant use is unavoidable, gradually increase the dose of ixabepilone as tolerated from 40 mg/m2 to 60 mg/m2 and infuse over 4 hours; monitor carefully for ixabepilone-related toxicities. Ixabepilone is a CYP3A substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inducer decreased ixabepilone exposure by 43%. (Moderate) Monitor for ixabepilone toxicity and reduce the ixabepilone dose as needed if concurrent use of ivacaftor is necessary. Concomitant use may increase ixabepilone exposure and the risk of adverse reactions. Ixabepilone is a CYP3A substrate and ivacaftor a weak CYP3A inhibitor.
Ketoconazole: (Major) Avoid lumacaftor; ivacaftor for 2 weeks prior to and during treatment with ketoconazole. Concomitant use may decrease exposure of ketoconazole and reduce its efficacy. The exposure of lumacaftor; ivacaftor may also be increased. If coadministration cannot be avoided, monitor for decreased efficacy of ketoconazole; a ketoconazole dose increase may be necessary. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage adjustment is not required when ketoconazole is started in a patient already taking lumacaftor; ivacaftor. However, if lumacaftor; ivacaftor is initiated in a patient already taking ketoconazole, reduce the dose of lumacaftor; ivacaftor to 1 tablet PO daily or 1 packet of oral granules every other day for the first week of treatment, and then increase to the usual recommended daily dose. This dosage adjustment is also necessary if lumacaftor; ivacaftor has been interrupted for more than 1 week and re-initiated while the patient is taking ketoconazole. The 1-week lead-in period at the lower lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage allows for lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A4 to reach steady-state. Ketoconazole is a CYP3A substrate and strong CYP3A inhibitor; ivacaftor is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. In pharmacokinetic studies, coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with another strong CYP3A4 inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 4.3-fold. (Major) If ketoconazole and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to twice weekly. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and ketoconazole is a strong CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration increased ivacaftor exposure by 8.5-fold.
Lamivudine; Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate: (Moderate) Caution is advised when administering tenofovir, PMPA, a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate, concurrently with inhibitors of P-gp, such as ivacaftor. Coadministration may result in increased absorption of tenofovir. Monitor for tenofovir-associated adverse reactions.
Lansoprazole: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of lansoprazole by substantially decreasing its systemic exposure. If used together, a lansoprazole dosage adjustment may be necessary to obtain the desired therapeutic effect. Lansoprazole is a CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 substrate. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong inducer of CYP3A; in vitro data suggests is also has the potential to induce CYP2C19.
Lansoprazole; Amoxicillin; Clarithromycin: (Major) Avoid coadministration if possible; lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the therapeutic efficacy of clarithromycin. If concomitant use is necessary, monitor microbiological activity and adjust drug dosages as necessary. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage adjustment is not required when clarithromycin is started in a patient already taking lumacaftor; ivacaftor. However, if lumacaftor; ivacaftor is initiated in a patient already taking clarithromycin, reduce the dose of lumacaftor; ivacaftor to 1 tablet PO daily or 1 packet of oral granules every other day for the first week of treatment, and then increase to the usual recommended daily dose. This dosage adjustment is also necessary if lumacaftor; ivacaftor therapy has been interrupted for more than 1 week and re-initiated while the patient is taking clarithromycin. Clarithromycin is a substrate and strong inhibitor of CYP3A. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Increasing the metabolism of clarithromycin decreases plasma concentrations of clarithromycin, but increases plasma concentrations of 14-OH-clarithromycin (active metabolite); the microbiological activity of each is different for different bacteria. In addition, the inhibitory effects of clarithromycin may increase the systemic exposure of ivacaftor. In pharmacokinetic studies, coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with another strong CYP3A inhibitor, increased ivacaftor exposure by 4.3-fold. However, because lumacaftor is a strong inducer of CYP3A, the net exposure of ivacaftor at steady state is not expected to exceed that achieved with ivacaftor monotherapy (i.e., 150 mg PO every 12 hours). (Major) If clarithromycin and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to twice weekly. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and clarithromycin is a strong CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 8.5-fold. (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of lansoprazole by substantially decreasing its systemic exposure. If used together, a lansoprazole dosage adjustment may be necessary to obtain the desired therapeutic effect. Lansoprazole is a CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 substrate. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong inducer of CYP3A; in vitro data suggests is also has the potential to induce CYP2C19.
Lapatinib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of lapatinib with lumacaftor; ivacaftor due to decreased plasma concentrations of lapatinib. If concomitant use is unavoidable, gradually titrate the dose of lapatinib from 1,250 mg per day to 4,500 mg per day in patients receiving concomitant capecitabine (HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer), and from 1,500 mg per day to 5,500 mg per day in patients receiving concomitant aromatase inhibitor therapy (HR-positive, HER2-positive breast cancer) based on tolerability. If lumacaftor; ivacaftor is discontinued, reduce lapatinib to the indicated dose. Lapatinib is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Concomitant use with another strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased lapatinib exposure by 72%. (Moderate) Monitor for an increase in lapatinib-related adverse reactions if coadministration with ivacaftor is necessary. Lapatinib is a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate and ivacaftor is a P-gp inhibitor. Increased plasma concentrations of lapatinib are likely.
Larotrectinib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of larotrectinib with lumacaftor; ivacaftor due to decreased larotrectinib exposure and risk of decreased efficacy. If coadministration cannot be avoided, double the larotrectinib dose. If lumacaftor; ivacaftor is discontinued, resume the original larotrectinib dose after 3 to 5 elimination half-lives of lumacaftor; ivacaftor. Larotrectinib is a CYP3A4 substrate; lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration of a strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased the larotrectinib AUC by 81% in a drug interaction study.
Ledipasvir; Sofosbuvir: (Minor) Although the clinical significance of this interaction is unknown, concurrent use of ledipasvir; sofosbuvir and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter ledipasvir; sofosbuvir exposure; avoid concurrent use. Both ledipasvir and sofosbuvir are substrates of the drug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp). In vitro data suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor has the potential to both induce and inhibit P-gp. The net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on P-gp transport is not clear, but substrate exposure may be affected. FDA-approved labeling for ledipasvir; sofosbuvir recommends to avoid coadministration with P-gp inducers. (Minor) Although the clinical significance of this interaction is unknown, concurrent use of sofosbuvir and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter sofosbuvir exposure; caution and close monitoring are advised if these drugs are used together. Sofosbuvir is a substrate of the drug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp). In vitro data suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor has the potential to both induce and inhibit P-gp. The net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on P-gp transport is not clear, but substrate exposure may be affected leading to decreased efficacy or increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events. FDA-approved labeling for sofosbuvir recommends to avoid coadministration with potent P-gp inducers.
Lefamulin: (Major) Avoid coadministration of ivacaftor with oral lefamulin unless the benefits outweigh the risks as concurrent use may increase lefamulin exposure and adverse effects; ivacaftor may be administered with intravenous lefamulin. If lefamulin and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to once daily. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Lefamulin is a P-gp substrate and a moderate CYP3A inhibitor, and ivacaftor is a P-gp inhibitor and a CYP3A substrate. Coadministration with another moderate CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 3-fold. (Major) Avoid coadministration of lefamulin with lumacaftor; ivacaftor unless the benefits outweigh the risks due to unpredictable lefamulin exposure. Lefamulin is a CYP3A4 and P-gp substrate; lumacaftor; ivacaftor is both a strong inducer of CYP3A4 as well as a P-gp inhibitor and inducer. The net effect on lefamulin concentrations is unclear.
Lemborexant: (Major) Avoid coadministration of lemborexant and lumacaftor as concurrent use may decrease lemborexant exposure which may reduce efficacy. Lemborexant is a CYP3A4 substrate; lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. (Major) Limit the dose of lemborexant to a maximum of 5 mg PO once daily if coadministered with ivacaftor as concurrent use may increase lemborexant exposure and the risk of adverse effects. Lemborexant is a CYP3A4 substrate; ivacaftor is a weak CYP3A4 inhibitor. Coadministration of lemborexant with a weak CYP3A4 inhibitor is predicted to increase lemborexant exposure by less than 2-fold.
Lenacapavir: (Contraindicated) Concurrent use of lenacapavir and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is contraindicated due to the risk of decreased lenacapavir exposure which may result in loss of therapeutic effect and development of resistance. Lenacapavir is a CYP3A substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Concomitant use with another strong CYP3A inducer reduced lenacapavir overall exposure by 84%. (Major) If lenacapavir and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to once daily. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and lenacapavir is a moderate CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another moderate CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 3-fold.
Leniolisib: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of leniolisib and lumacaftor; ivacaftor. Concomitant use may decrease leniolisib exposure which may reduce its efficacy. Leniolisib is a CYP3A substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Concomitant use with another strong CYP3A inducer reduced leniolisib overall exposure by 78%.
Letermovir: (Major) Concurrent administration of letermovir and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is not recommended. Use of these drugs together may alter letermovir plasma concentrations; decreased letermovir exposure may result in potential loss of letermovir efficacy. Letermovir is a substrate of the drug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Lumacaftor; ivacaftor has potential to both inhibit and induce P-gp. Also, concurrent use may increase ivacaftor plasma concentrations. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate. Letermovir is a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor; however, when given with cyclosporine, the combined effect on CYP3A4 substrates may be similar to a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor. Coadministration with other moderate and strong CYP3A inhibitors increased ivacaftor exposure by 3- and 8.5-fold, respectively. (Major) If letermovir and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to once daily. In patients also receiving cyclosporine, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to twice weekly, because the magnitude of the interaction may be increased. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate. Letermovir is a moderate CYP3A inhibitor; however, when given with cyclosporine, the combined effect on CYP3A substrates may be similar to a strong CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with other moderate and strong CYP3A inhibitors increased ivacaftor exposure by 3- and 8.5-fold, respectively.
Leuprolide; Norethindrone: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of hormonal contraceptives and lumacaftor; ivacaftor, unless the benefits outweigh the risks. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease hormonal contraceptive exposure, reducing efficacy. When coadministered with lumacaftor; ivacaftor, hormonal contraceptives are not a reliable method of effective contraception; instruct patients on alternative methods of birth control. In addition, concomitant use may increase the incidence of menstruation-associated adverse reactions (e.g., amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia).
Levamlodipine: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the systemic exposure and therapeutic efficacy of amlodipine. If used together, monitor blood pressure closely; the dosage requirements of amlodipine may be increased. Amlodipine is a CYP3A substrate. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Levoketoconazole: (Major) Avoid lumacaftor; ivacaftor for 2 weeks prior to and during treatment with ketoconazole. Concomitant use may decrease exposure of ketoconazole and reduce its efficacy. The exposure of lumacaftor; ivacaftor may also be increased. If coadministration cannot be avoided, monitor for decreased efficacy of ketoconazole; a ketoconazole dose increase may be necessary. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage adjustment is not required when ketoconazole is started in a patient already taking lumacaftor; ivacaftor. However, if lumacaftor; ivacaftor is initiated in a patient already taking ketoconazole, reduce the dose of lumacaftor; ivacaftor to 1 tablet PO daily or 1 packet of oral granules every other day for the first week of treatment, and then increase to the usual recommended daily dose. This dosage adjustment is also necessary if lumacaftor; ivacaftor has been interrupted for more than 1 week and re-initiated while the patient is taking ketoconazole. The 1-week lead-in period at the lower lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage allows for lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A4 to reach steady-state. Ketoconazole is a CYP3A substrate and strong CYP3A inhibitor; ivacaftor is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. In pharmacokinetic studies, coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with another strong CYP3A4 inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 4.3-fold. (Major) If ketoconazole and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to twice weekly. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and ketoconazole is a strong CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration increased ivacaftor exposure by 8.5-fold.
Levonorgestrel: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of hormonal contraceptives and lumacaftor; ivacaftor, unless the benefits outweigh the risks. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease hormonal contraceptive exposure, reducing efficacy. When coadministered with lumacaftor; ivacaftor, hormonal contraceptives are not a reliable method of effective contraception; instruct patients on alternative methods of birth control. In addition, concomitant use may increase the incidence of menstruation-associated adverse reactions (e.g., amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia).
Levonorgestrel; Ethinyl Estradiol: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of hormonal contraceptives and lumacaftor; ivacaftor, unless the benefits outweigh the risks. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease hormonal contraceptive exposure, reducing efficacy. When coadministered with lumacaftor; ivacaftor, hormonal contraceptives are not a reliable method of effective contraception; instruct patients on alternative methods of birth control. In addition, concomitant use may increase the incidence of menstruation-associated adverse reactions (e.g., amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia).
Levonorgestrel; Ethinyl Estradiol; Ferrous Bisglycinate: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of hormonal contraceptives and lumacaftor; ivacaftor, unless the benefits outweigh the risks. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease hormonal contraceptive exposure, reducing efficacy. When coadministered with lumacaftor; ivacaftor, hormonal contraceptives are not a reliable method of effective contraception; instruct patients on alternative methods of birth control. In addition, concomitant use may increase the incidence of menstruation-associated adverse reactions (e.g., amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia).
Levonorgestrel; Ethinyl Estradiol; Ferrous Fumarate: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of hormonal contraceptives and lumacaftor; ivacaftor, unless the benefits outweigh the risks. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease hormonal contraceptive exposure, reducing efficacy. When coadministered with lumacaftor; ivacaftor, hormonal contraceptives are not a reliable method of effective contraception; instruct patients on alternative methods of birth control. In addition, concomitant use may increase the incidence of menstruation-associated adverse reactions (e.g., amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia).
Linagliptin: (Moderate) Monitor for a decrease in linagliptin efficacy during concomitant use of linagliptin and lumacaftor; ivacaftor if coadministration is required. Concomitant use may decrease linagliptin exposure. Linagliptin is a CYP3A and P-gp substrate and combination lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Concomitant use with a strong CYP3A and P-gp inducer reduced linagliptin overall exposure by 0.6-fold.
Linagliptin; Metformin: (Moderate) Monitor for a decrease in linagliptin efficacy during concomitant use of linagliptin and lumacaftor; ivacaftor if coadministration is required. Concomitant use may decrease linagliptin exposure. Linagliptin is a CYP3A and P-gp substrate and combination lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Concomitant use with a strong CYP3A and P-gp inducer reduced linagliptin overall exposure by 0.6-fold.
Lomitapide: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of lomitapide by decreasing its systemic exposure. If used together, monitor patients closely for loss of lomitapide efficacy; a lomitapide dosage adjustment may be required to obtain the desired therapeutic effect. Lomitapide is a substrate of CYP3A4; lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Lonafarnib: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of lonafarnib and ivacaftor due to the risk of increased exposure and adverse effects from both drugs. If coadministration is unavoidable, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to twice weekly and reduce to or continue lonafarnib at a dosage or 115 mg/m2. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Lonafarnib is a CYP2C9 and CYP3A substrate and strong CYP3A inhibitor; ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and CYP2C9 and weak CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 8.5-fold. (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage adjustment is not required when lonafarnib is started in a patient already taking lumacaftor; ivacaftor. However, if lumacaftor; ivacaftor is initiated in a patient already taking lonafarnib, reduce the dose of lumacaftor; ivacaftor to 1 tablet PO daily or 1 packet of oral granules every other day for the first week of treatment, and then increase to the usual recommended daily dose. This dosage adjustment is also necessary if lumacaftor; ivacaftor therapy has been interrupted for more than 1 week and re-initiated while the patient is taking lonafarnib. The 1-week lead-in period at the lower lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage allows for lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A4 to reach steady state. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A4 substrate, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Although lonafarnib is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, net ivacaftor exposure at steady state is not expected to exceed that achieved with ivacaftor monotherapy because of lumacaftor's CYP3A4 induction. In pharmacokinetic studies, coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with another strong CYP3A4 inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 4.3-fold.
Loperamide: (Moderate) Monitor for loperamide-associated adverse reactions, such as CNS effects and cardiac toxicities (i.e., syncope, ventricular tachycardia, QT prolongation, torsade de pointes, cardiac arrest), if coadministered with ivacaftor. Concurrent use may increase loperamide exposure. Loperamide is a P-gp substrate and ivacaftor is a P-gp inhibitor. Coadministration with another P-gp inhibitor increased loperamide plasma concentrations by 2- to 3-fold.
Loperamide; Simethicone: (Moderate) Monitor for loperamide-associated adverse reactions, such as CNS effects and cardiac toxicities (i.e., syncope, ventricular tachycardia, QT prolongation, torsade de pointes, cardiac arrest), if coadministered with ivacaftor. Concurrent use may increase loperamide exposure. Loperamide is a P-gp substrate and ivacaftor is a P-gp inhibitor. Coadministration with another P-gp inhibitor increased loperamide plasma concentrations by 2- to 3-fold.
Lopinavir; Ritonavir: (Major) If ritonavir and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to twice weekly. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and ritonavir is a strong CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 8.5-fold. (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the therapeutic efficacy of lopinavir; avoid concurrent use if possible. If concomitant use of lopinavir is necessary, monitor antiretroviral efficacy and adjust therapy as necessary. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage adjustment is not required when lopinavir is started in a patient already taking lumacaftor; ivacaftor. However, if lumacaftor; ivacaftor is initiated in a patient already taking lopinavir, reduce the dose of lumacaftor; ivacaftor to 1 tablet PO daily or 1 packet of oral granules every other day for the first week of treatment, and then increase to the usual recommended daily dose. This dosage adjustment is also necessary if lumacaftor; ivacaftor therapy has been interrupted for more than 1 week and re-initiated while the patient is taking lopinavir. The 1-week lead-in period at the lower lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage allows for lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A to reach steady state. Lopinavir is a substrate of CYP3A. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A may decrease the systemic exposure of lopinavir and decrease its therapeutic efficacy. (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the therapeutic efficacy of ritonavir; avoid concurrent use if possible. If concomitant use of ritonavir is necessary, monitor antiretroviral efficacy and adjust therapy as necessary. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage adjustment is not required when ritonavir is started in a patient already taking lumacaftor; ivacaftor. However, if lumacaftor; ivacaftor is initiated in a patient already taking ritonavir, reduce the dose of lumacaftor; ivacaftor to 1 tablet PO daily or 1 packet of oral granules every other day for the first week of treatment, and then increase to the usual recommended daily dose. This dosage adjustment is also necessary if lumacaftor; ivacaftor therapy has been interrupted for more than 1 week and re-initiated while the patient is taking ritonavir. The 1-week lead-in period at the lower lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage allows for lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A to reach steady state. Ritonavir is a substrate and strong inhibitor of CYP3A. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A may decrease the systemic exposure of ritonavir and decrease its therapeutic efficacy. Although ritonavir is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, net ivacaftor exposure at steady state is not expected to exceed that achieved with ivacaftor monotherapy (i.e., 150 mg PO every 12 hours) because of lumacaftor's CYP3A induction. In pharmacokinetic studies, coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with another strong CYP3A4 inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 4.3-fold. Lastly, ritonavir is also a substrate of the drug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and lumacaftor; ivacaftor has the potential to both induce and inhibit P-gp. The net effect on P-gp substrates is not clear, but their exposure may be affected.
Lorlatinib: (Contraindicated) Coadministration of lorlatinib with lumacaftor; ivacaftor is contraindicated due to the risk severe hepatotoxicity as well as decreased lorlatinib exposure which may reduce its efficacy. Discontinue lumacaftor; ivacaftor for 3 plasma half-lives prior to initiating therapy with lorlatinib. Lorlatinib is a CYP3A substrate and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inducer decreased lorlatinib exposure by 85% and caused severe (grade 3 or 4) hepatotoxicity in 83% of patients.
Losartan: (Moderate) Concomitant use of losartan and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter the therapeutic effects of losartan; caution and close monitoring of blood pressure are advised if these drugs are used together. Losartan is primarily metabolized by CYP2C9 and is also a substrate of CYP3A4. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce and/or inhibit CYP2C9. Although induction of losartan through the CYP3A pathway may lead to decreased drug efficacy, the net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on CYP2C9-mediated metabolism is not clear. Monitor the patient for decreased losartan efficacy or increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events. (Moderate) Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with CYP2C9 substrates, such as losartan. Ivacaftor is an inhibitor of CYP3A and a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9; losartan is metabolized by CYP3A and CYP2C9. Co-administration of ivacaftor with CYP3A and CYP2C9 substrates,such as losartan, can theoretically increase losartan exposure leading to increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined.
Losartan; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Concomitant use of losartan and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter the therapeutic effects of losartan; caution and close monitoring of blood pressure are advised if these drugs are used together. Losartan is primarily metabolized by CYP2C9 and is also a substrate of CYP3A4. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce and/or inhibit CYP2C9. Although induction of losartan through the CYP3A pathway may lead to decreased drug efficacy, the net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on CYP2C9-mediated metabolism is not clear. Monitor the patient for decreased losartan efficacy or increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events. (Moderate) Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with CYP2C9 substrates, such as losartan. Ivacaftor is an inhibitor of CYP3A and a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9; losartan is metabolized by CYP3A and CYP2C9. Co-administration of ivacaftor with CYP3A and CYP2C9 substrates,such as losartan, can theoretically increase losartan exposure leading to increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined.
Lovastatin: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the systemic exposure of lovastatin; if used together, monitor serum lipid concentrations. Lovastatin is a substrate of CYP3A4. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. (Moderate) Monitoring for lovastatin-related adverse events (i.e., myopathy, rhabdomyolysis) is recommended if administered concurrently with ivacaftor. Coadministration can increase lovastatin exposure leading to increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events. Lovastatin is a CYP3A4 substrate; ivacaftor is a weak CYP3A4 inhibitor.
Lumateperone: (Major) Avoid coadministration of lumateperone and lumacaftor; ivacaftor as concurrent use may decrease lumateperone exposure which may reduce efficacy. Lumateperone is a CYP3A4 substrate; lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration of lumateperone with a strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased lumateperone overall exposure by greater than 30-fold.
Lurasidone: (Contraindicated) Concomitant use of lumacaftor; ivacaftor and lurasidone is contraindicated. Lurasidone is predominantly metabolized via CYP3A4. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. During pharmacokinetic trials, the Cmax and AUC of lurasidone decreased to one-seventh and one-fifth, respectively, of lurasidone alone when a single 40 mg dose was coadministered with rifampin (600 mg/day for 8 days), another strong CYP3A inducer.
Lurbinectedin: (Major) Avoid coadministration of lurbinectedin and lumacaftor; ivacaftor due to the risk of decreased lurbinectedin exposure which may reduce its efficacy. Lurbinectedin is a CYP3A substrate and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Macimorelin: (Major) Discontinue lumacaftor; ivacaftor and allow a sufficient washout period to pass before administering macimorelin. Use of these drugs together can decrease macimorelin plasma concentrations, and may result in a false positive test for growth hormone deficiency. Drug interaction studies involving macimorelin have not been conducted; however, macimorelin is primarily metabolized by CYP3A4 and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. In a drug interaction study, concurrent administration of lumacaftor with a sensitive CYP3A substrate decreased exposure of that substrate by 80%.
Macitentan: (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of macitentan by significantly decreasing its systemic exposure; avoid concomitant use. Macitentan is primarily metabolized via CYP3A4, with a minor contribution from CYP2C19. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data suggest lumacaftor; ivacaftor may also induce CYP2C19.
Maraviroc: (Major) Coadministration of maraviroc, a CYP3A substrate, and lumacaftor; ivacaftor, a strong CYP3A inducer, without a concomitant strong CYP3A inhibitor may decrease maraviroc concentrations, therefore, the adult maraviroc dose should be increased to 600 mg PO twice daily when coadministered with lumacaftor; ivacaftor without a concomitant strong CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration of maraviroc and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is contraindicated in patients with CrCl less than 30 mL/min. For pediatric patients, concomitant use of maraviroc with a strong CYP3A inducer, without a strong CYP3A inhibitor, is not recommended. If the patient's medication regimen also contains a strong CYP3A inhibitor, the CYP3A inhibitor's actions are expected to exceed that of the inducer; overall, increased maraviroc concentrations are expected. (Minor) Use caution if coadministration of maraviroc with ivacaftor is necessary, due to a possible increase in maraviroc exposure. Maraviroc is a CYP3A and P-glycoprotein (Pgp) substrate and ivacaftor is a weak CYP3A4/Pgp inhibitor. Monitor for an increase in adverse effects with concomitant use.
Maribavir: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of maribavir and lumacaftor; ivacaftor. Coadministration may decrease maribavir exposure resulting in reduced virologic response. Maribavir is a CYP3A substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inducer decreased the exposure of maribavir by 60%.
Mavacamten: (Contraindicated) Mavacamten is contraindicated for use with lumacaftor; ivacaftor due to risk for reduced mavacamten efficacy. Concomitant use decreases mavacamten exposure. Mavacamten is a CYP3A substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. The impact that a CYP3A inducer may have on mavacamten overall exposure varies based on the patient's CYP2C19 metabolizer status. Concomitant use of a strong CYP3A inducer is predicted to decrease mavacamten overall exposure by 69% and 87% in poor and normal CYP2C19 metabolizers, respectively.
Medroxyprogesterone: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of medroxyprogesterone and lumacaftor; ivacaftor, unless the benefits outweigh the risks. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease medroxyprogesterone, reducing efficacy. When coadministered with lumacaftor; ivacaftor, hormonal contraceptives are not a reliable method of effective contraception; instruct patients on alternative and/or additional methods of birth control. In addition, concomitant use of hormonal contraceptives and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may increase the incidence of menstruation-associated adverse reactions (e.g., amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia). Patients taking medroxyprogesterone for other indications should be monitored for clinical efficacy of the progestin. Medroxyprogesterone is primarily metabolized in vitro via CYP3A4. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Mefloquine: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of mefloquine by decreasing its systemic exposure; caution and close monitoring are advised if these drugs are used together. Mefloquine is a substrate of CYP3A (in vivo) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) (in vitro). Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data also suggest lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce and/or inhibit P-gp. Although induction of mefloquine through the CYP3A pathway may lead to decreased drug efficacy, the net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on P-gp transport is not clear. Coadministration of mefloquine and rifampin , another strong CYP3A inducer, resulted in a 19% and 68% decrease in mean Cmax and AUC, respectively; mefloquine half-life decreased from 305 hours to 113 hours.
Meloxicam: (Moderate) Consider a meloxicam dose reduction and monitor for adverse reactions if coadministration with ivacaftor is necessary. Concurrent use may increase meloxicam exposure. Meloxicam is a CYP2C9 substrate and ivacaftor is a weak CYP2C9 inhibitor. (Minor) Concomitant use of meloxicam and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter meloxicam exposure; caution and close monitoring are advised if these drugs are used together. Meloxicam is primarily metabolized by CYP2C9 and is also a substrate of CYP3A4. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data also suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce and/or inhibit CYP2C9. Although induction of meloxicam through the secondary CYP3A pathway may lead to minor decreases in drug efficacy, the net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on CYP2C9-mediated metabolism is not clear. Monitor the patient for decreased meloxicam efficacy or increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events.
Metformin; Repaglinide: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of repaglinide by decreasing its systemic exposure. If used together, monitor blood glucose concentrations closely; a repaglinide dosage adjustment may be required to obtain the desired therapeutic effect. Repaglinide is metabolized by CYP3A and CYP2C8. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong inducer of CYP3A; in vitro studies suggest lumacaftor also has the potential to induce and inhibit CYP2C8.
Metformin; Rosiglitazone: (Moderate) Although the clinical significance of this interaction is unknown, concurrent use of rosiglitazone and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter the therapeutic effects of rosiglitazone; caution and close monitoring of blood glucose are advised if these drugs are administered together. Rosiglitazone is a substrate of CYP2C8 and CYP2C9. In vitro data suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce and/or inhibit CYP2C8 and CYP2C9. The net effect on these substrates is not clear, but their exposure may be affected leading to decreased efficacy or increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events.
Metformin; Saxagliptin: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the systemic exposure of saxagliptin; if used together, monitor blood glucose concentrations closely. Saxagliptin is a substrate of CYP3A (primary). Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Induction of saxagliptin metabolism through the CYP3A pathway may lead to decreased drug efficacy.
Methadone: (Moderate) Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with CYP2C9 substrates, such as methadone. Ivacaftor is an inhibitor of CYP3A, P-glycoprotein (Pgp), and a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9; methadone is metabolized by CYP3A4, CYP2C9, and is a substrate of Pgp. Co-administration of ivacaftor with CYP3A, CYP2C9, and Pgp substrates,such as methadone may increase methadone exposure leading to increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined. (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of methadone by decreasing its systemic exposure. If used together, monitor patients closely for loss of methadone efficacy; a methadone dosage adjustment may be required to obtain the desired therapeutic effect. Methadone is a substrate of CYP3A4 (primary), CYP2B6, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data also suggest that lumacaftor may induce CYP2B6 and CYP2C19 and induce and/or inhibit CYP2C9.
Methylprednisolone: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of methylprednisolone by decreasing systemic exposure of the corticosteroid. If used together, a higher systemic corticosteroid dose may be required to obtain the desired therapeutic effect. Methylprednisolone is a CYP3A4 substrate. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Midazolam: (Major) Concomitant use of midazolam and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is not recommended; if sedation or anxiolysis is needed, consider alternative therapy. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the therapeutic effect of midazolam by decreasing systemic exposure. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong inducer of CYP3A, and midazolam is a CYP3A substrate. (Moderate) Use caution when administering ivacaftor and midazolam concurrently because patients are at increased risk for adverse effects from midazolam. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A inhibitor, and midazolam is a CYP3A substrate. When administered with ivacaftor, midazolam exposure was increased by 1.5-fold.
Midostaurin: (Major) Avoid the concomitant use of midostaurin and lumacaftor; ivacaftor as midostaurin exposure may be decreased, which may reduce its efficacy. Midostaurin is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inducer decreased the exposure of midostaurin and its metabolites CGP62221 and CGP52421 by 96%, 92%, and 59%, respectively.
Mifepristone: (Major) If mifepristone and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to twice weekly. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and mifepristone is a strong CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 8.5-fold. (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the therapeutic efficacy of mifepristone; avoid concurrent use if possible. If coadministration is necessary, monitor efficacy and adjust drug dosages as necessary. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage adjustment is not required when mifepristone is started in a patient already taking lumacaftor; ivacaftor. However, if lumacaftor; ivacaftor is initiated in a patient already taking mifepristone, reduce the dose of lumacaftor; ivacaftor to 1 tablet PO daily or 1 packet of oral granules every other day for the first week of treatment, and then increase to the usual recommended daily dose. This dosage adjustment is also necessary if lumacaftor; ivacaftor therapy has been interrupted for more than 1 week and re-initiated while the patient is taking mifepristone. The 1-week lead-in period at the lower lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage allows for lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A to reach steady state. Mifepristone is a substrate and strong inhibitor of CYP3A. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A may decrease the systemic exposure of mifepristone and decrease its therapeutic efficacy. Although mifepristone is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, net ivacaftor exposure at steady state is not expected to exceed that achieved with ivacaftor monotherapy (i.e., 150 mg PO every 12 hours) because of lumacaftor's CYP3A induction. In pharmacokinetic studies, coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with another strong CYP3A4 inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 4.3-fold.
Mirtazapine: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of mirtazapine by decreasing its systemic exposure; if used together, it may be necessary to increase the mirtazapine dose to achieve clinical efficacy. If lumacaftor; ivacaftor is subsequently discontinued, consider mirtazapine dosage reduction. Mirtazapine is a substrate of CYP3A. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. At steady state, carbamazepine and phenytoin, both strong inducers of CYP3A, increased mirtazapine clearance approximately 2-fold, resulting in respective decreases of 60% and 45% in average plasma mirtazapine concentrations.
Mitapivat: (Major) Avoid coadministration of mitapivat with lumacaftor; ivacaftor due to decreased mitapivat efficacy. Coadministration decreases mitapivat concentrations. Mitapivat is a CYP3A substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inducer decreased mitapivat overall exposure by 91% to 95%.
Mitotane: (Major) Coadministration of ivacaftor with mitotane is not recommended due to decreased plasma concentrations of ivacaftor. Ivacaftor is a sensitive CYP3A4 substrate and mitotane is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer significantly decreased ivacaftor exposure by approximately 9-fold.
Mobocertinib: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of mobocertinib and lumacaftor; ivacaftor. Coadministration may decrease mobocertinib exposure resulting in decreased efficacy. Mobocertinib is a CYP3A substrate and combination lumacaftor; ivacaftor acts as a strong CYP3A inducer. Use of a strong CYP3A inducer is predicted to decrease the overall exposure of mobocertinib and its active metabolites by 92%.
Montelukast: (Minor) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the systemic exposure of montelukast. However, dosage adjustment is not likely to be needed. If used together, the manufacturer recommends monitoring for proper montelukast effectiveness as a precaution. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer, and in vitro studies suggest lumacaftor; ivacaftor has the potential to induce CYP2C8 and CYP2C9. Montelukast is metabolized by CYP2C8 (primary), and also CYP2C9 and CYP3A4.
Morphine: (Moderate) Use caution when administering ivacaftor and morphine concurrently. Ivacaftor is an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Coadministration of ivacaftor with P-gp substrates, such as morphine, can increase morphine exposure leading to increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events. (Minor) Although the clinical significance of this interaction is unknown, concurrent use of morphine and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter morphine exposure; caution and close monitoring are advised if these drugs are used together. Morphine is a substrate of the drug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp). In vitro data suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor has the potential to both induce and inhibit P-gp. The net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on P-gp transport is not clear, but substrate exposure may be affected leading to decreased efficacy or increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events.
Morphine; Naltrexone: (Moderate) Use caution when administering ivacaftor and morphine concurrently. Ivacaftor is an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Coadministration of ivacaftor with P-gp substrates, such as morphine, can increase morphine exposure leading to increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events. (Minor) Although the clinical significance of this interaction is unknown, concurrent use of morphine and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter morphine exposure; caution and close monitoring are advised if these drugs are used together. Morphine is a substrate of the drug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp). In vitro data suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor has the potential to both induce and inhibit P-gp. The net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on P-gp transport is not clear, but substrate exposure may be affected leading to decreased efficacy or increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events.
Naldemedine: (Major) Avoid coadministration of naldemedine with strong CYP3A4 inducers. Naldemedine is metabolized primarily by the CYP3A enzyme system. Strong CYP3A4 inducers, such as lumacaftor, significantly decrease plasma naldemedine concentrations and may decrease the efficacy of naldemedine treatment.
Naloxegol: (Major) Coadministration of naloxegol with lumacaftor; ivacaftor is not recommended due to the potential for decreased naloxegol efficacy. Naloxegol is a CYP3A4 substrate; lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased naloxegol exposure by 89%.
Nanoparticle Albumin-Bound Paclitaxel: (Moderate) Monitor for decreased efficacy of nab-paclitaxel if coadministration with lumacaftor; ivacaftor is necessary due to the risk of decreased plasma concentrations of paclitaxel. Nab-paclitaxel is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer.
Nanoparticle Albumin-Bound Sirolimus: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of sirolimus and ivacaftor. Coadministration may increase sirolimus concentrations and increase the risk for sirolimus-related adverse effects. Sirolimus is a CYP3A and P-gp substrate and ivacaftor is a weak CYP3A and P-gp inhibitor. (Major) Avoid concomitant use of sirolimus and lumacaftor; ivacaftor as use may decrease sirolimus exposure and efficacy. Sirolimus is a CYP3A and P-gp substrate and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A and P-gp inducer.
Naproxen: (Moderate) Although the clinical significance of this interaction is unknown, concurrent use of naproxen and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter naproxen exposure; caution and monitoring are advised if these drugs are administered together. Naproxen is a substrate of CYP2C9 (primary) and CYP2C8. In vitro data suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce and/or inhibit CYP2C8 and CYP2C9. The net effect on these substrates is not clear, but their exposure may be affected leading to decreased efficacy or increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events. (Minor) Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with CYP2C9 substrates, such as naproxen. In vitro studies showed ivacaftor to be a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9. Co-administration may lead to increased exposure to CYP2C9 substrates; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined.
Naproxen; Esomeprazole: (Moderate) Although the clinical significance of this interaction is unknown, concurrent use of naproxen and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter naproxen exposure; caution and monitoring are advised if these drugs are administered together. Naproxen is a substrate of CYP2C9 (primary) and CYP2C8. In vitro data suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce and/or inhibit CYP2C8 and CYP2C9. The net effect on these substrates is not clear, but their exposure may be affected leading to decreased efficacy or increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events. (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of esomeprazole by substantially decreasing its systemic exposure. If used together, an esomeprazole dosage adjustment may be necessary to obtain the desired therapeutic effect. Esomeprazole is a CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 substrate. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong inducer of CYP3A; in vitro data suggests is also has the potential to induce CYP2C19. (Minor) Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with CYP2C9 substrates, such as naproxen. In vitro studies showed ivacaftor to be a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9. Co-administration may lead to increased exposure to CYP2C9 substrates; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined.
Naproxen; Pseudoephedrine: (Moderate) Although the clinical significance of this interaction is unknown, concurrent use of naproxen and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter naproxen exposure; caution and monitoring are advised if these drugs are administered together. Naproxen is a substrate of CYP2C9 (primary) and CYP2C8. In vitro data suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce and/or inhibit CYP2C8 and CYP2C9. The net effect on these substrates is not clear, but their exposure may be affected leading to decreased efficacy or increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events. (Minor) Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with CYP2C9 substrates, such as naproxen. In vitro studies showed ivacaftor to be a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9. Co-administration may lead to increased exposure to CYP2C9 substrates; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined.
Nateglinide: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter the therapeutic effects of nateglinide; caution and close monitoring of blood glucose are advised if these drugs are used together. Nateglinide is primarily metabolized by CYP2C9. In vitro data suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce and/or inhibit CYP2C9. The net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on CYP2C9-mediated metabolism is not clear. Monitor the patient for decreased nateglinide efficacy or increased or prolonged therapeutic effects, including hypoglycemia and adverse events. (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose and for signs of hypoglycemia. Ivacaftor is a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9; nateglinide is metabolized by CYP2C9. Use of ivacaftor with nateglinide can theoretically increase nateglinide exposure leading to increased or prolonged therapeutic effects; however, the clinical impact of this potential interaction has not yet been determined.
Nefazodone: (Major) If nefazodone and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to twice weekly. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and nefazodone is a strong CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 8.5-fold. (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the therapeutic efficacy of nefazodone; avoid concurrent use if possible. If concomitant use of nefazodone is necessary, monitor for efficacy and adjust drug dosages as necessary. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage adjustment is not required when nefazodone is started in a patient already taking lumacaftor; ivacaftor. However, if lumacaftor; ivacaftor is initiated in a patient already taking nefazodone, reduce the dose of lumacaftor; ivacaftor to 1 tablet PO daily or 1 packet of oral granules every other dayfor the first week of treatment, and then increase to the usual recommended daily dose. This dosage adjustment is also necessary if lumacaftor; ivacaftor therapy has been interrupted for more than 1 week and re-initiated while the patient is taking nefazodone. The 1-week lead-in period at the lower lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage allows for lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A to reach steady state. Nefazodone is a substrate and strong inhibitor of CYP3A. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A may decrease the systemic exposure of nefazodone and decrease its therapeutic efficacy. Although nefazodone is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, net ivacaftor exposure at steady state is not expected to exceed that achieved with ivacaftor monotherapy (i.e., 150 mg PO every 12 hours) because of lumacaftor's CYP3A induction. In pharmacokinetic studies, coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with another strong CYP3A4 inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 4.3-fold.
Nelfinavir: (Major) If nelfinavir and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to twice weekly. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and nelfinavir is a strong CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 8.5-fold. (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the therapeutic efficacy of nelfinavir; avoid concurrent use if possible. If concomitant use of nelfinavir is necessary, monitor antiretroviral efficacy, consider the use of therapeutic drug monitoring, and adjust therapy as necessary. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage adjustment is not required when nelfinavir is started in a patient already taking lumacaftor; ivacaftor. However, if lumacaftor; ivacaftor is initiated in a patient already taking nelfinavir, reduce the dose of lumacaftor; ivacaftor to 1 tablet PO daily or 1 packet of oral granules every other day for the first week of treatment, and then increase to the usual recommended daily dose. This dosage adjustment is also necessary if lumacaftor; ivacaftor therapy has been interrupted for more than 1 week and re-initiated while the patient is taking nelfinavir. The 1-week lead-in period at the lower lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage allows for lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A to reach steady state. Nelfinavir is a substrate and strong inhibitor of CYP3A. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A may decrease the systemic exposure of nelfinavir and decrease its therapeutic efficacy. Although nelfinavir is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, net ivacaftor exposure at steady state is not expected to exceed that achieved with ivacaftor monotherapy (i.e., 150 mg PO every 12 hours) because of lumacaftor's CYP3A induction. In pharmacokinetic studies, coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with another strong CYP3A4 inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 4.3-fold. Lastly, nelfinavir is also a substrate of CYP2C19 and the drug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and lumacaftor; ivacaftor has the potential to induce CYP2C19 and both induce and inhibit P-gp.
Neratinib: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with neratinib due to decreased efficacy of neratinib. Neratinib is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased neratinib exposure by 87%, while exposure to active metabolites M6 and M7 were reduced by 37% to 49%. Concomitant use with other strong inducers of CYP3A4 may also decrease neratinib concentrations.
Netupitant, Fosnetupitant; Palonosetron: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of netupitant; palonosetron in patients who are taking ivacaftor; lumacaftor. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the antiemetic efficacy of netupitant; palonosetron by significantly decreasing the systemic exposure of netupitant. Netupitant is extensively metabolized primarily by CYP3A4, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Palonosetron is also partially metabolized via CYP3A4, although in vitro studies suggest this is not its primary metabolic pathway. In addition, netupitant is a moderate inhibitor of CYP3A. Because ivacaftor is primarily metabolized by CYP3A, systemic exposure could theoretically increase when given with a CYP3A inhibitor; however, intermittent single-dose use of netupitant; palonosetron and the CYP3A induction effects of lumacaftor on ivacaftor make the clinical relevance of this interaction unlikely. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage adjustments are not recommended with concomitant use of a moderate CYP3A inhibitor such as netupitant. (Major) If netupitant and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to once daily. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and netupitant is a moderate CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another moderate CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 3-fold.
Nevirapine: (Moderate) Use caution and monitor for decreased efficacy of nevirapine if coadministered with lumacaftor; ivacaftor . Concurrent use may decrease the plasma concentrations of nevirapine leading to a reduction of antiretroviral efficacy and the potential development of viral resistance. Nevirapine is a CYP3A substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inducer decreased nevirapine exposure by greater than 50%.
Niacin; Simvastatin: (Moderate) Monitor for reduced efficacy of simvastatin if coadministered with lumacaftor; ivacaftor. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the systemic exposure of simvastatin. Simvastatin is a sensitive substrate of CYP3A4. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. (Minor) Use caution when administering ivacaftor and simvastatin concurrently. Coadministration of ivacaftor with simvastatin may increase simvastatin exposure leading to increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined. Simvastatin is a sensitive CYP3A4 substrate; ivacaftor is a weak CYP3A4 inhibitor.
Nifedipine: (Major) Avoid coadministration of nifedipine and lumacaftor; ivacaftor and consider alternative therapy if possible. If coadministration is necessary, monitor the patient closely for desired cardiovascular effects on heart rate, blood pressure, or chest pain. The FDA-approved labeling for some nifedipine products contraindicates coadministration with strong CYP3A4 inducers, while other manufacturers classify the recommendation as a warning. Nifedipine is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration of nifedipine with another strong CYP3A4 inducer reduced the AUC and Cmax of nifedipine by approximately 70%. (Moderate) Use caution when administering ivacaftor and nifedipine concurrently. Ivacaftor is an inhibitor of CYP3A. Co-administration of ivacaftor with CYP3A substrates, such as nifedipine, can increase nifedipine exposure leading to increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events.
Nilotinib: (Major) Avoid the concomitant use of nilotinib and lumacaftor; ivacaftor because significantly decreased nilotinib exposure and reduced nilotinib efficacy may occur. Nilotinib is a CYPA4 substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. In a drug interaction study, coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased nilotinib exposure by approximately 80%. (Major) If nilotinib and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to once daily. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and nilotinib is a moderate CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another moderate CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 3-fold.
Nimodipine: (Major) Concomitant use of lumacaftor; ivacaftor and nimodipine should generally be avoided, as the systemic exposure and therapeutic efficacy of nimodipine may be significantly reduced. If coadministration is necessary, monitor patients closely and increase the nimodipine dosage as appropriate. Nimodipine is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Nintedanib: (Moderate) Dual inhibitors of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and CYP3A4, such as ivacaftor, are expected to increase the exposure and clinical effect of nintedanib. If use together is necessary, closely monitor for increased nintedanib side effects including gastrointestinal toxicity (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, loss of appetite), headache, elevated liver enzymes, and hypertension. A dose reduction, interruption of therapy, or discontinuation of nintedanib therapy may be necessary. Ivacaftor is a mild inhibitor of both P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and CYP3A4; nintedanib is a P-gp substrate and a minor CYP3A4 substrate. In drug interactions studies, administration of nintedanib with a dual P-gp and CYP3A4 inhibitor increased nintedanib AUC by 60%.
Niraparib; Abiraterone: (Major) Avoid coadministration of abiraterone with lumacaftor; ivacaftor if possible due to decreased plasma concentrations of abiraterone. If concomitant use is unavoidable, increase the dosing frequency of abiraterone to twice daily. Reduce the dose back to the previous dose and frequency if lumacaftor; ivacaftor is discontinued. Abiraterone is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased abiraterone exposure by 55%.
Nirmatrelvir; Ritonavir: (Contraindicated) Concomitant use of ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is contraindicated; consider an alternative COVID-19 therapy. Coadministration may decrease nirmatrelvir exposure resulting in reduced virologic response and possible resistance. The risk for reduced efficacy may persist following lumacaftor; ivacaftor discontinuation. Nirmatrelvir is a CYP3A substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. (Major) If ritonavir and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to twice weekly. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and ritonavir is a strong CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 8.5-fold. (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the therapeutic efficacy of ritonavir; avoid concurrent use if possible. If concomitant use of ritonavir is necessary, monitor antiretroviral efficacy and adjust therapy as necessary. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage adjustment is not required when ritonavir is started in a patient already taking lumacaftor; ivacaftor. However, if lumacaftor; ivacaftor is initiated in a patient already taking ritonavir, reduce the dose of lumacaftor; ivacaftor to 1 tablet PO daily or 1 packet of oral granules every other day for the first week of treatment, and then increase to the usual recommended daily dose. This dosage adjustment is also necessary if lumacaftor; ivacaftor therapy has been interrupted for more than 1 week and re-initiated while the patient is taking ritonavir. The 1-week lead-in period at the lower lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage allows for lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A to reach steady state. Ritonavir is a substrate and strong inhibitor of CYP3A. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A may decrease the systemic exposure of ritonavir and decrease its therapeutic efficacy. Although ritonavir is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, net ivacaftor exposure at steady state is not expected to exceed that achieved with ivacaftor monotherapy (i.e., 150 mg PO every 12 hours) because of lumacaftor's CYP3A induction. In pharmacokinetic studies, coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with another strong CYP3A4 inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 4.3-fold. Lastly, ritonavir is also a substrate of the drug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and lumacaftor; ivacaftor has the potential to both induce and inhibit P-gp. The net effect on P-gp substrates is not clear, but their exposure may be affected.
Nisoldipine: (Major) Avoid coadministration of nisoldipine with ivacaftor due to increased plasma concentrations of nisoldipine. If coadministration is unavoidable, monitor blood pressure closely during concurrent use of these medications. Nisoldipine is a CYP3A4 substrate and ivacaftor is a CYP3A4 inhibitor. (Major) Avoid coadministration of nisoldipine with lumacaftor; ivacaftor due to decreased plasma concentrations of nisoldipine. Alternative antihypertensive therapy should be considered. Nisoldipine is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer lowered nisoldipine plasma concentrations to undetectable levels.
Non-oral combination contraceptives: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of hormonal contraceptives and lumacaftor; ivacaftor, unless the benefits outweigh the risks. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease hormonal contraceptive exposure, reducing efficacy. When coadministered with lumacaftor; ivacaftor, hormonal contraceptives are not a reliable method of effective contraception; instruct patients on alternative methods of birth control. In addition, concomitant use may increase the incidence of menstruation-associated adverse reactions (e.g., amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia).
Norethindrone Acetate; Ethinyl Estradiol; Ferrous fumarate: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of hormonal contraceptives and lumacaftor; ivacaftor, unless the benefits outweigh the risks. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease hormonal contraceptive exposure, reducing efficacy. When coadministered with lumacaftor; ivacaftor, hormonal contraceptives are not a reliable method of effective contraception; instruct patients on alternative methods of birth control. In addition, concomitant use may increase the incidence of menstruation-associated adverse reactions (e.g., amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia).
Norethindrone: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of hormonal contraceptives and lumacaftor; ivacaftor, unless the benefits outweigh the risks. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease hormonal contraceptive exposure, reducing efficacy. When coadministered with lumacaftor; ivacaftor, hormonal contraceptives are not a reliable method of effective contraception; instruct patients on alternative methods of birth control. In addition, concomitant use may increase the incidence of menstruation-associated adverse reactions (e.g., amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia).
Norethindrone; Ethinyl Estradiol: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of hormonal contraceptives and lumacaftor; ivacaftor, unless the benefits outweigh the risks. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease hormonal contraceptive exposure, reducing efficacy. When coadministered with lumacaftor; ivacaftor, hormonal contraceptives are not a reliable method of effective contraception; instruct patients on alternative methods of birth control. In addition, concomitant use may increase the incidence of menstruation-associated adverse reactions (e.g., amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia).
Norethindrone; Ethinyl Estradiol; Ferrous fumarate: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of hormonal contraceptives and lumacaftor; ivacaftor, unless the benefits outweigh the risks. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease hormonal contraceptive exposure, reducing efficacy. When coadministered with lumacaftor; ivacaftor, hormonal contraceptives are not a reliable method of effective contraception; instruct patients on alternative methods of birth control. In addition, concomitant use may increase the incidence of menstruation-associated adverse reactions (e.g., amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia).
Norgestimate; Ethinyl Estradiol: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of hormonal contraceptives and lumacaftor; ivacaftor, unless the benefits outweigh the risks. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease hormonal contraceptive exposure, reducing efficacy. When coadministered with lumacaftor; ivacaftor, hormonal contraceptives are not a reliable method of effective contraception; instruct patients on alternative methods of birth control. In addition, concomitant use may increase the incidence of menstruation-associated adverse reactions (e.g., amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia).
Norgestrel: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of hormonal contraceptives and lumacaftor; ivacaftor, unless the benefits outweigh the risks. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease hormonal contraceptive exposure, reducing efficacy. When coadministered with lumacaftor; ivacaftor, hormonal contraceptives are not a reliable method of effective contraception; instruct patients on alternative methods of birth control. In addition, concomitant use may increase the incidence of menstruation-associated adverse reactions (e.g., amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia).
Olanzapine; Fluoxetine: (Minor) Although an interaction between ivacaftor and fluoxetine is possible, the clinical impact of this interaction has not yet been determined. Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with CYP2C9 substrates. Fluoxetine is partially metabolized by CYP2C9, but it is also a substrate for at least 2 other enzymes. In vitro studies showed ivacaftor to be a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9. Co-administration may possibly lead to increased exposure to fluoxetine; however, because fluoxetine has multiple metabolic pathways, the clinical impact of this inhibition is not clear. In addition, ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate, and fluoxetine is a mild CYP3A inhibitor. Co-administration may lead to increased ivacaftor exposure. (Minor) Concomitant use of fluoxetine and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter fluoxetine exposure; caution and close monitoring are advised if these drugs are used together. Fluoxetine is a substrate of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19. In vitro data suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce CYP2C19 and induce and/or inhibit CYP2C9. Although induction of fluoxetine through the CYP2C19 pathway could potentially lead to decreased drug efficacy, the net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on CYP2C9-mediated metabolism is not clear. Monitor the patient for decreased fluoxetine efficacy or increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events. Of note, norfluoxetine, the active metabolite of fluoxetine, is a moderate CYP3A inhibitor. Although lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a primary substrate of CYP3A, lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage adjustment is not required.
Olanzapine; Samidorphan: (Major) Avoid the concurrent use of samidorphan and combination lumacaftor; ivacaftor; decreased samidorphan exposure and loss of efficacy may occur. Samidorphan is a CYP3A substrate and combination lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Concomitant use of another strong CYP3A inducer reduced samidorphan exposure by 73%.
Olaparib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of olaparib with lumacaftor; ivacaftor due to the risk of decreasing the efficacy of olaparib. Olaparib is a CYP3A substrate and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer; concomitant use may decrease olaparib exposure. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inducer decreased the olaparib Cmax by 71% and the AUC by 87%.
Olmesartan; Amlodipine; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the systemic exposure and therapeutic efficacy of amlodipine. If used together, monitor blood pressure closely; the dosage requirements of amlodipine may be increased. Amlodipine is a CYP3A substrate. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Olutasidenib: (Major) Avoid concurrent use of olutasidenib and lumacaftor; ivacaftor due to the risk of decreased olutasidenib exposure which may reduce its efficacy. Olutasidenib is a CYP3A substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Concomitant use with another strong CYP3A inducer reduced olutasidenib exposure by approximately 80%.
Omaveloxolone: (Major) Avoid concurrent use of omaveloxolone and lumacaftor; ivacaftor. Concurrent use may decrease omaveloxolone exposure which may reduce its efficacy. Omaveloxolone is a CYP3A substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Omeprazole: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of omeprazole by substantially decreasing its systemic exposure. If used together, an omeprazole dosage adjustment may be necessary to obtain the desired therapeutic effect. Omeprazole is a CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 substrate. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong inducer of CYP3A; in vitro data suggests is also has the potential to induce CYP2C19.
Omeprazole; Amoxicillin; Rifabutin: (Major) Concomitant use of rifabutin and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is not recommended. Rifabutin may decrease the therapeutic effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor by significantly decreasing the systemic exposure of ivacaftor. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may also decrease the therapeutic effect of rifabutin. Rifabutin is a substrate and potent inducer (per FDA-approved labeling for lumacaftor; ivacaftor) of CYP3A. Ivacaftor is a substrate of CYP3A and lumacaftor is a potent inducer of CYP3A; although the enzyme induction effects of lumacaftor are already accounted for in fixed-combination dosing, ivacaftor exposure is further decreased when given together with other CYP3A inducers. In a pharmacokinetic study, coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with rifampin, another potent CYP3A inducer, decreased ivacaftor exposure (AUC) by 57%, with minimal effect on the exposure of lumacaftor. Rifabutin may be expected to have a similar effect on some drugs that are affected by coadministration with rifampin. Rifabutin appears to be a less potent hepatic enzyme inducer than rifampin; however, the clinical significance of this finding has not been determined. (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of omeprazole by substantially decreasing its systemic exposure. If used together, an omeprazole dosage adjustment may be necessary to obtain the desired therapeutic effect. Omeprazole is a CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 substrate. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong inducer of CYP3A; in vitro data suggests is also has the potential to induce CYP2C19.
Omeprazole; Sodium Bicarbonate: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of omeprazole by substantially decreasing its systemic exposure. If used together, an omeprazole dosage adjustment may be necessary to obtain the desired therapeutic effect. Omeprazole is a CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 substrate. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong inducer of CYP3A; in vitro data suggests is also has the potential to induce CYP2C19.
Ondansetron: (Minor) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of ondansetron by decreasing its systemic exposure; however, based on available data, no ondansetron dosage adjustment is recommended. If used together, monitor patients for antiemetic efficacy. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Ondansetron is a substrate for CY1A2, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4, with CYP3A4 playing a predominant role in ondansetron turnover. During pharmacokinetic studies, patients treated with strong CYP3A inducers (i.e., phenytoin, carbamazepine, rifampin) and ondansetron had significantly increased ondansetron clearance, resulting in significant reductions in AUC, Cmax, and half-life. However, these changes in ondansetron exposure are not thought to be clinically relevant.
Oral Contraceptives: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of hormonal contraceptives and lumacaftor; ivacaftor, unless the benefits outweigh the risks. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease hormonal contraceptive exposure, reducing efficacy. When coadministered with lumacaftor; ivacaftor, hormonal contraceptives are not a reliable method of effective contraception; instruct patients on alternative methods of birth control. In addition, concomitant use may increase the incidence of menstruation-associated adverse reactions (e.g., amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia).
Osilodrostat: (Moderate) Monitor cortisol concentration and patient's signs and symptoms during coadministration of osilodrostat and lumacaftor; ivacaftor. Concurrent use may decrease osilodrostat exposure and reduce its efficacy; an increase in osilodrostat dose may be necessary. After discontinuation of lumacaftor; ivacaftor, monitor cortisol concentration and patient's signs and symptoms; a reduction in osilodrostat dose may be needed. Osilodrostat is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer.
Osimertinib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with osimertinib due to decreased plasma concentrations of osimertinib which may lead to reduced efficacy. If concomitant use is unavoidable, increase the dose of osimertinib to 160 mg once daily. If lumacaftor; ivacaftor is discontinued, reduce the dose of osimertinib to 80 mg once daily after a washout period of 3 weeks. Osimertinib is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased osimertinib exposure by 78%.
Oxcarbazepine: (Moderate) Monitor MHD, the active metabolite of oxcarbazepine, concentrations during oxcarbazepine dosage titration if oxcarbazepine and lumacaftor are used concurrently. A dose adjustment of oxcarbazepine may be required after initiation, dosage modification, or discontinuation of lumacaftor. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with other strong CYP3A4 inducers decreased plasma concentrations of MHD by 25% to 40%.
Oxybutynin: (Minor) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of oxybutynin by decreasing its systemic exposure; if used together, monitor patients for anticholinergic efficacy. Oxybutynin is a substrate of CYP3A4, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Oxycodone: (Moderate) Consider a reduced dose of oxycodone with frequent monitoring for respiratory depression and sedation if concurrent use of ivacaftor is necessary. If ivacaftor is discontinued, consider increasing the oxycodone dose until stable drug effects are achieved and monitor for evidence of opioid withdrawal. Oxycodone is a CYP3A4 substrate, and coadministration with a weak inhibitor like ivacaftor can increase oxycodone exposure resulting in increased or prolonged opioid effects including fatal respiratory depression, particularly when an inhibitor is added to a stable dose of oxycodone. If ivacaftor is discontinued, oxycodone plasma concentrations will decrease resulting in reduced efficacy of the opioid and potential withdrawal syndrome in a patient who has developed physical dependence to oxycodone. (Moderate) Monitor for reduced efficacy of oxycodone and signs of opioid withdrawal if coadministration with lumacaftor; ivacaftor is necessary; consider increasing the dose of oxycodone as needed. If lumacaftor; ivacaftor is discontinued, consider a dose reduction of oxycodone and frequently monitor for signs of respiratory depression and sedation. Oxycodone is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Concomitant use with CYP3A4 inducers can decrease oxycodone concentrations; this may result in decreased efficacy or onset of a withdrawal syndrome in patients who have developed physical dependence.
Paclitaxel: (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter the therapeutic effects of paclitaxel; caution and close monitoring are advised if these drugs are used together. The paclitaxel dosage may need to be adjusted. Paclitaxel is metabolized by CYP3A4 (and CYP2C8) and is a substrate of the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux transporter. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data also suggest lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce and/or inhibit P-gp. Although induction of paclitaxel through the CYP3A pathway may lead to decreased drug efficacy, the net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on P-gp transport is not clear. Monitor the patient for chemotherapeutic efficacy and adverse effects. In a study designed to determine the maximum tolerated dose of paclitaxel, patients receiving concomitant enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants (e.g., phenytoin, carbamazepine, phenobarbital) tolerated significantly higher doses of paclitaxel as compared to those who were not. Although no prospectively validated dosage adjustment regimen is available, this study suggested a possible need to increase the dose of paclitaxel as much as 50% in patients receiving concurrent enzyme-inducing anticonvulsant therapy. Of note, patients receiving enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants experienced a dose-limiting toxicity of central neurotoxicity while those not receiving anticonvulsants experienced dose-limiting toxicities of myelosuppression, GI toxicity, and fatigue.
Pacritinib: (Contraindicated) Concurrent use of pacritinib with lumacaftor; ivacaftor is contraindicated due to decreased pacritinib exposure which may impair efficacy. Pacritinib is a CYP3A substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inducer decreased pacritinib exposure by 87%.
Palbociclib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with palbociclib due to decreased plasma concentrations of palbociclib, which may result in decreased efficacy. Palbociclib is primarily metabolized by CYP3A4, lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. In a drug interaction trial, coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased the AUC and Cmax of palbociclib by 85% and 70%, respectively.
Paliperidone: (Major) Avoid using a strong inducer of CYP3A4 if possible during the 1-month injectable dosing interval of Invega Sustenna or the 3-month injectable dosing interval of Invega Trinza. If use of a strong CYP3A4 inducer such as lumacaftor is required in patients receiving injectable paliperidone, consider management with oral paliperidone. Paliperidone is a P-gp substrate, with minor contributions in metabolism by CYP3A4 and CYP2D6. A dosage increase of oral paliperidone may be required during coadministration of a strong inducer of both CYP3A4 and P-gp. However, concurrent use of oral paliperidone with a strong CYP3A4 inducer alone may not be clinically relevant since this isoenzyme contributes to only a small fraction of total body clearance of the drug.
Palovarotene: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of palovarotene and lumacaftor; ivacaftor. Concurrent use may decrease palovarotene exposure which may reduce its efficacy. Palovarotene is a CYP3A substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Concomitant use with another strong CYP3A inducer reduced palovarotene overall exposure by 11%.
Panobinostat: (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of panobinostat by significantly decreasing its systemic exposure; avoid concomitant use. Approximately 40% of the total hepatic panobinostat elimination occurs via CYP3A. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Simulations using mechanistic models suggest the systemic exposure of panobinostat would decrease approximately 70% if coadministered with a strong CYP3A inducer, such as lumacaftor; ivacaftor. Additionally, panobinostat is a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate and in vitro data suggests lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce and/or inhibit P-gp transport. Although induction of panobinostat through the CYP3A pathway may lead to decreased drug efficacy, the net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on P-gp transport is not clear.
Paricalcitol: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of paricalcitol by decreasing its systemic exposure; if used together, monitor intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), serum calcium, and serum phosphorus concentrations and adjust the paricalcitol dosage as necessary. Paricalcitol is partially metabolized via CYP3A4 and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Pazopanib: (Major) Avoid administering pazopanib in patients who require chronic treatment with a strong CYP3A4 inducer, such as lumacaftor; ivacaftor. Concomitant use may result in decreased pazopanib concentrations. Pazopanib is primarily metabolized by CYP3A4 and is also a substrate of CYP2C8 and the drug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data also suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce and/or inhibit CYP2C8 and P-gp.
Pemigatinib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of pemigatinib and lumacaftor; ivacaftor due to the risk of decreased pemigatinib exposure which may reduce its efficacy. Pemigatinib is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased pemigatinib exposure by 85%.
Perampanel: (Major) Start perampanel at a higher initial dose of 4 mg once daily at bedtime when using concurrently with lumacaftor due to a potential reduction in perampanel plasma concentration. If introduction or withdrawal of lumacaftor occurs during perampanel therapy, closely monitor patient response; a dosage adjustment may be necessary. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer, and perampanel is a CYP3A4 substrate.
Perindopril; Amlodipine: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the systemic exposure and therapeutic efficacy of amlodipine. If used together, monitor blood pressure closely; the dosage requirements of amlodipine may be increased. Amlodipine is a CYP3A substrate. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Perphenazine; Amitriptyline: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of amitriptyline by decreasing its systemic exposure. If used together, monitor patients closely for amitriptyline efficacy; an amitriptyline dosage adjustment may be required to obtain the desired therapeutic effect. Do not exceed recommended maximum doses. Amitriptyline is primarily metabolized by CYP2C19 (and CYP2D6) and is also a substrate of CYP3A4 and CYP2C9. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data also suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce CYP2C19 and induce and/or inhibit CYP2C9.
Pexidartinib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of pexidartinib with lumacaftor; ivacaftor as concurrent use may decrease pexidartinib exposure which may result in decreased therapeutic response. Pexidartinib is a CYP3A4 substrate; lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration of another strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased pexidartinib exposure by 65%.
Phenobarbital: (Major) Coadministration of ivacaftor with phenobarbital is not recommended due to decreased p lasma concentrations of ivacaftor. Ivacaftor is a sensitive CYP3A4 substrate and phenobarbital is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer significantly decreased ivacaftor exposure by approximately 9-fold. Additionally, phenobarbital is a CYP2C9 substrate and ivacaftor may inhibit CYP2C9. Coadministration may increase exposure to phenobarbital leading to increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events. (Major) Concomitant use of phenobarbital and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is not recommended. Phenobarbital may decrease the therapeutic effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor by significantly decreasing the systemic exposure of ivacaftor. Ivacaftor is a substrate of CYP3A, and phenobarbital is a potent CYP3A inducer. In a pharmacokinetic study, coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with rifampin, another potent CYP3A inducer, decreased ivacaftor exposure (AUC) by 57%, with minimal effect on the exposure of lumacaftor. In vitro studies suggest lumacaftor; ivacaftor has the potential to induce CYP2C9 and CYP2C19; inhibition CYP2C9 has also been observed. Because phenobarbital is a substrate of these enzymes, altered phenobarbital exposure may occur.
Phenobarbital; Hyoscyamine; Atropine; Scopolamine: (Major) Coadministration of ivacaftor with phenobarbital is not recommended due to decreased plasma concentrations of ivacaftor. Ivacaftor is a sensitive CYP3A4 substrate and phenobarbital is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer significantly decreased ivacaftor exposure by approximately 9-fold. Additionally, phenobarbital is a CYP2C9 substrate and ivacaftor may inhibit CYP2C9. Coadministration may increase exposure to phenobarbital leading to increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events. (Major) Concomitant use of phenobarbital and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is not recommended. Phenobarbital may decrease the therapeutic effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor by significantly decreasing the systemic exposure of ivacaftor. Ivacaftor is a substrate of CYP3A, and phenobarbital is a potent CYP3A inducer. In a pharmacokinetic study, coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with rifampin, another potent CYP3A inducer, decreased ivacaftor exposure (AUC) by 57%, with minimal effect on the exposure of lumacaftor. In vitro studies suggest lumacaftor; ivacaftor has the potential to induce CYP2C9 and CYP2C19; inhibition CYP2C9 has also been observed. Because phenobarbital is a substrate of these enzymes, altered phenobarbital exposure may occur.
Phenytoin: (Major) Coadministration of ivacaftor with phenytoin is not recommended due to decreased plasma concentrations of ivacaftor. Ivacaftor is a sensitive CYP3A4 substrate and phenytoin is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer significantly decreased ivacaftor exposure by approximately 9-fold. (Major) Concomitant use of phenytoin or fosphenytoin and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is not recommended. Phenytoin may decrease the therapeutic effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor by significantly decreasing the systemic exposure of ivacaftor. Ivacaftor is a substrate of CYP3A, and phenytoin is a potent CYP3A inducer. In a pharmacokinetic study, coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with rifampin, another potent CYP3A inducer, decreased ivacaftor exposure by 57%, with minimal effect on the exposure of lumacaftor. In vitro studies suggest lumacaftor; ivacaftor has the potential to induce CYP2C9 and CYP2C19; inhibition CYP2C9 has also been observed. Because phenytoin is a substrate of these enzymes, altered phenytoin exposure may occur.
Pimavanserin: (Major) Because pimavanserin is primarily metabolized by CYP3A4 and CYP3A5, the manufacturer recommends avoiding concomitant use of pimavanserin with strong CYP3A4 inducers, such as lumacaftor; ivacaftor. Strong inducers of CYP3A4 can reduce pimavanserin exposure, potentially decreasing the effectiveness of pimavanserin.
Pimozide: (Minor) Use caution when administering ivacaftor and pimozide concurrently. Ivacaftor is an inhibitor of CYP3A and pimozide is partially metabolized by CYP3A. Co-administration of ivacaftor with CYP3A substrates, such as pimozide, can theoretically increase pimozide exposure leading to increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined.
Pioglitazone; Glimepiride: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of glimepiride by decreasing its systemic exposure. If used together, monitor blood glucose concentrations closely; a glimepiride dosage adjustment may be required to obtain the desired therapeutic effect. Glimepiride is a CYP2C9 substrate; in vitro studies suggest lumacaftor; ivacaftor has the potential to induce and inhibit CYP2C9. (Minor) Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with CYP2C9 substrates, such as glimepiride. In vitro studies showed ivacaftor to be a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9. Co-administration may lead to increased exposure to CYP2C9 substrates; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined.
Piroxicam: (Minor) Although the clinical significance of this interaction is unknown, concurrent use of piroxicam and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter piroxicam exposure; caution and monitoring are advised if these drugs are administered together. Piroxicam is a substrate of CYP2C9. In vitro data suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce and/or inhibit CYP2C9. The net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on CYP2C9-mediated metabolism is not clear, but CYP2C9 substrate exposure may be affected leading to decreased efficacy or increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events. (Minor) Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with CYP2C9 substrates, such as piroxicam. In vitro studies showed ivacaftor to be a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9. Co-administration may lead to increased exposure to CYP2C9 substrates; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined.
Pirtobrutinib: (Major) Avoid concurrent use of pirtobrutinib and combination lumacaftor; ivacaftor due to the risk of decreased pirtobrutinib exposure which may reduce its efficacy. Pirtobrutinib is a CYP3A substrate and combination lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Concomitant use with another strong CYP3A inducer reduced pirtobrutinib overall exposure by 71%.
Pitolisant: (Major) Monitor for loss of pitolisant efficacy after initiation of lumacaftor; ivacaftor. Increase to double the original daily dose of pitolisant over 7 days in patients stable on 8.9 mg or 17.8 mg once daily (i.e., 17.8 mg or 35.6 mg, respectively). Decrease the pitolisant dose by half if lumacaftor; ivacaftor is discontinued. Pitolisant is a CYP3A4 substrate; lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration of strong CYP3A4 inducers decreases pitolisant exposure by 50%.
Polatuzumab Vedotin: (Moderate) Monitor for decreased polatuzumab vedotin efficacy during coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor due to the risk of decreased exposure to the cytotoxic component of polatuzumab vedotin, MMAE. MMAE is metabolized by CYP3A4; lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Strong CYP3A4 inducers are predicted to decrease the exposure of MMAE by 63%.
Ponatinib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of ponatinib with lumacaftor due to decreased plasma concentrations of ponatinib. If concomitant use is unavoidable, monitor for reduced efficacy of ponatinib. Ponatinib is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased ponatinib exposure by 62%.
Ponesimod: (Major) Avoid concurrent use of ponesimod and lumacaftor; ivacaftor and monitor for decreased ponesimod efficacy if use is necessary. Ponesimod is a CYP3A substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer that may decrease ponesimod exposure.
Posaconazole: (Major) If posaconazole and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to twice weekly. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Additionally, monitor for an increase in posaconazole-related adverse reactions. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and a P-gp inhibitor, and posaconazole is a strong CYP3A inhibitor and a P-gp substrate. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 8.5-fold. (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the therapeutic efficacy of posaconazole; concomitant use is not recommended. Consider alternative antifungals such as fluconazole. If concomitant use of posaconazole is necessary, carefully monitor for antifungal efficacy. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage adjustment is not required when posaconazole is started in a patient already taking lumacaftor; ivacaftor. However, if lumacaftor; ivacaftor is initiated in a patient already taking posaconazole, reduce the dose of lumacaftor; ivacaftor to 1 tablet PO daily or 1 packet of oral granules every other day for the first week of treatment, and then increase to the usual recommended daily dose. This dosage adjustment is also necessary if lumacaftor; ivacaftor therapy has been interrupted for more than 1 week and re-initiated while the patient is taking posaconazole. The 1-week lead-in period at the lower lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage allows for lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A to reach steady state. Posaconazole is a strong inhibitor of CYP3A. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Although posaconazole is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, net ivacaftor exposure at steady state is not expected to exceed that achieved with ivacaftor monotherapy (i.e., 150 mg PO every 12 hours) because of lumacaftor's CYP3A induction. In pharmacokinetic studies, coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with another strong CYP3A4 inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 4.3-fold. Posaconazole is a substrate for P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux, and lumacaftor; ivacaftor has the potential to both induce and inhibit P-gp. The net effect on P-gp substrates is not clear, but their exposure may be affected.
Pralsetinib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with pralsetinib due to the risk of decreased pralsetinib exposure which may reduce its efficacy. If concomitant use is unavoidable, double the current dose of pralsetinib starting on day 7 of coadministration. After lumacaftor; ivacaftor has been discontinued for at least 14 days, resume the pralsetinib dose taken prior to initiating lumacaftor; ivacaftor. Pralsetinib is a CYP3A substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inducer decreased the pralsetinib AUC by 68%. (Major) Avoid concomitant use of ivacaftor with pralsetinib due to the risk of increased pralsetinib exposure which may increase the risk of adverse reactions. If concomitant use is necessary, reduce the daily dose of pralsetinib by 100 mg. Pralsetinib is a P-gp substrate and ivacaftor is a P-gp inhibitor. Coadministration with another P-gp inhibitor increased the overall exposure of pralsetinib by 81%.
Prasugrel: (Moderate) Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with CYP2C9 substrates, such as prasugrel. Ivacaftor is an inhibitor of CYP3A and a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9; prasugrel is metabolized by CYP3A and CYP2C9. Co-administration of ivacaftor with CYP3A and CYP2C9 substrates, such as prasugrel, can theoretically increase prasugrel exposure leading to increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined.
Praziquantel: (Contraindicated) The concomitant use of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with praziquantel is contraindicated due to decreased exposure and efficacy of praziquantel. If treatment with praziquantel is necessary, treatment with lumacaftor; ivacaftor should be discontinued 4 weeks before administration of praziquantel. Treatment with lumacaftor; ivacaftor can then be restarted 1 day after completion of praziquantel treatment. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer and praziquantel is a CYP3A4 substrate; coadministration may result in decreased plasma concentrations of praziquantel. In a crossover study with a 2-week washout period, administration of praziquantel followed by another strong CYP3A inducer resulted in undetectable plasma concentrations of praziquantel in 7 out of 10 subjects. When praziquantel was administered two weeks after discontinuation of the strong inducer, the mean praziquantel AUC and Cmax were 23% and 35% lower, respectively, than when praziquantel was given alone.
Prednisolone: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of prednisone and prednisolone by decreasing systemic exposure of the corticosteroid. If used together, a higher systemic corticosteroid dose may be required to obtain the desired therapeutic effect. Prednisolone, the active metabolite of prednisone, is a CYP3A4 substrate, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. (Moderate) Use caution when administering ivacaftor and prednisone concurrently. Ivacaftor is an inhibitor of CYP3A and P-glycoprotein (Pgp); prednisone is a substrate of Pgp and it's active metabolite, prednisolone, is metabolized by CYP3A. Co-administration can increase prednisone exposure leading to increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined.
Prednisone: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of prednisone and prednisolone by decreasing systemic exposure of the corticosteroid. If used together, a higher systemic corticosteroid dose may be required to obtain the desired therapeutic effect. Prednisolone, the active metabolite of prednisone, is a CYP3A4 substrate, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Pretomanid: (Major) Avoid coadministration of pretomanid with lumacaftor; ivacaftor as concurrent use may decrease pretomanid exposure which may lead to decreased efficacy. Pretomanid is a CYP3A4 substrate; lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased pretomanid exposure by 66%.
Primidone: (Major) Coadministration of ivacaftor with primidone is not recommended due to decreased plasma concentrations of ivacaftor. Ivacaftor is a sensitive CYP3A4 substrate and primidone is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer significantly decreased ivacaftor exposure by approximately 9-fold. Additionally, primidone is a CYP2C9 substrate and ivacaftor may inhibit CYP2C9. Coadministration may increase exposure to primidone leading to increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events. (Major) Concomitant use of primidone and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is not recommended. Primidone may decrease the therapeutic effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor by significantly decreasing the systemic exposure of ivacaftor. Ivacaftor is a substrate of CYP3A, and primidone is a potent CYP3A inducer. In a pharmacokinetic study, coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with rifampin, another potent CYP3A inducer, decreased ivacaftor exposure by 57%, with minimal effect on the exposure of lumacaftor. In vitro studies suggest lumacaftor; ivacaftor has the potential to induce CYP2C9 and CYP2C19; inhibition CYP2C9 has also been observed. Because primidone is a substrate of these enzymes, altered primidone exposure may occur.
Probenecid; Colchicine: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of colchicine and ivacaftor due to the risk for increased colchicine exposure which may increase the risk for adverse effects. Concomitant use is contraindicated in patients with renal or hepatic impairment. Additionally, this combination is contraindicated if colchicine is being used for cardiovascular risk reduction. If concomitant use is necessary outside of these scenarios, consider a colchicine dosage reduction. Specific dosage reduction recommendations are available for colchicine tablets for some indications; it is unclear if these dosage recommendations are appropriate for other products or indications. For colchicine tablets being used for gout prophylaxis, reduce the dose from 0.6 mg twice daily to 0.3 mg once daily or from 0.6 mg once daily to 0.3 mg once every other day. For colchicine tablets being used for gout treatment, reduce the dose from 1.2 mg followed by 0.6 mg to 0.6 mg without an additional dose. For colchicine tablets being used for Familial Mediterranean Fever, the maximum daily dose is 0.6 mg. Colchicine is a P-gp substrate and ivacaftor is a P-gp inhibitor. (Major) Avoid concomitant use of colchicine and lumacaftor due to the risk for increased colchicine exposure which may increase the risk for adverse effects. Concomitant use is contraindicated in patients with renal or hepatic impairment. Additionally, this combination is contraindicated if colchicine is being used for cardiovascular risk reduction. If concomitant use is necessary outside of these scenarios, consider a colchicine dosage reduction. Specific dosage reduction recommendations are available for colchicine tablets for some indications; it is unclear if these dosage recommendations are appropriate for other products or indications. For colchicine tablets being used for gout prophylaxis, reduce the dose from 0.6 mg twice daily to 0.3 mg once daily or from 0.6 mg once daily to 0.3 mg once every other day. For colchicine tablets being used for gout treatment, reduce the dose from 1.2 mg followed by 0.6 mg to 0.6 mg without an additional dose. For colchicine tablets being used for Familial Mediterranean Fever, the maximum daily dose is 0.6 mg. Colchicine is a P-gp substrate and lumacaftor is a P-gp inhibitor.
Propranolol: (Minor) Concomitant use of propranolol and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the systemic exposure of propranolol; caution and monitoring of blood pressure and other therapeutic effects are advised if these drugs are used together. Propranolol is partially metabolized by CYP2C19; in vitro data suggest that lumacaftor may induce CYP2C19.
Propranolol; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Minor) Concomitant use of propranolol and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the systemic exposure of propranolol; caution and monitoring of blood pressure and other therapeutic effects are advised if these drugs are used together. Propranolol is partially metabolized by CYP2C19; in vitro data suggest that lumacaftor may induce CYP2C19.
Quazepam: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of quazepam by decreasing its systemic exposure. If used together, monitor patients closely for quazepam efficacy; a quazepam dosage adjustment may be required to obtain the desired therapeutic effect. Quazepam is primarily metabolized by CYP3A4 and is also a substrate of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data also suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce CYP2C19 and induce and/or inhibit CYP2C9. Although induction of quazepam through the CYP3A (primary) and CYP2C19 (minor) pathways may lead to decreases in drug efficacy, the net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on CYP2C9-mediated metabolism is not clear.
Quetiapine: (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of quetiapine by decreasing its systemic exposure. When used in combination with chronic lumacaftor; ivacaftor treatment (i.e., more than 7 to 14 days), titrate the quetiapine dosage based on clinical response and tolerability. Patients taking strong CYP3A4 inducers may require up to 5-fold of the original quetiapine dose to achieve therapeutic efficacy. If lumacaftor; ivacaftor is subsequently discontinued, reduce the quetiapine to its original dose within 7 to 14 days of discontinuation. Quetiapine is a CYP3A substrate, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. (Moderate) Use caution when administering ivacaftor and quetiapine concurrently. Ivacaftor is an inhibitor of CYP3A. Co-administration of ivacaftor with CYP3A substrates, such as quetiapine, can increase quetiapine exposure leading to increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events.
Quinidine: (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter the therapeutic effects of quinidine. Use these agents together with caution; monitor quinidine concentrations and adjust the dosage as needed to attain antiarrhythmic efficacy endpoints. Quinidine is a substrate of CYP3A and the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux transporter. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data also suggest lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce and/or inhibit P-gp. Although induction of quinidine metabolism through the CYP3A pathway may lead to decreased drug efficacy, the net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on P-gp transport is not clear. Monitor the patient for decreased antiarrhythmic efficacy or increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events.
Quinine: (Major) If quinine and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to once daily. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and quinine is a moderate CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another moderate CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 3-fold. (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of quinine by decreasing its systemic exposure. If used together, monitor patients closely for loss of quinine efficacy. Quinine is primarily metabolized by CYP3A4 and is also a substrate of CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and the drug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data also suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce CYP2C19 and induce and/or inhibit CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and P-gp.
Quizartinib: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with quizartinib due to the risk of decreased quizartinib exposure which may reduce its efficacy. Quizartinib is a CYP3A substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Rabeprazole: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of rabeprazole by decreasing its systemic exposure; monitor for therapeutic efficacy. Rabeprazole is a substrate of CYP3A4 and CYP2C19. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data also suggest that lumacaftor may also induce CYP2C19.
Ramelteon: (Minor) Concomitant use of ramelteon and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter ramelteon exposure; caution and close monitoring are advised if these drugs are used together. Ramelteon is a minor substrate of CYP3A4 and CYP2C9. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data also suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce and and/or inhibit CYP2C9. Although induction of ramelteon through the secondary CYP3A pathway may lead to decreases in drug efficacy, the net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on CYP2C9-mediated metabolism is not clear. (Minor) Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with CYP2C9 substrates, such as ramelteon. Ivacaftor is an inhibitor of CYP3A and a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9; ramelteon is partially metabolized by CYP3A and CYP2C9. Co-administration of ivacaftor with CYP3A and CYP2C9 substrates, such as ramelteon, can theoretically increase ramelteon exposure leading to increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined.
Ranitidine: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter the systemic exposure of ranitidine. If used together, ranitidine may require a dosage adjustment to obtain the desired therapeutic effect.
Ranolazine: (Contraindicated) Concomitant use of lumacaftor; ivacaftor and ranolazine is contraindicated. Ranolazine is primarily metabolized by CYP3A and is a substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data also suggest lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce and/or inhibit P-gp. Although induction of ranolazine through the CYP3A pathway may lead to decreased drug efficacy, the net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on P-gp transport is not clear. Regardless, FDA-approved labeling for ranolazine contraindicates its use with CYP3A inducers. Rifampin, another strong CYP3A inducer, decreases the plasma concentrations of ranolazine by approximately 95%; however, this interaction may also be influenced by rifampin's induction of P-gp transport.
Regorafenib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of regorafenib with lumacaftor; ivacaftor due to decreased plasma concentrations of regorafenib and increased plasma concentrations of the M-5 active metabolite, which may lead to decreased efficacy. Regorafenib is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased the mean AUC of regorafenib by 50% and increased the mean AUC of M-5 by 264%; no change in the mean AUC of M-2 was observed.
Relugolix: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of relugolix and oral ivacaftor. Concomitant use may increase relugolix exposure and the risk of relugolix-related adverse effects. If concomitant use is unavoidable, administer ivacaftor at least 6 hours after relugolix and monitor for adverse reactions. Relugolix is a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate and ivacaftor is a P-gp inhibitor. (Major) Avoid concomitant use of relugolix and oral lumacaftor; ivacaftor. Concomitant use may increase or decrease relugolix exposure, increasing the risk of relugolix-related adverse effects or decreasing its efficacy. The manufacturer of relugolix recommends separating administration of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitors and an increased dose for concurrent use with dual strong CYP3A4 and P-gp inducers. Relugolix is a P-gp and CYP3A4 substrate. Lumacaftor has the potential to both inhibit and induce P-gp and is a strong CYP3A4 inducer, while ivacaftor is a weak P-gp inhibitor.
Relugolix; Estradiol; Norethindrone acetate: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of hormonal contraceptives and lumacaftor; ivacaftor, unless the benefits outweigh the risks. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease hormonal contraceptive exposure, reducing efficacy. When coadministered with lumacaftor; ivacaftor, hormonal contraceptives are not a reliable method of effective contraception; instruct patients on alternative methods of birth control. In addition, concomitant use may increase the incidence of menstruation-associated adverse reactions (e.g., amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia). (Major) Avoid concomitant use of relugolix and oral ivacaftor. Concomitant use may increase relugolix exposure and the risk of relugolix-related adverse effects. If concomitant use is unavoidable, administer ivacaftor at least 6 hours after relugolix and monitor for adverse reactions. Relugolix is a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate and ivacaftor is a P-gp inhibitor. (Major) Avoid concomitant use of relugolix and oral lumacaftor; ivacaftor. Concomitant use may increase or decrease relugolix exposure, increasing the risk of relugolix-related adverse effects or decreasing its efficacy. The manufacturer of relugolix recommends separating administration of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitors and an increased dose for concurrent use with dual strong CYP3A4 and P-gp inducers. Relugolix is a P-gp and CYP3A4 substrate. Lumacaftor has the potential to both inhibit and induce P-gp and is a strong CYP3A4 inducer, while ivacaftor is a weak P-gp inhibitor.
Repaglinide: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of repaglinide by decreasing its systemic exposure. If used together, monitor blood glucose concentrations closely; a repaglinide dosage adjustment may be required to obtain the desired therapeutic effect. Repaglinide is metabolized by CYP3A and CYP2C8. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong inducer of CYP3A; in vitro studies suggest lumacaftor also has the potential to induce and inhibit CYP2C8.
Ribociclib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with ribociclib due to decreased ribociclib exposure resulting decreased efficacy. Ribociclib is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased ribociclib exposure in healthy subjects by 89%. (Major) If ribociclib and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to twice weekly. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and ribociclib is a strong CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 8.5-fold.
Ribociclib; Letrozole: (Major) Avoid coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with ribociclib due to decreased ribociclib exposure resulting decreased efficacy. Ribociclib is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased ribociclib exposure in healthy subjects by 89%. (Major) If ribociclib and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to twice weekly. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and ribociclib is a strong CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 8.5-fold.
Rifabutin: (Major) Concomitant use of rifabutin and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is not recommended. Rifabutin may decrease the therapeutic effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor by significantly decreasing the systemic exposure of ivacaftor. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may also decrease the therapeutic effect of rifabutin. Rifabutin is a substrate and potent inducer (per FDA-approved labeling for lumacaftor; ivacaftor) of CYP3A. Ivacaftor is a substrate of CYP3A and lumacaftor is a potent inducer of CYP3A; although the enzyme induction effects of lumacaftor are already accounted for in fixed-combination dosing, ivacaftor exposure is further decreased when given together with other CYP3A inducers. In a pharmacokinetic study, coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with rifampin, another potent CYP3A inducer, decreased ivacaftor exposure (AUC) by 57%, with minimal effect on the exposure of lumacaftor. Rifabutin may be expected to have a similar effect on some drugs that are affected by coadministration with rifampin. Rifabutin appears to be a less potent hepatic enzyme inducer than rifampin; however, the clinical significance of this finding has not been determined.
Rifampin: (Major) Coadministration of ivacaftor with rifampin is not recommended due to decreased plasma concentrations of ivacaftor. Ivacaftor is a sensitive CYP3A4 substrate and rifampin is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with rifampin significantly decreased ivacaftor exposure by approximately 9-fold. (Major) Concomitant use of rifampin and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is not recommended. Rifampin may decrease the therapeutic effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor by significantly decreasing ivacaftor exposure. Ivacaftor is a sensitive substrate of CYP3A, and rifampin is a potent CYP3A inducer. In a pharmacokinetic study, coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with rifampin decreased ivacaftor exposure (AUC) by 57%, with minimal effect on the exposure of lumacaftor.
Rifapentine: (Major) Coadministration of ivacaftor with rifapentine is not recommended due to decreased plasma concentrations of ivacaftor. Ivacaftor is a sensitive CYP3A4 substrate and rifapentine is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer significantly decreased ivacaftor exposure by approximately 9-fold. (Major) Concomitant use of lumacaftor; ivacaftor and rifapentine is not recommended. Rifapentine may decrease the therapeutic effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor by significantly decreasing the systemic exposure of ivacaftor. Ivacaftor is a substrate of CYP3A4, and rifapentine is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. In a pharmacokinetic study, coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with another strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased ivacaftor exposure by 57%, with minimal effect on the exposure of lumacaftor.
Rifaximin: (Moderate) Monitor for an increase in rifaximin-related adverse reactions if coadministration with ivacaftor is necessary. Concomitant use may increase rifaximin exposure. In patients with hepatic impairment, a potential additive effect of reduced metabolism may further increase systemic rifaximin exposure. Rifaximin is a P-gp substrate and ivacaftor is a P-gp inhibitor. Coadministration with another P-gp inhibitor increased rifaximin overall exposure by 124-fold.
Rilpivirine: (Contraindicated) Concomitant use of lumacaftor; ivacaftor and rilpivirine is contraindicated, as significant decreases in rilpivirine plasma concentrations may occur. This may result in loss of virologic response and possible resistance to rilpivirine or to the class of NNRTIs. Rilpivirine is primarily metabolize by CYP3A, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Rimegepant: (Major) Avoid a second dose of rimegepant within 48 hours if coadministered with ivacaftor; concurrent use may increase rimegepant exposure. Rimegepant is a P-gp substrate and ivacaftor is a P-gp inhibitor. (Major) Avoid coadministration of rimegepant with lumacaftor; ivacaftor; concurrent use may alter rimegepant exposure. Rimegepant is a CYP3A4 substrate; lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer and ivacaftor is a P-gp inhibitor. Coadministration of rimegepant with another strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased rimegepant exposure by 80%.
Riociguat: (Moderate) Concomitant use of riociguat and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter riociguat exposure. Riociguat is a substrate of CYP3A4, CYP2C8, and the drug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data also suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce and/or inhibit CYP2C8 and P-gp. Caution and close monitoring are advised if these drugs are used together.
Ripretinib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of ripretinib with lumacaftor; ivacaftor. Coadministration may decrease the exposure of ripretinib and its active metabolite (DP-5439), which may decrease ripretinib anti-tumor activity. Ripretinib and DP-5439 are metabolized by CYP3A and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inducer decreased ripretinib exposure by 61% and decreased DP-5439 exposure by 57%.
Risperidone: (Moderate) Monitor for a decrease in risperidone efficacy during concomitant use of risperidone and lumacaftor; ivacaftor and increase risperidone dosage as appropriate based on response. For patients receiving long-acting risperidone dosage forms, supplemental oral risperidone may be required. Concomitant use may decrease risperidone exposure. Risperidone is a CYP3A substrate and combination lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Concomitant use with another strong CYP3A inducer reduced risperidone overall exposure by 50%.
Ritlecitinib: (Major) If ritlecitinib and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to once daily. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and ritlecitinib is a moderate CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another moderate CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 3-fold. (Moderate) Monitor for a decrease in ritlecitinib efficacy during concomitant use of ritlecitinib and lumacaftor; ivacaftor. Concomitant use may decrease ritlecitinib exposure. Ritlecitinib is a CYP3A substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Concomitant use with another strong CYP3A inducer reduced ritlecitinib overall exposure by 0.56-fold.
Ritonavir: (Major) If ritonavir and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to twice weekly. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and ritonavir is a strong CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 8.5-fold. (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the therapeutic efficacy of ritonavir; avoid concurrent use if possible. If concomitant use of ritonavir is necessary, monitor antiretroviral efficacy and adjust therapy as necessary. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage adjustment is not required when ritonavir is started in a patient already taking lumacaftor; ivacaftor. However, if lumacaftor; ivacaftor is initiated in a patient already taking ritonavir, reduce the dose of lumacaftor; ivacaftor to 1 tablet PO daily or 1 packet of oral granules every other day for the first week of treatment, and then increase to the usual recommended daily dose. This dosage adjustment is also necessary if lumacaftor; ivacaftor therapy has been interrupted for more than 1 week and re-initiated while the patient is taking ritonavir. The 1-week lead-in period at the lower lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage allows for lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A to reach steady state. Ritonavir is a substrate and strong inhibitor of CYP3A. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A may decrease the systemic exposure of ritonavir and decrease its therapeutic efficacy. Although ritonavir is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, net ivacaftor exposure at steady state is not expected to exceed that achieved with ivacaftor monotherapy (i.e., 150 mg PO every 12 hours) because of lumacaftor's CYP3A induction. In pharmacokinetic studies, coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with another strong CYP3A4 inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 4.3-fold. Lastly, ritonavir is also a substrate of the drug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and lumacaftor; ivacaftor has the potential to both induce and inhibit P-gp. The net effect on P-gp substrates is not clear, but their exposure may be affected.
Rivaroxaban: (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor is expected to alter the systemic exposure of rivaroxaban; if possible, avoid concomitant use. Because rivaroxaban is a substrate of CYP3A and the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux transporter, its FDA-approved labeling recommends avoiding concomitant use with combined P-gp and strong CYP3A inducers. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer, but its net effect on P-gp is less clear. In vitro data suggest lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce and/or inhibit P-gp. Although induction of rivaroxaban clearance through the CYP3A pathway is expected to reduce rivaroxaban exposure, the net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on P-gp transport is undefined. If these drugs must be used together, monitor the patient closely for decreased anticoagulant efficacy or increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events (e.g., bleeding). (Minor) The coadministration of rivaroxaban and ivacaftor should be undertaken with caution in patients with renal impairment; it is unclear whether a clinically significant interaction occurs when these two drugs are coadministered to patients with normal renal function. Ivacaftor is a combined mild CYP3A4 inhibitor and mild P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor. Rivaroxaban is a substrate of CYP3A4/5 and the P-gp transporter. Coadministration in patients with renal impairment may result in increased exposure to rivaroxaban compared with patients with normal renal function and no inhibitor use since both pathways of elimination are affected. While an increase in exposure to rivaroxaban may be expected, results from an analysis of the ROCKET-AF trial which allowed concomitant administration of rivaroxaban and a combined P-gp inhibitor and weak or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor did not show an increased risk of bleeding in patients with CrCl 30 to < 50 ml/min [HR (95% CI): 1.05 (0.77, 1.42)].
Roflumilast: (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of roflumilast by decreasing its systemic exposure; concomitant use is not recommended. Roflumilast is a CYP3A substrate, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Coadministration of roflumilast and rifampicin, another strong CYP3A inducer, resulted in a reduction of roflumilast Cmax and AUC by 68% and 79%, respectively, and a 30% increase and 56% decrease in the Cmax and AUC for the active metabolite roflumilast N-oxide, respectively.
Romidepsin: (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor is expected to alter the systemic exposure of romidepsin; avoid concomitant use if possible. Romidepsin is extensively metabolized by CYP3A4, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Typically, coadministration of CYP3A inducers (e.g., lumacaftor; ivacaftor) decreases the plasma concentrations of CYP3A substrates (e.g., romidepsin). However, coadministration of romidepsin with rifampin, another strong CYP3A inducer, resulted in an approximate 80% and 60% increase in romidepsin AUC and Cmax, respectively. This increase in exposure is likely due to rifampin's inhibition of an undetermined hepatic uptake process that is predominantly responsible for the disposition of romidepsin; it is not known whether lumacaftor; ivacaftor would have similar effects.
Ropivacaine: (Minor) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of ropivacaine by increasing its clearance; if used together, monitor therapeutic response and adjust the ropivacaine dosage as needed to attain appropriate anesthesia. Ropivacaine is partially metabolized by CYP3A4. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Rosiglitazone: (Moderate) Although the clinical significance of this interaction is unknown, concurrent use of rosiglitazone and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter the therapeutic effects of rosiglitazone; caution and close monitoring of blood glucose are advised if these drugs are administered together. Rosiglitazone is a substrate of CYP2C8 and CYP2C9. In vitro data suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce and/or inhibit CYP2C8 and CYP2C9. The net effect on these substrates is not clear, but their exposure may be affected leading to decreased efficacy or increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events.
Ruxolitinib: (Moderate) Monitor patients frequently and adjust the ruxolitinib dose based on safety and efficacy if coadministered with lumacaftor; ivacaftor; decreased ruxolitinib exposure is possible. Ruxolitinib is a CYP3A4 substrate; lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration of another strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased ruxolitinib Cmax and AUC by 32% and 61%, respectively. The relative exposure to ruxolitinib's active metabolites increased approximately 100%.
Saquinavir: (Major) If saquinavir and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to twice weekly. Additionally, monitor for an increase in saquinavir-related adverse reactions if coadministration with ivacaftor is necessary as concomitant use may increase saquinavir exposure. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and a P-gp inhibitor, and saquinavir is a strong CYP3A inhibitor and a P-gp substrate. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 8.5-fold. (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the therapeutic efficacy of saquinavir; avoid concurrent use if possible. If concomitant use of saquinavir is necessary, monitor antiretroviral efficacy, consider the use of therapeutic drug monitoring, and adjust therapy as necessary. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage adjustment is not required when saquinavir is started in a patient already taking lumacaftor; ivacaftor. However, if lumacaftor; ivacaftor is initiated in a patient already taking saquinavir, reduce the dose of lumacaftor; ivacaftor to 1 tablet PO daily or 1 packet of oral granules every other day for the first week of treatment, and then increase to the usual recommended daily dose. This dosage adjustment is also necessary if lumacaftor; ivacaftor therapy has been interrupted for more than 1 week and re-initiated while the patient is taking saquinavir. The 1-week lead-in period at the lower lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage allows for lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A to reach steady state. Saquinavir is a substrate and strong inhibitor of CYP3A. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A may decrease the systemic exposure of saquinavir and decrease its therapeutic efficacy. Although saquinavir is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, net ivacaftor exposure at steady state is not expected to exceed that achieved with ivacaftor monotherapy (i.e., 150 mg PO every 12 hours) because of lumacaftor's CYP3A induction. In pharmacokinetic studies, coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with another strong CYP3A4 inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 4.3-fold. Lastly, saquinavir is also a substrate of the drug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and lumacaftor; ivacaftor has the potential to both induce and inhibit P-gp. The net effect on P-gp substrates is not clear, but their exposure may be affected.
Saxagliptin: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the systemic exposure of saxagliptin; if used together, monitor blood glucose concentrations closely. Saxagliptin is a substrate of CYP3A (primary). Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Induction of saxagliptin metabolism through the CYP3A pathway may lead to decreased drug efficacy.
Segesterone Acetate; Ethinyl Estradiol: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of hormonal contraceptives and lumacaftor; ivacaftor, unless the benefits outweigh the risks. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease hormonal contraceptive exposure, reducing efficacy. When coadministered with lumacaftor; ivacaftor, hormonal contraceptives are not a reliable method of effective contraception; instruct patients on alternative methods of birth control. In addition, concomitant use may increase the incidence of menstruation-associated adverse reactions (e.g., amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia).
Selumetinib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of selumetinib and lumacaftor; ivacaftor due to the risk of decreased selumetinib exposure which may reduce its efficacy. Selumetinib is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased selumetinib exposure by 51%.
Sertraline: (Minor) Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with CYP2C9 substrates, such as sertraline. Ivacaftor is an inhibitor of CYP3A and a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9; sertraline is metabolized by CYP3A and CYP2C9. Co-administration of ivacaftor with CYP3A and CYP2C9 substrates, such as sertraline, can theoretically increase sertraline exposure leading to increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined.
Sildenafil: (Moderate) Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with CYP2C9 substrates, such as sildenafil. Ivacaftor is an inhibitor of CYP3A and a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9; sildenafil is metabolized by CYP3A and CYP2C9. Co-administration of ivacaftor with CYP3A and CYP2C9 substrates, such as sildenafil, can theoretically increase sildenafil exposure leading to increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined.
Simvastatin: (Moderate) Monitor for reduced efficacy of simvastatin if coadministered with lumacaftor; ivacaftor. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the systemic exposure of simvastatin. Simvastatin is a sensitive substrate of CYP3A4. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. (Minor) Use caution when administering ivacaftor and simvastatin concurrently. Coadministration of ivacaftor with simvastatin may increase simvastatin exposure leading to increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined. Simvastatin is a sensitive CYP3A4 substrate; ivacaftor is a weak CYP3A4 inhibitor.
Siponimod: (Moderate) Concomitant use of siponimod and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is not recommended for patients with CYP2C9*1/*3 and *2/*3 genotypes due to a significant decrease in siponimod exposure. Use of siponimod with lumacaftor; ivacaftor is not recommended in any patient if they are also receiving a moderate CYP2C9 inducer. Siponimod is a CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 substrate; lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with a moderate CYP2C9/strong CYP3A4 dual inducer decreased siponimod exposure by 57%.
Sirolimus: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of sirolimus and lumacaftor; ivacaftor as use may decrease sirolimus exposure and efficacy. Sirolimus is a CYP3A and P-gp substrate and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A and P-gp inducer. Concomitant use of another strong CYP3A and P-gp inducer decreased sirolimus overall exposure by 82%. (Moderate) Monitor sirolimus concentrations and adjust sirolimus dosage as appropriate during concomitant use of ivacaftor. Coadministration may increase sirolimus concentrations and the risk for sirolimus-related adverse effects. Sirolimus is a CYP3A and P-gp substrate and ivacaftor is a weak CYP3A and P-gp inhibitor.
Sofosbuvir: (Minor) Although the clinical significance of this interaction is unknown, concurrent use of sofosbuvir and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter sofosbuvir exposure; caution and close monitoring are advised if these drugs are used together. Sofosbuvir is a substrate of the drug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp). In vitro data suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor has the potential to both induce and inhibit P-gp. The net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on P-gp transport is not clear, but substrate exposure may be affected leading to decreased efficacy or increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events. FDA-approved labeling for sofosbuvir recommends to avoid coadministration with potent P-gp inducers.
Sofosbuvir; Velpatasvir: (Major) Avoid coadministration of velpatasvir with lumacaftor; ivacaftor. Taking these drugs together may significantly decrease plasma concentrations of velpatasvir, potentially resulting in loss of antiviral efficacy. Lumacaftor is a potent inducer of CYP3A4; velpatasvir is a CYP3A4 substrate. In addition, velpatasvir is a substrate of the drug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp); lumacaftor is an inducer/inhibitor of P-gp. (Moderate) Use caution when administering velpatasvir with ivacaftor. Taking these drugs together may increase the plasma concentrations of velpatasvir, potentially resulting in adverse events. Velpatasvir is a substrate of the drug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp); ivacaftor is a weak inhibitor of P-gp. Ivacaftor is also a weak inhibitor of the hepatic enzyme CYP3A4. Velpatasvir is a CYP3A4 substrate. (Minor) Although the clinical significance of this interaction is unknown, concurrent use of sofosbuvir and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter sofosbuvir exposure; caution and close monitoring are advised if these drugs are used together. Sofosbuvir is a substrate of the drug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp). In vitro data suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor has the potential to both induce and inhibit P-gp. The net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on P-gp transport is not clear, but substrate exposure may be affected leading to decreased efficacy or increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events. FDA-approved labeling for sofosbuvir recommends to avoid coadministration with potent P-gp inducers.
Sofosbuvir; Velpatasvir; Voxilaprevir: (Major) Avoid coadministration of velpatasvir with lumacaftor; ivacaftor. Taking these drugs together may significantly decrease plasma concentrations of velpatasvir, potentially resulting in loss of antiviral efficacy. Lumacaftor is a potent inducer of CYP3A4; velpatasvir is a CYP3A4 substrate. In addition, velpatasvir is a substrate of the drug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp); lumacaftor is an inducer/inhibitor of P-gp. (Major) Avoid coadministration of voxilaprevir with inducers of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and CYP3A4, such as lumacaftor; ivacaftor. Taking these drugs together may significantly decrease voxilaprevir plasma concentrations, potentially resulting in loss of antiviral efficacy. Voxilaprevir is a substrate of P-gp and CYP3A4. (Moderate) Use caution when administering velpatasvir with ivacaftor. Taking these drugs together may increase the plasma concentrations of velpatasvir, potentially resulting in adverse events. Velpatasvir is a substrate of the drug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp); ivacaftor is a weak inhibitor of P-gp. Ivacaftor is also a weak inhibitor of the hepatic enzyme CYP3A4. Velpatasvir is a CYP3A4 substrate. (Minor) Although the clinical significance of this interaction is unknown, concurrent use of sofosbuvir and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter sofosbuvir exposure; caution and close monitoring are advised if these drugs are used together. Sofosbuvir is a substrate of the drug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp). In vitro data suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor has the potential to both induce and inhibit P-gp. The net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on P-gp transport is not clear, but substrate exposure may be affected leading to decreased efficacy or increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events. FDA-approved labeling for sofosbuvir recommends to avoid coadministration with potent P-gp inducers.
Solifenacin: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of solifenacin by decreasing its systemic exposure; if used together, monitor patients for adequate antimuscarinic response. Solifenacin is primarily metabolized by CYP3A4 and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Sonidegib: (Major) Avoid the concomitant use of sonidegib and lumacaftor; ivacaftor; sonidegib exposure may be significantly decreased and its efficacy reduced. Sonidegib is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration of a strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased the geometric mean Cmax and AUC of sonidegib by 54% and 72%, respectively.
Sorafenib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of sorafenib with lumacaftor; ivacaftor due to decreased plasma concentrations of sorafenib. Sorafenib is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Concomitant use with another strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased sorafenib exposure by 37%.
Sotorasib: (Major) Avoid concurrent use of sotorasib and lumacaftor; ivacaftor. Coadministration may decrease sotorasib exposure resulting in decreased efficacy. Sotorasib is a CYP3A4 substrate and combination lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased the AUC of sotorasib by 51%.
Sparsentan: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of sparsentan and lumacaftor; ivacaftor due to the risk for decreased sparsentan exposure which may reduce its efficacy. Sparsentan is a CYP3A substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Concomitant use with another strong CYP3A inducer is predicted to decrease sparsentan overall exposure by 47%.
St. John's Wort, Hypericum perforatum: (Major) Coadministration of ivacaftor with St. John's Wort is not recommended due to decreased plasma concentrations of ivacaftor. Ivacaftor is a sensitive CYP3A4 substrate and St. John's Wort is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer significantly decreased ivacaftor exposure by approximately 9-fold. (Major) Concomitant use of St. John's Wort, Hypericum perforatum and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is not recommended. St. John's Wort may decrease the therapeutic effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor by significantly decreasing the systemic exposure of ivacaftor. Ivacaftor is a substrate of CYP3A, and St. John's Wort is a potent CYP3A inducer. In a pharmacokinetic study, coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with rifampin, another potent CYP3A inducer, decreased ivacaftor exposure by 57%, with minimal effect on the exposure of lumacaftor.
Stiripentol: (Major) Avoid coadministration of stiripentol with lumacaftor; ivacaftor. If concurrent use is necessary, increase the dose of stiripentol. Coadministration may decrease stiripentol plasma concentrations resulting in a decrease in efficacy. Stiripentol is metabolized by CYP3A4; lumacaftor is a strong inducer of CYP3A4.
Sufentanil: (Moderate) Because the dose of the sufentanil sublingual tablets cannot be titrated, consider an alternate opiate if ivacaftor must be administered. Consider a reduced dose of sufentanil injection with frequent monitoring for respiratory depression and sedation if concurrent use of ivacaftor is necessary. If ivacaftor is discontinued, consider increasing the sufentanil injection dose until stable drug effects are achieved and monitor for evidence of opioid withdrawal. Sufentanil is a CYP3A4 substrate, and coadministration with a weak CYP3A4 inhibitor like ivacaftor can increase sufentanil exposure resulting in increased or prolonged opioid effects including fatal respiratory depression, particularly when an inhibitor is added to a stable dose of sufentanil. If ivacaftor is discontinued, sufentanil plasma concentrations will decrease resulting in reduced efficacy of the opioid and potential withdrawal syndrome in a patient who has developed physical dependence to sufentanil. (Moderate) Because the dose of the sufentanil sublingual tablets cannot be titrated, consider an alternate opiate if lumacaftor; ivacaftor must be administered. Monitor for reduced efficacy of sufentanil injection and signs of opioid withdrawal if coadministration with lumacaftor; ivacaftor is necessary; consider increasing the dose of sufentanil injection as needed. If lumacaftor; ivacaftor is discontinued, consider a dose reduction of sufentanil injection and frequently monitor for signs or respiratory depression and sedation. Sufentanil is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Concomitant use with CYP3A4 inducers can decrease sufentanil concentrations; this may result in decreased efficacy or onset of a withdrawal syndrome in patients who have developed physical dependence.
Sulfamethoxazole; Trimethoprim, SMX-TMP, Cotrimoxazole: (Minor) Concomitant use of sulfamethoxazole; trimethoprim and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter sulfamethoxazole; trimethoprim, SMX-TMP, Cotrimoxazole exposure. Sulfamethoxazole is a substrate of CYP2C9; in vitro data suggest it is also a substrate for the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) drug transporter. In vitro data suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce and/or inhibit CYP2C9 and P-gp. The net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on CYP2C9-mediated metabolism and P-gp transport is not clear, but substrate exposure may be affected leading to decreased efficacy or increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events. (Minor) Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with CYP2C9 substrates, such as sulfamethoxazole; trimethoprim, SMX-TMP. In vitro studies showed ivacaftor to be a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9. Co-administration may lead to increased exposure to CYP2C9 substrates; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined.
Sumatriptan; Naproxen: (Moderate) Although the clinical significance of this interaction is unknown, concurrent use of naproxen and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter naproxen exposure; caution and monitoring are advised if these drugs are administered together. Naproxen is a substrate of CYP2C9 (primary) and CYP2C8. In vitro data suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce and/or inhibit CYP2C8 and CYP2C9. The net effect on these substrates is not clear, but their exposure may be affected leading to decreased efficacy or increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events. (Minor) Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with CYP2C9 substrates, such as naproxen. In vitro studies showed ivacaftor to be a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9. Co-administration may lead to increased exposure to CYP2C9 substrates; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined.
Sunitinib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with sunitinib if possible due to decreased exposure to sunitinib which could decrease efficacy. If concomitant use is unavoidable, consider increasing the daily dose of sunitinib to a maximum of 87.5 mg for patients with GIST or RCC, and to a maximum of 62.5 mg for patients with pNET; monitor carefully for toxicity. Sunitinib is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased exposure to sunitinib and its primary active metabolite by 46%.
Suvorexant: (Moderate) Monitor for decreased efficacy of suvorexant if coadministration with lumacaftor; ivacaftor is necessary. Suvorexant is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inducer decreased suvorexant exposure by 77% to 88%.
Tacrolimus: (Major) Concomitant use of tacrolimus and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is not recommended. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the systemic exposure of tacrolimus. If concurrent use cannot be avoided, monitor tacrolimus whole blood trough concentrations closely and adjust the dose accordingly. Tacrolimus is a substrate of CYP3A, and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a potent CYP3A inducer. (Major) Use caution when administering ivacaftor and tacrolimus concurrently; careful tacrolimus blood concentrations is warranted. Ivacaftor is an inhibitor of CYP3A, and tacrolimus is a CYP3A substrate. Co-administration can increase tacrolimus exposure leading to increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events.
Tadalafil: (Major) Avoid coadministration of tadalafil with lumacaftor; ivacaftor in patients with pulmonary hypertension due to decreased plasma concentrations of tadalafil. In patients with erectile dysfunction and/or benign prostatic hyperplasia, consider the potential for loss of efficacy of tadalafil during concurrent administration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor due to reduced tadalafil exposure. Tadalafil is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased tadalafil exposure by 88%.
Talazoparib: (Moderate) Monitor for an increase in talazoparib-related adverse reactions if coadministration with ivacaftor is necessary. Talazoparib is a P-gp substrate and ivacaftor is a P-gp inhibitor. (Moderate) Monitor for an increase in talazoparib-related adverse reactions if coadministration with lumacaftor; ivacaftor is necessary. Talazoparib is a P-gp substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a P-gp inhibitor.
Tamoxifen: (Major) Avoid coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with tamoxifen due to decreased exposure to tamoxifen which may affect efficacy. Ta moxifen is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased the AUC and Cmax of tamoxifen by 86% and 55%, respectively.
Tasimelteon: (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of tasimelteon by significantly decreasing its systemic exposure; avoid concomitant use. Tasimelteon is a CYP3A substrate, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Tazemetostat: (Major) Avoid coadministration of tazemetostat with lumacaftor; ivacaftor as concurrent use may decrease tazemetostat exposure, which may reduce its efficacy. Tazemetostat is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer.
Telmisartan; Amlodipine: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the systemic exposure and therapeutic efficacy of amlodipine. If used together, monitor blood pressure closely; the dosage requirements of amlodipine may be increased. Amlodipine is a CYP3A substrate. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Temsirolimus: (Major) Avoid coadministration of temsirolimus with lumacaftor; ivacaftor due to the risk of decreased plasma concentrations of the primary active metabolite of temsirolimus (sirolimus). If concomitant use is unavoidable, consider increasing the dose of temsirolimus from 25 mg per week up to 50 mg per week. If lumacaftor; ivacaftor is discontinued, decrease the dose of temsirolimus to the dose used before initiation of lumacaftor. Temsirolimus is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer had no significant effect on the AUC or Cmax of temsirolimus, but decreased the AUC and Cmax of the active metabolite, sirolimus, by 56% and 65%, respectively. (Moderate) Monitor for an increase in temsirolimus-related adverse reactions if coadministration with ivacaftor is necessary. Temsirolimus is a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate. Both ivacaftor and its M1 metabolite have the potential to inhibit P-gp. Concomitant use is likely to lead to increased concentrations of temsirolimus.
Teniposide: (Moderate) Monitor patients for reduced efficacy of teniposide if coadministration with lumacaftor; ivacaftor is necessary. Teniposide is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with other strong CYP3A4 inducers reduced plasma concentrations of teniposide.
Tenofovir Alafenamide: (Moderate) Concomitant use of lumacaftor; ivacaftor and tenofovir alafenamide could potentially alter the systemic exposure of tenofovir. Tenofovir alafenamide is a substrate of the drug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp). In vitro data suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor has the potential to both induce and inhibit P-gp. Of note, when tenofovir alafenamide is administered as part of a cobicistat-containing product, its availability is increased by cobicistat and a further increase of tenofovir alafenamide concentrations is not expected upon coadministration of an additional P-gp inhibitor. (Minor) Use caution when administering ivacaftor and tenofovir alafenamide concurrently. Ivacaftor is an inhibitor of the drug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Tenofovir alafenamide is a substrate for P-gp. Concurrent use can increase tenofovir exposure leading to adverse events. Of note, when tenofovir alafenamide is administered as part of a cobicistat-containing product, its availability is increased by cobicistat and a further increase of tenofovir alafenamide concentrations is not expected upon coadministration of an additional P-gp inhibitor.
Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate: (Moderate) Caution is advised when administering tenofovir, PMPA, a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate, concurrently with inhibitors of P-gp, such as ivacaftor. Coadministration may result in increased absorption of tenofovir. Monitor for tenofovir-associated adverse reactions.
Terbinafine: (Moderate) Due to the risk for terbinafine related adverse effects, caution is advised when coadministering ivacaftor. Although this interaction has not been studied by the manufacturer, and published literature suggests the potential for interactions to be low, taking these drugs together may increase the systemic exposure of terbinafine. Predictions about the interaction can be made based on the metabolic pathways of both drugs. Terbinafine is metabolized by at least 7 CYP isoenyzmes, with major contributions coming from CYP2C9 and CYP3A4; ivacaftor is an inhibitor of these enzymes. Monitor patients for adverse reactions if these drugs are coadministered.
Theophylline, Aminophylline: (Major) Concomitant use of theophylline and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is not recommended. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the systemic exposure of theophylline, a narrow therapeutic index drug. The clinical significance of this interaction is unclear. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a potent CYP3A inducer. Theophylline is primarily metabolized by CYP1A2, with secondary pathways by CYP3A and CYP2E1. In vitro data suggests metabolism by CYP3A is minor. However, since the therapeutic range of theophylline is narrow, if concurrent use cannot be avoided, monitor theophylline serum concentrations closely and adjust the dose accordingly.
Thiotepa: (Major) Avoid the concomitant use of thiotepa and lumacaftor; ivacaftor if possible because increased metabolism to the active thiotepa metabolite may result in increased thiotepa toxicity (e.g., infection, bleeding, skin toxicity). Consider an alternative agent with no or minimal potential to induce CYP3A4. If coadministration is necessary, monitor patients for signs and symptoms of thiotepa toxicity. In vitro, thiotepa is metabolized via CYP3A4 to the active metabolite, TEPA. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer.
Ticagrelor: (Major) Avoid concurrent use of lumacaftor; ivacaftor and ticagrelor; coadministration may result in significantly reduced ticagrelor exposure and efficacy. Ticagrelor is primarily metabolized by CYP3A; ticagrelor and its active metabolite are also P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrates. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data suggest lumacaftor; ivacaftor may also induce and/or inhibit P-gp. Although induction of ticagrelor metabolism through the CYP3A pathway may lead to decreased drug efficacy, the net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on P-gp transport is not clear. Additionally, ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and in vitro metabolism studies suggest ticagrelor and its active metabolite are weak CYP3A4 inhibitors. Although ivacaftor exposure could theoretically be increased when given with a CYP3A inhibitor, ivacaftor; lumacaftor dosage adjustments are not recommended with concomitant use of a mild CYP3A inhibitor such as ticagrelor due to the induction effects of lumacaftor. (Minor) Coadministration of ticagrelor and ivacaftor may result in increased exposure to ticagrelor which may increase the bleeding risk. Ticagrelor is a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate and ivacaftor is a mild P-gp inhibitor. Based on drug information data with cyclosporine, no dose adjustment is recommended by the manufacturer of ticagrelor. Use combination with caution and monitor for evidence of bleeding.
Tinidazole: (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of tinidazole by decreasing its systemic exposure; if concomitant use is necessary, monitor for decreased antimicrobial effect. Tinidazole is primarily metabolized by CYP3A4, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Tipranavir: (Major) If tipranavir and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to twice weekly. Additionally, monitor for an increase in tipranavir-related adverse reactions if coadministration with ivacaftor is necessary. Concomitant use may increase tipranavir exposure. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and a P-gp inhibitor, and tipranavir is a strong CYP3A inhibitor and a P-gp substrate. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 8.5-fold. (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the therapeutic efficacy of tipranavir; avoid concurrent use if possible. If concomitant use of tipranavir is necessary, monitor antiretroviral efficacy, consider the use of therapeutic drug monitoring, and adjust therapy as necessary. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage adjustment is not required when tipranavir is started in a patient already taking lumacaftor; ivacaftor. However, if lumacaftor; ivacaftor is initiated in a patient already taking tipranavir, reduce the dose of lumacaftor; ivacaftor to 1 tablet PO daily or 1 packet of oral granules every other day for the first week of treatment, and then increase to the usual recommended daily dose. This dosage adjustment is also necessary if lumacaftor; ivacaftor therapy has been interrupted for more than 1 week and re-initiated while the patient is taking tipranavir. The 1-week lead-in period at the lower lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage allows for lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A to reach steady state. Tipranavir is a substrate and strong inhibitor of CYP3A. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A may decrease the systemic exposure of tipranavir and decrease its therapeutic efficacy. Although tipranavir is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, net ivacaftor exposure at steady state is not expected to exceed that achieved with ivacaftor monotherapy (i.e., 150 mg PO every 12 hours) because of lumacaftor's CYP3A induction. In pharmacokinetic studies, coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with another strong CYP3A4 inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 4.3-fold. Lastly, tipranavir is also a substrate of the drug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and lumacaftor; ivacaftor has the potential to both induce and inhibit P-gp. The net effect on P-gp substrates is not clear, but their exposure may be affected.
Tivozanib: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of tivozanib with lumacaftor; ivacaftor due to decreased plasma concentrations of tivozanib, which may reduce its efficacy. Tivozanib is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased the overall exposure of tivozanib by 52%.
Tofacitinib: (Major) Coadministration of tofacitinib and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is not recommended due to the potential for a loss of response or reduced clinical response to tofacitinib. Tofacitinib is a CYP3A4 substrate; lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Tofacitinib exposure is decreased when coadministered with strong CYP3A4 inducers. In one study, the mean AUC and Cmax of tofacitinib were decreased by 84% and 74%, respectively when administered with another strong CYP3A4 inducer.
Tolazamide: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter the systemic exposure of tolazamide. If used together, monitor blood glucose concentrations closely; the sulfonylurea may require a dosage adjustment to obtain the desired therapeutic effect. In vitro studies suggest lumacaftor; ivacaftor has the potential to induce and inhibit CYP2C9. No data on the enzymes involved in the metabolism of tolazamide are available; however, because other sulfonylureas are CYP2C9 substrates, increased monitoring may be prudent.
Tolbutamide: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of tolbutamide by decreasing its systemic exposure. If used together, monitor blood glucose concentrations closely; a tolbutamide dosage adjustment may be required to obtain the desired therapeutic effect. Tolbutamide a CYP2C9 substrate; in vitro studies suggest lumacaftor; ivacaftor has the potential to induce and inhibit CYP2C9. (Minor) Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with CYP2C9 substrates, such as tolbutamide. In vitro studies showed ivacaftor to be a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9. Co-administration may lead to increased exposure to CYP2C9 substrates; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined.
Tolvaptan: (Major) Avoid concurrent use of tolvaptan and lumacaftor; ivacaftor due to the risk for decreased tolvaptan plasma concentrations and reduced efficacy. Tolvaptan is a sensitive CYP3A substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inducer decreased tolvaptan exposure by 85%.
Topotecan: (Major) Avoid coadministration of ivacaftor with oral topotecan due to increased topotecan exposure; ivacaftor may be administered with intravenous topotecan. Oral topotecan is a substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and ivacaftor is a weak P-gp inhibitor. Oral administration within 4 hours of another P-gp inhibitor increased the dose-normalized AUC of topotecan lactone and total topotecan 2-fold to 3-fold compared to oral topotecan alone.
Toremifene: (Major) Avoid coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with toremifene due to decreased plasma concentrations of toremifene which may result in decreased efficacy. Toremifene is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with strong CYP3A4 inducers lowers steady-state serum concentrations of toremifene.
Torsemide: (Minor) Although the clinical significance of this interaction is unknown, concurrent use of torsemide and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter torsemide exposure; caution and monitoring are advised if these drugs are used together. Torsemide is a substrate of CYP2C9. In vitro data suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce and/or inhibit CYP2C9. The net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on CYP2C9-mediated metabolism is not clear, but CYP2C9 substrate exposure may be affected leading to decreased efficacy or increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events. (Minor) Increased monitoring is recommended if ivacaftor is administered concurrently with CYP2C9 substrates, such as torsemide. In vitro studies showed ivacaftor to be a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9. Co-administration may lead to increased exposure to CYP2C9 substrates; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined.
Trabectedin: (Major) Avoid the concomitant use of trabectedin with lumacaftor; ivacaftor due to the risk of decreased trabectedin exposure. Trabectedin is a CYP3A substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inducer decreased the systemic exposure of a single dose of trabectedin by 31% compared to a single dose of trabectedin given alone.
Tramadol: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the analgesic effect of tramadol by decreasing its systemic exposure. If used together, monitor patients closely for loss of tramadol efficacy; a tramadol dosage adjustment may be required to obtain the desired therapeutic effect. Do not exceed the maximum recommended dose. Tramadol preferentially undergoes N-demethylation, which is mediated by CYP3A4 and CYP2B6. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data also suggest that lumacaftor may induce CYP2B6. (Minor) Use caution when administering ivacaftor and tramadol concurrently. Ivacaftor is an inhibitor of CYP3A and tramadol is partially metabolized by CYP3A. Co-administration can theoretically increase tramadol exposure leading to increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined.
Tramadol; Acetaminophen: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the analgesic effect of tramadol by decreasing its systemic exposure. If used together, monitor patients closely for loss of tramadol efficacy; a tramadol dosage adjustment may be required to obtain the desired therapeutic effect. Do not exceed the maximum recommended dose. Tramadol preferentially undergoes N-demethylation, which is mediated by CYP3A4 and CYP2B6. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data also suggest that lumacaftor may induce CYP2B6. (Minor) Use caution when administering ivacaftor and tramadol concurrently. Ivacaftor is an inhibitor of CYP3A and tramadol is partially metabolized by CYP3A. Co-administration can theoretically increase tramadol exposure leading to increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events; however, the clinical impact of this has not yet been determined.
Trandolapril; Verapamil: (Major) If verapamil and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to once daily. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and verapamil is a moderate CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another moderate CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 3-fold. (Moderate) Concomitant use of verapamil and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the therapeutic effects of verapamil; caution and close monitoring of blood pressure are advised if these drugs are used together. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data also suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce CYP2C19 and induce and/or inhibit CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) drug transporter. Verapamil is a substrate of CYP3A4, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and P-gp. Clinically significant interactions have been reported with inducers of CYP3A4; rifampin, a strong CYP3A inducer markedly reduces oral verapamil bioavailability. Of note, verapamil is also a moderate CYP3A inhibitor. Although lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a primary substrate of CYP3A, dosage adjustment of lumacaftor; ivacaftor is not required.
Trazodone: (Moderate) Consider increasing the trazodone dose based on therapeutic response when coadministered with lumacaftor; ivacaftor. Concurrent use may decrease trazodone exposure. Trazodone is a CYP3A4 substrate; lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with other strong CYP3A4 inducers decreased the exposure of trazodone compared to the use of trazodone alone.
Triazolam: (Major) Concomitant use of triazolam and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is not recommended; if sedation or anxiolysis is needed, consider alternative therapy. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the therapeutic effect of triazolam by decreasing systemic exposure. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong inducer of CYP3A, and triazolam is a CYP3A substrate. (Moderate) Monitor for signs of triazolam toxicity during coadministration with ivacaftor and consider appropriate dose reduction of triazolam if clinically indicated. Coadministration may increase triazolam exposure. Triazolam is a sensitive CYP3A substrate and ivacaftor is a weak CYP3A inhibitor.
Tucatinib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of tucatinib and lumacaftor; ivacaftor due to the risk of decreased tucatinib exposure which may reduce its efficacy. Tucatinib is a CYP3A4 and CYP2C8 substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with a strong CYP3A4/moderate CYP2C8 inducer decreased tucatinib exposure by 50%. (Major) If tucatinib and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to twice weekly. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and tucatinib is a strong CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 8.5-fold.
Ubrogepant: (Major) Avoid the coadministration of ubrogepant and lumacaftor as concurrent use may decrease ubrogepant exposure and reduce the efficacy. Ubrogepant is a CYP3A4 substrate; lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer resulted in an 80% reduction in ubrogepant exposure. (Major) Limit the initial and second dose of ubrogepant to 50 mg if coadministered with ivacaftor. Concurrent use may increase ubrogepant exposure and the risk of adverse effects. Ubrogepant is a CYP3A4 and P-gp substrate; ivacaftor is a weak CYP3A4 inhibitor and a P-gp inhibitor.
Ulipristal: (Major) Avoid coadministration of ulipristal with lumacaftor; ivacaftor. Concomitant use may decrease the plasma concentration and effectiveness of ulipristal. Ulipristal is a substrate of CYP3A and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a CYP3A inducer.
Umeclidinium: (Minor) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter the exposure of umeclidinium. Umeclidinium is a substrate for P-glycoprotein (P-gp); in vitro data suggest lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce and/or inhibit P-gp. The net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on P-gp transport and its effect on umeclidinium is not clear. Monitor the patient for therapeutic efficacy and increased or prolonged anticholinergic effects.
Umeclidinium; Vilanterol: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter the exposure of umeclidinium; vilanterol. In vitro data suggest vilanterol is a primary substrate of CYP3A4; both vilanterol and umeclidinium are substrates for P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data suggest lumacaftor; ivacaftor may also induce and/or inhibit P-gp. Although induction of vilanterol metabolism through the CYP3A pathway may lead to decreased drug efficacy, the net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on P-gp transport and its effect on umeclidinium; vilanterol is not clear. Monitor the patient for decreased beta-agonist efficacy or increased or prolonged beta-agonist and/or anticholinergic effects and adverse events. (Minor) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter the exposure of umeclidinium. Umeclidinium is a substrate for P-glycoprotein (P-gp); in vitro data suggest lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce and/or inhibit P-gp. The net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on P-gp transport and its effect on umeclidinium is not clear. Monitor the patient for therapeutic efficacy and increased or prolonged anticholinergic effects.
Upadacitinib: (Major) Coadministration of upadacitinib with lumacaftor; ivacaftor is not recommended as upadacitinib exposure may be decreased leading to reduced therapeutic effect. Upadacitinib is CYP3A4 substrate; lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Concurrent use of a strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased upadacitinib exposure by 61%.
Vandetanib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of vandetanib with lumacaftor; ivacaftor due to decreased plasma concentrations of vandetanib and increased concentrations of the active metabolite. Vandetanib is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Concomitant use with another strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased the geometric mean AUC of vandetanib by 40%; the geometric mean AUC and Cmax of N-desmethylvandetanib increased by 266% and 414%, respectively.
Vemurafenib: (Major) Avoid the concomitant use of vemurafenib and lumacaftor; ivacaftor as significantly decreased vemurafenib exposure may occur resulting in reduced vemurafenib efficacy. Consider the use of an alternative agent. If use with lumacaftor; ivacaftor cannot be avoided, increase the vemurafenib dose by 240 mg (as tolerated). If lumacaftor; ivacaftor is discontinued, the previous (lower) vemurafenib dose may be resumed 2 weeks after the last lumacaftor; ivacaftor dose. Vemurafenib is a CYP3A4 substrate; lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. In a drug interaction study, the vemurafenib AUC value decreased by 40% (90% CI, 24% to 53%) when a single 960-mg vemurafenib dose was administered with another strong CYP3A4 inducer; the vemurafenib Cmax was not changed.
Venetoclax: (Major) Avoid the concomitant use of venetoclax and lumacaftor; ivacaftor. Venetoclax levels may be significantly decreased and its efficacy reduced. Venetoclax is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Consider alternative agents. In a drug interaction study in healthy subjects (n = 10), the venetoclax Cmax and AUC values were decreased by 42% and 71%, respectively, following the co-administration of multiple doses of a strong CYP3A4 inducer. (Major) Reduce the dose of venetoclax by at least 50% and monitor for venetoclax toxicity (e.g., hematologic toxicity, GI toxicity, and tumor lysis syndrome) if coadministered with ivacaftor due to the potential for increased venetoclax exposure. Resume the original venetoclax dose 2 to 3 days after discontinuation of ivacaftor. Venetoclax is a CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate; ivacaftor is a CYP3A4 (weak) and P-gp inhibitor. Coadministration with a single dose of another P-gp inhibitor increased venetoclax exposure by 78% in a drug interaction study.
Verapamil: (Major) If verapamil and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to once daily. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and verapamil is a moderate CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another moderate CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 3-fold. (Moderate) Concomitant use of verapamil and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the therapeutic effects of verapamil; caution and close monitoring of blood pressure are advised if these drugs are used together. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data also suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce CYP2C19 and induce and/or inhibit CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) drug transporter. Verapamil is a substrate of CYP3A4, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and P-gp. Clinically significant interactions have been reported with inducers of CYP3A4; rifampin, a strong CYP3A inducer markedly reduces oral verapamil bioavailability. Of note, verapamil is also a moderate CYP3A inhibitor. Although lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a primary substrate of CYP3A, dosage adjustment of lumacaftor; ivacaftor is not required.
Vilazodone: (Moderate) Consider increasing the dose of vilazodone up to 2-fold over 1 to 2 weeks (maximum, 80 mg per day) based on clinical response if coadministration with lumacaftor; ivacaftor is necessary for more than 14 days. After discontinuation of lumacaftor; ivacaftor, resume the previous vilazodone dose over 1 to 2 weeks. Vilazodone is primarily metabolized by CYP3A4 and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Decreased plasma concentrations of vilazodone are expected if vilazodone is used concomitantly with strong CYP3A4 inducers.
Vincristine Liposomal: (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter the exposure of vincristine. If coadministration is necessary, use caution and monitor closely. Vincristine is a substrate of CYP3A and the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) drug transporter. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data suggest lumacaftor; ivacaftor may also induce and/or inhibit P-gp. Although induction of vincristine metabolism through the CYP3A pathway may lead to decreased drug efficacy, the net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on P-gp transport is not clear. Monitor the patient for decreased chemotherapeutic efficacy and vincristine-related toxicity.
Vincristine: (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter the exposure of vincristine. If coadministration is necessary, use caution and monitor closely. Vincristine is a substrate of CYP3A and the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) drug transporter. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer; in vitro data suggest lumacaftor; ivacaftor may also induce and/or inhibit P-gp. Although induction of vincristine metabolism through the CYP3A pathway may lead to decreased drug efficacy, the net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on P-gp transport is not clear. Monitor the patient for decreased chemotherapeutic efficacy and vincristine-related toxicity.
Voclosporin: (Major) Avoid coadministration of voclosporin with lumacaftor; ivacaftor. Coadministration may decrease voclosporin exposure resulting in decreased efficacy. Voclosporin is a sensitive CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer decreased voclosporin exposure by 87%.
Vonoprazan; Amoxicillin: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of vonoprazan and lumacaftor; ivacaftor due to decreased plasma concentrations of vonoprazan, which may reduce its efficacy. Vonoprazan is a CYP3A substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Vonoprazan exposures are predicted to be 80% lower when coadministered with a strong CYP3A4 inducer.
Vonoprazan; Amoxicillin; Clarithromycin: (Major) Avoid coadministration if possible; lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the therapeutic efficacy of clarithromycin. If concomitant use is necessary, monitor microbiological activity and adjust drug dosages as necessary. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage adjustment is not required when clarithromycin is started in a patient already taking lumacaftor; ivacaftor. However, if lumacaftor; ivacaftor is initiated in a patient already taking clarithromycin, reduce the dose of lumacaftor; ivacaftor to 1 tablet PO daily or 1 packet of oral granules every other day for the first week of treatment, and then increase to the usual recommended daily dose. This dosage adjustment is also necessary if lumacaftor; ivacaftor therapy has been interrupted for more than 1 week and re-initiated while the patient is taking clarithromycin. Clarithromycin is a substrate and strong inhibitor of CYP3A. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Increasing the metabolism of clarithromycin decreases plasma concentrations of clarithromycin, but increases plasma concentrations of 14-OH-clarithromycin (active metabolite); the microbiological activity of each is different for different bacteria. In addition, the inhibitory effects of clarithromycin may increase the systemic exposure of ivacaftor. In pharmacokinetic studies, coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with another strong CYP3A inhibitor, increased ivacaftor exposure by 4.3-fold. However, because lumacaftor is a strong inducer of CYP3A, the net exposure of ivacaftor at steady state is not expected to exceed that achieved with ivacaftor monotherapy (i.e., 150 mg PO every 12 hours). (Major) Avoid concomitant use of vonoprazan and lumacaftor; ivacaftor due to decreased plasma concentrations of vonoprazan, which may reduce its efficacy. Vonoprazan is a CYP3A substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Vonoprazan exposures are predicted to be 80% lower when coadministered with a strong CYP3A4 inducer. (Major) If clarithromycin and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to twice weekly. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and clarithromycin is a strong CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 8.5-fold.
Vorapaxar: (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor is expected to reduce the efficacy of vorapaxar by significantly decreasing its systemic exposure; avoid concomitant use. Vorapaxar is a CYP3A substrate, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Voriconazole: (Major) If voriconazole and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to twice weekly. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and voriconazole is a strong CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 8.5-fold. (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the therapeutic efficacy of voriconazole; concomitant use is not recommended. Consider alternative antifungals such as fluconazole. If concomitant use of voriconazole is necessary, carefully monitor for antifungal efficacy, and adjust the voriconazole dosage if needed. Lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage adjustment is not required when voriconazole is started in a patient already taking lumacaftor; ivacaftor. However, if lumacaftor; ivacaftor is initiated in a patient already taking voriconazole, reduce the dose of lumacaftor; ivacaftor to 1 tablet PO daily or 1 packet of oral granules every other day for the first week of treatment, and then increase to the usual recommended daily dose. This dosage adjustment is also necessary if lumacaftor; ivacaftor therapy has been interrupted for more than 1 week and re-initiated while the patient is taking voriconazole. The 1-week lead-in period at the lower lumacaftor; ivacaftor dosage allows for lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A to reach steady state. Voriconazole is a substrate and strong inhibitor (per FDA-approved labeling for lumacaftor; ivacaftor) of CYP3A; it is also a substrate of CYP2C19 and CYP2C9. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Lumacaftor also has the potential to induce CYP2C19 and the combination may induce and inhibit CYP2C9. Lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A may decrease the systemic exposure of voriconazole and decrease its therapeutic efficacy. Although voriconazole is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, net ivacaftor exposure at steady state is not expected to exceed that achieved with ivacaftor monotherapy (i.e., 150 mg PO every 12 hours) because of lumacaftor's CYP3A induction. In pharmacokinetic studies, coadministration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with another strong CYP3A4 inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 4.3-fold.
Voxelotor: (Major) Avoid coadministration of voxelotor and lumacaftor; ivacaftor as concurrent use may decrease voxelotor exposure and lead to reduced efficacy. If coadministration is unavoidable, increase voxelotor dosage to 2,500 mg PO once daily in patients 12 years and older. In patients 4 to 11 years old, weight-based dosage adjustments are recommended; consult product labeling for specific recommendations. Voxelotor is a substrate of CYP3A; lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Coadministration of voxelotor with a strong CYP3A inducer is predicted to decrease voxelotor exposure by up to 40%. (Major) If voxelotor and ivacaftor are taken together, administer ivacaftor at the usual recommended dose but reduce the frequency to once daily. Coadministration is not recommended in patients younger than 6 months. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate and voxelotor is a moderate CYP3A inhibitor. Coadministration with another moderate CYP3A inhibitor increased ivacaftor exposure by 3-fold.
Warfarin: (Moderate) Closely monitor the INR if coadministration of warfarin with ivacaftor is necessary as concurrent use may increase the exposure of warfarin leading to increased bleeding risk. Ivacaftor is a weak CYP3A4 inhibitor and the R-enantiomer is a CYP3A4 substrate. Ivacaftor is also a weak CYP2C9 inhibitor and the S-enantiomer, the active metabolite of warfarin, is a CYP2C9/CYP3A4 substrate. The S-enantiomer of warfarin exhibits 2 to 5 times more anticoagulant activity than the R-enantiomer, but the R-enantiomer generally has a slower clearance. (Moderate) Closely monitor the INR if coadministration of warfarin with lumacaftor; ivacaftor is necessary as concurrent use may decrease or increase the exposure of warfarin leading to reduced efficacy or increased bleeding risk. Lumacaftor is a moderate CYP3A4 inducer, ivacaftor is a weak CYP3A4 inhibitor, and the R-enantiomer of warfarin is a CYP3A4 substrate. Ivacaftor is also a weak CYP2C9 inhibitor and the S-enantiomer, the active metabolite of warfarin, is a CYP2C9 substrate.
Zafirlukast: (Minor) Although the clinical significance of this interaction is unknown, concurrent use of zafirlukast and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter zafirlukast exposure; caution and monitoring are advised if these drugs are used together. Zafirlukast is a substrate of CYP2C9. In vitro data suggest that lumacaftor; ivacaftor may induce and/or inhibit CYP2C9. The net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on CYP2C9-mediated metabolism is not clear, but substrate exposure may be affected leading to decreased efficacy or increased or prolonged therapeutic effects and adverse events.
Zaleplon: (Moderate) Monitor for decreased efficacy of zaleplon if coadministration with lumacaftor; ivacaftor is necessary. Zaleplon is a CYP3A4 substrate and lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Although CYP3A4 is normally a minor metabolizing enzyme of zaleplon, coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inducer reduced zaleplon exposure by approximately 80%. Coadministration with lumacaftor; ivacaftor could lead to ineffectiveness of zaleplon.
Zanubrutinib: (Major) Avoid the concomitant use of zanubrutinib and lumacaftor; ivacaftor. Coadministration may result in decreased zanubrutinib exposure and reduced efficacy. Zanubrutinib is a CYP3A4 substrate; lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. The AUC of zanubrutinib was decreased by 93% when coadministered with another strong CYP3A4 inducer.
Ziprasidone: (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may decrease the systemic exposure and therapeutic efficacy of ziprasidone. If used together, monitor the patient closely for antipsychotic efficacy; dosage increases should be based on clinical evaluation. Ziprasidone is primarily metabolized by CYP3A, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Coadministration of ziprasidone with carbamazepine (200 mg twice daily for 21 days), another strong CYP3A inducer, resulted in a 35% decrease in AUC of ziprasidone.
Zolpidem: (Major) Concurrent use of zolpidem with potent CYP3A4 inducers, such as lumacaftor; ivacaftor, should be avoided if possible because decreased plasma concentrations of zolpidem are possible and efficacy may be reduced. CYP3A4 is the primary isoenzyme responsible for zolpidem metabolism, and there is evidence of significant decreases in systemic exposure and pharmacodynamic effects of zolpidem during co-administration of rifampin, a potent CYP3A4 inducer.
Zonisamide: (Major) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may significantly decrease the systemic exposure and therapeutic efficacy of zonisamide, particularly if lumacaftor; ivacaftor is added to existing zonisamide therapy. If concomitant use is necessary, monitor the patient closely and adjust the zonisamide dosage as appropriate. If lumacaftor; ivacaftor is subsequently discontinued it may be necessary to reduce the zonisamide dose. Zonisamide is primarily metabolized by CYP3A, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.

Lumacaftor, Ivacaftor/ORKAMBI Oral Gran: 100-125mg, 150-188mg, 75-94mg
ORKAMBI Oral Tab: 100-125mg, 200-125mg

Adults

4 tablets/day PO (total daily dose: lumacaftor 800 mg/ivacaftor 500 mg).

Geriatric

4 tablets/day PO (total daily dose: lumacaftor 800 mg/ivacaftor 500 mg).

Adolescents

4 tablets/day PO (total daily dose: lumacaftor 800 mg/ivacaftor 500 mg).

Children

12 years: 4 tablets/day PO (total daily dose: lumacaftor 800 mg/ivacaftor 500 mg).
6 to 11 years: 4 tablets/day PO (total daily dose: lumacaftor 400 mg/ivacaftor 500 mg).
1 to 5 years weighing 14 kg or more: 2 oral granule packets/day PO (total daily dose: lumacaftor 300 mg/ivacaftor 376 mg).
1 to 5 years weighing 9 to 13 kg: 2 oral granule packets/day PO (total daily dose: lumacaftor 200 mg/ivacaftor 250 mg).
1 to 2 years weighing 7 to 8 kg: 2 oral granule packets/day PO (total daily dose: lumacaftor 150 mg/ivacaftor 188 mg).

Infants

Safety and efficacy have not been established.

Neonates

Safety and efficacy have not been established.

Lumacaftor; ivacaftor is a modulator of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, a chloride channel present at the surface of epithelial cells in multiple organs. Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) have a mutation in the CFTR gene that encodes the protein. In patients with the F508del mutation, CFTR protein misfolding causes a defect in cellular processing and trafficking that targets the protein for degradation, resulting in a lower quantity of CFTR at the cell surface. The small amount of F508del-CFTR that does reach the cell surface is less stable and has low channel-open probability compared to the wild-type CFTR protein. Lumacaftor improves the conformational stability of F508del-CFTR, which results in increased processing and trafficking of mature protein to the cell surface. Ivacaftor is a CFTR potentiator that increases chloride transport by potentiating the channel-opening probability of the CFTR protein. In vitro studies have demonstrated that both lumacaftor and ivacaftor increase chloride ion transport by increasing the quantity, stability, and function of F508del-CFTR at the cell surface.

Lumacaftor; ivacaftor is administered orally. Lumacaftor and ivacaftor are both approximately 99% protein bound, with lumacaftor binding primarily to albumin and ivacaftor binding primarily to albumin and alpha1-acid glycoprotein. The mean apparent Vd of lumacaftor is 86 +/- 67 L at steady state in patients with cystic fibrosis. Lumacaftor is primarily metabolized via oxidation and glucuronidation; however, metabolism is not extensive. The majority of the drug (51%) is excreted in the feces unchanged. Ivacaftor is extensively metabolized, primarily by CYP3A, to the major metabolites M1 (pharmacologically active; one-sixth the potency of parent drug) and M6 (pharmacologically inactive). Ivacaftor is primarily eliminated in the feces (88%). Minimal amounts of lumacaftor and ivacaftor are eliminated in the urine. Typical apparent clearance of lumacaftor is estimated to be 2.38 L/hour for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF); half-life is approximately 26 hours (CF patients). When given in combination with lumacaftor, the typical apparent clearance of ivacaftor is estimated to be 25.1 L/hour (CF patients); half-life is approximately 9 hours (healthy patients).
 
Affected cytochrome P450 isoenzymes and drug transporters: CYP3A, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP2C8, CYP2B6, and P-gp
Ivacaftor is a sensitive substrate of CYP3A. Lumacaftor is a strong inducer of CYP3A. When given in combination, lumacaftor decreases ivacaftor exposure by approximately 80%; therefore, the ivacaftor dose contained in the combination product is higher than the dose when ivacaftor is given as monotherapy (500 mg/day vs. 300 mg/day for adults). Ivacaftor exposure is further decreased when given together with other CYP3A inducers and increased when given with concomitant CYP3A inhibitors. As monotherapy, ivacaftor is a weak inhibitor of CYP3A; however, the net effect of lumacaftor; ivacaftor therapy is strong CYP3A induction. This induction may result in decreased systemic exposure and decreased therapeutic effect of other drugs that are metabolized by CYP3A. Coadministration with CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 substrates and/or drugs transported by P-glycoprotein (P-gp) may alter the exposure of these substrates. In vitro studies suggest lumacaftor has the potential to induce CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19; inhibition of CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 has also been observed. Ivacaftor has been shown to inhibit CYP2C9 in vitro. In addition, lumacaftor has the potential to both inhibit and induce P-gp, while ivacaftor is a weak P-gp inhibitor.

Oral Route

During clinical trials, the median Tmax of both lumacaftor and ivacaftor was approximately 4 hours (lumacaftor range: 2 to 9 hours; ivacaftor range: 2 to 6 hours) in the fed state. At steady state, the peak plasma concentrations of lumacaftor and ivacaftor were 25 (+/- 8) mcg/mL and 0.602 (+/- 0.3) mcg/mL, respectively, in CF patients receiving a dose of 2 tablets (lumacaftor 400 mg/ivacaftor 250 mg) every 12 hours. Exposure (AUC) was 198 (+/- 65) mcg x hour/mL for lumacaftor and 3.66 (+/- 2.25) mcg x hour/mL for ivacaftor. With repeated dosing, drug exposure increased proportionally to the dose at a range of 200 mg every 24 hours to 400 mg every 12 hours for lumacaftor and 150 mg every 12 hours to 250 mg every 12 hours for ivacaftor. In healthy patients, steady-state plasma concentrations of lumacaftor and ivacaftor were reached approximately 7 days after twice-daily treatment, with an accumulation ratio of approximately 1.9 for lumacaftor. It is important to remember that ivacaftor exposure is lower at steady state compared to day 1 of therapy because of lumacaftor's induction of CYP3A. Administration of lumacaftor; ivacaftor with fat-containing foods increased lumacaftor exposure 2-fold and ivacaftor exposure 3-fold compared to fasting state; hence, administration with fat-containing foods is recommended.

Pregnancy

There are limited and incomplete human data from clinical trials and postmarketing reports on the use of lumacaftor; ivacaftor during human pregnancy to inform a drug-associated risk. It was not found to be teratogenic in animals at lumacaftor and ivacaftor doses approximately 5 to 8 times and 7 to 45 times the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD), respectively. No adequate and well-controlled studies have been performed in pregnant women.

There is no information regarding the presence of lumacaftor or ivacaftor in human milk, the effects on the breast-feeding infant, or the effects on milk production. Both lumacaftor and ivacaftor are excreted into the breast milk of lactating rats; however, due to species-specific differences in lactation physiology, animal lactation data may not reliably predict levels in human milk. No studies have been done to assess the effects of lumacaftor; ivacaftor on a nursing infant. Consider the benefits of breast-feeding, the risk of potential infant drug exposure, and the risk of an untreated or inadequately treated condition. If a breast-feeding infant experiences an adverse effect related to a maternally ingested drug, healthcare providers are encouraged to report the adverse effect to the FDA.