CONTRAINDICATIONS / PRECAUTIONS
General Information
Some reports suggest that a false positive urine drug screen may occur for amphetamines in patients who have ingested aripiprazole. Caution should be exercised when interpreting positive urine drug screens, and confirmation by alternative tests such as gas chromatography/mass spectrometry should be considered.
Bipolar disorder, mania
All effective antidepressants can transform depression into mania or hypomania in predisposed individuals. It is generally believed (though not established in controlled trials) that treating such an episode with an antidepressant alone may increase the likelihood of precipitation of a mixed/manic episode in patients at risk for bipolar disorder. If a patient develops manic symptoms, aripiprazole should be withheld and appropriate therapy initiated to treat the manic symptoms. Additionally, depression may be the presenting symptom of a mixed/manic episode of bipolar disorder. Patients with depression or comorbid depression in the setting of other psychiatric illness being treated with antidepressants should be observed for clinical worsening and suicidality, especially during the initial few months of a course of drug therapy, or at times of dose changes. Caregivers should be advised to closely observe the patient on a daily basis and to communicate immediately with the prescriber the emergence of agitation, irritability, unusual changes in moods or behavior, or suicidality.
Agranulocytosis, hematological disease, leukopenia, neutropenia
Aripiprazole should be used with caution in patients with hematological disease. Hematologic effects including leukopenia, neutropenia, and agranulocytosis have been associated with antipsychotic use. A history of drug-induced leukopenia or neutropenia or pre-existing low white blood cell (WBC) count may increase the likelihood of developing hematologic effects during treatment with an antipsychotic medication. Patients with a history of clinically significant low WBC count or drug-induced leukopenia/neutropenia should have frequent complete blood count (CBC) assessments during the first few months of treatment. Discontinuation of the antipsychotic should be considered if a clinically significant decline in WBC occurs in the absence of an identifiable cause. Patients with clinically significant neutropenia should be closely monitored for fever and infection, and appropriate medical intervention should be instituted if necessary. Aripiprazole should be discontinued in patients with severe neutropenia (ANC < 1000/mm3); ongoing medical care is recommended until the symptoms resolve.
Alcoholism, bradycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, cardiac disease, coronary artery disease, females, heart failure, hypertension, hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypotension, hypovolemia, long QT syndrome, malnutrition, myocardial infarction, orthostatic hypotension, QT prolongation, syncope, thyroid disease
Aripiprazole can cause orthostatic hypotension associated with dizziness and, in rare cases, syncope; therefore, caution is advisable in patients with cardiac disease, cerebrovascular disease, pre-existing hypotension, or conditions that may predispose patients to hypotension (e.g., hypovolemia, dehydrated state, antihypertensive therapy). Orthostatic hypotension from antipsychotic use could lead to falls with the potential for fractures and other injuries. A fall risk assessment should be completed when initiating an antipsychotic in patients with conditions, diseases, or concurrent medication use that could exacerbate orthostasis. A fall risk assessment should be completed recurrently in at-risk patients on long-term antipsychotic therapy. In rare instances, QT prolongation has been reported during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose. Some drugs that prolong the QT interval have been associated with torsade de pointes (TdP), a life-threatening arrhythmia. Aripiprazole is considered a drug with a possible risk of TdP. Use aripiprazole with caution in patients with cardiac disease or other conditions that may increase the risk of QT prolongation including cardiac arrhythmias, congenital long QT syndrome, heart failure, bradycardia, myocardial infarction, hypertension, coronary artery disease, hypomagnesemia, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, or in patients receiving medications known to prolong the QT interval or cause electrolyte imbalances. Females, elderly patients, patients with diabetes, thyroid disease, malnutrition, alcoholism, or hepatic dysfunction may also be at increased risk for QT prolongation. It is advisable to correct electrolyte imbalances prior to initiation of aripiprazole. Because QT prolongation can occur following an overdose, an electrocardiogram should be obtained in cases of overdose.
Cerebrovascular disease, seizure disorder, seizures
In clinical trials with aripiprazole, seizures occurred in a small number of adult (0.1%) and pediatric (0.3%) patients. In addition, seizures occurred in 0.2% and 0% of patients receiving intramuscular aripiprazole and placebo, respectively, during clinical trials. For this reason, aripiprazole should be used with caution in patients with a seizure disorder or with conditions that may lower the seizure threshold (e.g. cerebrovascular disease). Conditions that lower the seizure threshold may be more prevalent in a population of 65 years or older.
Coadministration with other CNS depressants, driving or operating machinery, ethanol ingestion
Somnolence (including sedation/drowsiness) was a commonly reported adverse effect in clinical trials (11% of patients on oral aripiprazole, 8% of patients on placebo). Somnolence was also reported in 9% of patients receiving intramuscular aripiprazole versus 6% of those receiving placebo during clinical trials. In addition, somnolence has been reported more frequently in pediatric patients receiving oral aripiprazole (21%) than placebo (5%) during clinical trials. Somnolence from antipsychotic use could lead to falls with the potential for fractures and other injuries. A fall risk assessment should be completed when initiating an antipsychotic in patients with conditions, diseases, or concurrent medication use that could exacerbate somnolence. A fall risk assessment should be completed recurrently in at-risk patients on long-term antipsychotic therapy. Because aripiprazole may have the potential to impair judgment, thinking, or motor skills, patients should be cautioned about driving or operating machinery or other hazardous tasks until they are reasonably certain that aripiprazole therapy does not affect them adversely. Given the primary CNS effects of aripiprazole, caution should be used during coadministration with other CNS depressants and alcohol. Ethanol ingestion may further impair cognitive and motor skills and patients should generally be advised to avoid use of alcoholic beverages.
Dysphagia
Patients with dysphagia or who are at risk for aspiration pneumonia should be closely monitored while receiving aripiprazole. Antipsychotic drug use has been associated with esophageal dysmotility and aspiration of gastric contents, which may increase the incidence of aspiration pneumonia in certain patient populations, such as patients with advanced Alzheimer's disease.
Children, suicidal ideation
Aripiprazole has been used and FDA-approved in pediatric patients 6 years of age or older for selected indications. Injectable formulations of aripiprazole are not approved for any indication in pediatric patients. A causal role has been demonstrated with antidepressant use and emergence of suicidality in pediatric patients and young adults in a pooled evaluation of clinical studies, including pediatric patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), or other psychiatric disorders. The analysis showed a greater risk of suicidality during the first few months of treatment in the antidepressant groups. The clinical need for an antidepressant or adjunct to antidepressant therapy in children or young adults for any use must be weighed against the risk of increased suicidality; patients who are started on therapy should be observed closely for clinical worsening, suicidality, or unusual changes in behavior, particularly within the first few months of starting therapy or at the time of dose change; such observation would generally include at least weekly face-to-face contact with patients during the first 4 weeks of treatment, then every other week visits for the next 4 weeks, then at 12 weeks, and as clinically indicated beyond 12 weeks; additional contact by telephone may be appropriate between visits. It is unknown if the suicidality risk in children, adolescents, and young adults extends to longer-term therapy (i.e., beyond several months). It is advisable to closely observe all aripiprazole-treated patients, regardless of age, with major depressive disorder (MDD) or comorbid depression for clinical worsening and suicidal ideation, especially during the initial few months of antidepressant therapy, or at times of dose changes. Caregivers and/or patients should immediately notify the prescriber of agitation, irritability, unusual changes in behavior, or suicidality. A decision should be made to change or discontinue treatment in patients who exhibit changes in symptoms, worsening of depression or suicidality. In patients who exhibit changes in symptoms, worsening of depression, or suicidality, discontinuation of treatment may be necessary. If discontinuing, the medication should be tapered as rapidly as possible, but with recognition that discontinuing treatment abruptly may cause adverse symptoms. Prescriptions for aripiprazole should be written for the smallest quantity possible to reduce the risk of overdose.
Impulse control symptoms
Postmarketing reports suggest that patients can experience intense compulsive urges, particularly for gambling, and the inability to control these urges while taking aripiprazole. Less frequently reported impulse control symptoms include eating or binge-eating, shopping, and sexual actions. In some cases, these uncontrollable urges stop when the medicine is discontinued or the dose is reduced. Healthcare providers should inform patients and caregivers of the risk of impulse control symptoms when prescribing aripiprazole. Because patients may not recognize these behavioral changes as abnormal, healthcare providers should specifically ask patients about any new or increasing urges or compulsions while they are being treated with aripiprazole. Healthcare providers should closely monitor for new or worsening uncontrollable urges in patients at higher risk for impulse-control problems (e.g., personal or family history of obsessive-compulsive disorder, impulse control disorder, bipolar disorder, impulsive personality, alcoholism, drug abuse, or other addictive behaviors). It should be noted that impulse control symptoms can also be associated with the underlying disorder. A reduction in dose or discontinuation of the medicine should be considered if such urges develop since they may result in harm to the patient or others.
Diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia
Aripiprazole, like other atypical antipsychotic agents, may cause metabolic changes. Increased blood sugar or diabetes, dyslipidemia, and weight gain may occur during therapy. While all of the drugs in the atypical antipsychotic class have been shown to produce some metabolic changes, each drug has its own specific risk profile. Metabolic changes may increase cardiovascular or cerebrovascular risk over time. Metabolic changes are of particular concern patients with pre-existing risk factors, such as diabetes mellitus. Hyperglycemia, sometimes associated with diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar coma, or death, has been reported in patients treated with atypical antipsychotics. All patients treated with atypical antipsychotics, including aripiprazole, should be monitored for symptoms of hyperglycemia (e.g., polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, weakness). Patients with established diabetes mellitus who are started on atypical antipsychotics should be monitored regularly for worsening of glucose control. Patients with risk factors for diabetes mellitus (e.g., obese patients, family history of diabetes) should undergo fasting blood glucose testing at the beginning of treatment. Patients who develop symptoms of hyperglycemia during treatment should undergo fasting blood glucose testing. In some cases, hyperglycemia has resolved when the antipsychotic was discontinued; however, some patients required continuation of antidiabetic agents despite discontinuation of the suspect drug. Patients with diabetes should be advised that each mL of aripiprazole oral solution contains 400 mg of sucrose and 200 mg of fructose.
Hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, obesity
Aripiprazole, like other atypical antipsychotic agents, may cause metabolic changes. Increased blood sugar, dyslipidemia (increased cholesterol and/or triglycerides), and weight gain may occur during therapy. While all of the drugs in the atypical antipsychotic class have been shown to produce some metabolic changes, each drug has its own specific risk profile. Metabolic changes may increase cardiovascular or cerebrovascular risk over time. Metabolic changes are of particular concern patients with pre-existing risk factors, such as diabetes, obesity, or hyperlipidemia (e.g., hypercholesterolemia or hypertriglyceridemia). All patients should be informed of the importance of maintaining a nutritionally balanced diet during treatment with an antipsychotic. Clinical monitoring of weight and serum lipid profiles is recommended during aripiprazole treatment. When treating pediatric patients, weight gain should be assessed against the expected normal growth rate.
Tardive dyskinesia
Tardive dyskinesia is a syndrome of potentially irreversible, involuntary, dyskinetic movements that may develop in patients treated with antipsychotics. Periodic evaluation for movement disorders is recommended (e.g., AIMS). Although the prevalence of the syndrome appears to be highest among the elderly, especially elderly women, it is impossible to rely upon prevalence estimates to predict, at the initiation of antipsychotic treatment, which patients are likely to develop the syndrome. Whether antipsychotics differ in their potential to cause tardive dyskinesia is unknown. The risk of developing tardive dyskinesia and the likelihood that it will become irreversible are believed to increase as the duration of treatment and the total cumulative dose of antipsychotics administered to the patient increase. However, the syndrome can develop, although much less commonly, after relatively brief periods at low doses or may even arise after drug discontinuation. The syndrome may remit, partially or completely, if the antipsychotic is withdrawn. Antipsychotics may suppress (or partially suppress) the signs and symptoms of the syndrome and thereby may possibly mask the underlying process. The effect that symptomatic suppression has upon the long-term course of the syndrome is unknown. Given these considerations, aripiprazole should be prescribed in a manner that is most likely to minimize the occurrence of tardive dyskinesia. Chronic antipsychotic treatment should generally be reserved for patients who suffer from a chronic illness that is known to respond to antipsychotics, and for whom alternative, equally effective, but potentially less harmful treatments are not available or appropriate. In patients who do require chronic therapy, the smallest dose and the shortest duration producing a satisfactory clinical response should be sought. The need for continued treatment should be reassessed periodically. If signs and symptoms of tardive dyskinesia appear, aripiprazole discontinuation should be considered. However, some patients may require treatment despite the presence of the syndrome.
Neurological disease, Parkinson's disease
Antipsychotics can cause motor and sensory instability, which may lead to falls with the potential for fractures and other injuries. A fall risk assessment should be completed when initiating an antipsychotic in patients with diseases (e.g., neurological disease), conditions, or concurrent medication use that could exacerbate motor and sensory instability. A fall risk assessment should be completed recurrently in at-risk patients on long-term antipsychotic therapy. Pseudoparkinsonism was reported infrequently during clinical trial evaluation of aripiprazole; therefore, the drug should be used with caution in patients with Parkinson's disease because of the possible development of extrapyramidal symptoms. However, atypical antipsychotics like aripiprazole are less likely to interfere with treatments for Parkinson's disease than traditional antipsychotic agents.
Ambient temperature increase, dehydration, hyperthermia, hypothermia, strenuous exercise
Antipsychotics have been reported to disrupt the body's ability to reduce core body temperature presumably through effects in the hypothalamus, and they predispose patients to hyperthermia. Patients receiving aripiprazole should be advised of conditions that contribute to an elevation in core body temperature (e.g., strenuous exercise, ambient temperature increase, or dehydration). A less frequently described alteration in thermoregulatory processes reported with both conventional and atypical antipsychotics is hypothermia. Thermoregulation is multi-factorial; however, the dopaminergic system appears to have a primary role, and serotonin may also have modulatory activity (5-HT2a receptors). Most cases of hypothermia associated with antipsychotics have occurred in conjunction with other potential precipitating factors such as hypothyroidism, sepsis, organic brain injury, or environmental temperature. Hypothermia appears to occur more frequently during initiation of antipsychotic therapy or after dose increases.
Poor metabolizers
Aristada Initio (single dose extended-release intramuscular injection) should be avoided in known CYP2D6 poor metabolizers (CYP2D6 PMs). Dosage adjustments of all other formulations of aripiprazole (e.g., Abilify, Abilify Mycite, Abilify Maintena, Aristada) are recommended in known CYP2D6 PMs due to high aripiprazole concentrations. Approximately 8% of Caucasians and 3% to 8% of Black/African Americans cannot metabolize CYP2D6 substrates and are classified as CYP2D6 PMs.
Abrupt discontinuation
When discontinuing treatment with antipsychotic or antidepressant treatment, the clinician should recognize that abrupt discontinuation of immediate-release dose forms in some patients can cause adverse symptoms. While immediate discontinuation of an antipsychotic treatment may be acceptable for some patients, more gradual discontinuation may be most appropriate for others. With extended-release injections, rate-limited elimination of aripiprazole occurs following any given dose.
Dementia, geriatric, stroke
Reported clinical experience and pharmacokinetic data with aripiprazole have not identified differences in responses between geriatric and younger adult patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range. Antipsychotics are not approved for the treatment of dementia-related psychosis in elderly patients.[42845] [53394] [60196] All atypical antipsychotic labels include a boxed warning regarding increased morbidity and mortality (1.6 to 1.7 times vs. placebo) reported in geriatric patients with dementia receiving atypical antipsychotics. Deaths typically occurred due to heart failure, sudden death, or infections (primarily pneumonia). An increased incidence of cerebrovascular adverse events (e.g., stroke, transient ischemic attack), including fatal events, has also been reported. According to the Beers Criteria, antipsychotics are considered potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) in elderly patients, and use should be avoided except for treating schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, and for short-term use as antiemetics during chemotherapy. Avoid use of aripiprazole in geriatric patients with the following conditions due to the potential for symptom exacerbation or adverse effects: delirium (possible new-onset or worsening delirium), dementia (adverse CNS effects), and Parkinson's disease (symptom exacerbation). There is an increased risk of stroke and a greater rate of cognitive decline and mortality in persons with dementia receiving antipsychotics. The Beers expert panel recommends avoiding antipsychotics to treat delirium- or dementia-related behavioral problems unless non-pharmacological options have failed or are not possible and the patient is a substantial threat to self or others. Avoid antipsychotics in elderly patients with a history of falls or fractures unless safer alternatives are not available since antipsychotics can cause ataxia, impaired psychomotor function, syncope, and new falls. If use is necessary, consider reducing the use of other CNS-active medications and implement other strategies to reduce fall risk. Because antipsychotics can cause or exacerbate hyponatremia and SIADH, particularly in the elderly, sodium levels should be closely monitored when starting or changing dosages of antipsychotics in older adults.[63923] The federal Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) regulates medication use in residents of long-term care facilities (LTCFs). An antipsychotic should generally be used only for the conditions listed in the guidelines (e.g., schizophrenia, mood disorder, Tourette's disorder) and meet the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) criteria for use. The LTCF must identify and address all possible causes of behavioral or psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) before considering an antipsychotic, as there is an increased risk of morbidity and mortality in elderly patients treated with antipsychotics for dementia-related psychosis. To initiate antipsychotic therapy, the patient must either be a danger to self or others or have symptoms due to mania or psychosis, and the plan of care should document attempted behavioral interventions (except in an emergency). Limit emergency treatment to 7 days or less and evaluate/document within 7 days the contributors/causes to the symptoms. For acute conditions persisting beyond 7 days, appropriate non-pharmacologic interventions must be attempted, unless clinically contraindicated and documented. Treatment of non-acute, chronic, or prolonged BPSD must meet all of the OBRA criteria for BPSD treatment and ensure that the behavioral symptoms are not due to a treatable medical condition or correctable environmental or psychological stressors alone and the facility must provide documented evidence of persistence. The LTCF must evaluate the appropriateness of antipsychotic treatment during or within 2 weeks of admission for a newly admitted resident. OBRA provides general dosing guidance for antipsychotic treatment of BPSD. In all cases, the lowest possible dose and the shortest duration should be prescribed and the facility should monitor for ongoing effectiveness and potential adverse effects. Antipsychotics are subject to periodic review for effectiveness, medical necessity/rationale for use, and the potential for gradual dose reduction (GDR) or discontinuation. Refer to the OBRA guidelines for complete information.[60742]
Neonates, pregnancy, pregnancy testing
Aripiprazole is recommended for use during pregnancy only when the benefits to the mother outweigh the potential risks to the fetus. Animal studies have shown evidence of developmental toxicity, including possible teratogenicity, and an increase in stillbirths. Neonates exposed to antipsychotics during the third trimester of pregnancy are at risk for extrapyramidal and/or withdrawal symptoms following delivery. There have been reports of agitation, hypertonia, hypotonia, tremor, somnolence, respiratory distress and feeding disorder in these neonates. These complications have varied in severity and have ranged from self-limited to those requiring intensive care unit support and prolonged hospitalization. Neonates exhibiting signs or symptoms of extrapyramidal effects or withdrawal should be carefully monitored. The knowledge about long-term neurobehavioral effects in offspring is limited for all antipsychotic agents and requires further investigation. According to the American Psychiatric Association treatment guidelines for schizophrenia, consider pregnancy testing in women of childbearing potential prior to initiation of an antipsychotic. The National Pregnancy Registry for Psychiatric Medications is dedicated to evaluating the safety of psychiatric medications that may be taken by women during pregnancy to treat a wide range of mood, anxiety, or psychiatric disorders. The primary goal of this Registry is to determine the frequency of major malformations, such as heart defects, cleft lip, or neural tube defects, in babies exposed to various psychiatric drugs during pregnancy. While the research concentrates on atypical antipsychotics and antidepressant use, pregnant women using other psychiatric medications are encouraged to register. For more information, contact the registry at https://womensmentalhealth.org/clinical-and-research-programs/pregnancyregistry or by phone 1-866-961-2388. It is not known if antipsychotics, through their effect on prolactin, would affect labor or obstetric delivery.
Breast-feeding
According to the manufacturer, a decision should be made to discontinue breast-feeding or discontinue aripiprazole, taking into account the importance of drug therapy to the mother. Aripiprazole is excreted into human breast milk. Milk to plasma ratios of approximately 0.18 to 0.2 have been reported. However, there is a variation of about 11-fold in the relative infant dose of this drug (0.7% to 8.3%). In addition, aripiprazole can accumulate in an infant because of the long elimination half-life of the drug (approximately 75 hours) and the immature hepatic and renal functions of the developing infant. Due to individual variability in response to antipsychotics, it may be prudent to continue the existing regimen if ongoing treatment is deemed necessary during breast-feeding. However, because there is a lack of experience with aripiprazole during breast-feeding, other agents may be preferred especially while nursing a newborn or preterm infant. Alternate medications for consideration include atypical agents such as olanzapine or quetiapine. Data related to the safety of antipsychotics during breast-feeding are limited and chronic administration of any antipsychotic during breast-feeding should be avoided if possible. Regardless of the antipsychotic used, the nursing infant should be closely monitored for excessive drowsiness, lethargy, and developmental delays. Combination treatment with antipsychotics may increase the risk of these adverse events. Consider the benefits of breast-feeding, the risk of potential infant drug exposure, and the risk of an untreated or inadequately treated condition. If a breast-feeding infant experiences an adverse effect related to a maternally ingested drug, healthcare providers are encouraged to report the adverse effect to the FDA.
Phenylketonuria
Aripiprazole orally disintegrating tablets (i.e., Abilify Discmelt) should be used cautiously in patients with phenylketonuria, as the tablets contain aspartame, a source of phenylalanine. Each 10 mg orally disintegrating tablet contains 1.12 mg of phenylalanine and each 15 mg orally disintegrating tablet contains 1.68 mg of phenylalanine.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Patients should be instructed to remove the Mycite topical patch, which is used with the aripiprazole tablet with sensor (Abilify Mycite tablet), before undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and replace with a new patch as directed as soon as possible after the MRI. Metal components contained in the backing of some patch systems can overheat during an MRI scan and cause skin burns in the area where the patch is adhered. If there is skin irritation that occurs with the patch at anytime, instruct patients to remove the patch and notify their healthcare prescriber.
Ensure correct formulation selection
Medication errors, including substitution and dispensing errors, may occur when selecting between the distinct extended-release aripiprazole lauroxil intramuscular injections, Aristada and Aristada Initio. Dosing and medication errors may also possibly occur with Abilify Maintena injections (aripiprazole extended-release injections). Prescribers and health care professionals administering the drug should ensure correct formulation selection during prescribing and before administration. The various injections have distinct properties. For example, Aristada Initio is for single administration in contrast to Aristada which is a maintenance injection administered monthly, every 6 weeks, or every 8 weeks. Do not substitute Aristada Initio for Aristada since these products have different pharmacokinetic profiles.[60196]
DRUG INTERACTIONS
Abarelix: (Major) Abarelix carries an established risk for QT prolongation. Prescribers need to weigh the potential benefits and risks of abarelix use in patients with prolonged QT syndrome or in patients taking other drugs that may prolong the QT interval. QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose.
Abiraterone: (Moderate) Because aripiprazole is partially metabolized by CYP2D6, patients should be carefully monitored for aripiprazole-related adverse reactions during concurrent use of a moderate CYP2D6 inhibitor such as abiraterone. Because aripiprazole is also metabolized by CYP3A4, patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 inhibitor and abiraterone should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adults receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 inhibitor and abiraterone for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. There are no dosing recommendations for Aristada or Aristada Initio during use of a moderate CYP2D6 inhibitor alone.
Acarbose: (Moderate) Atypical antipsychotic therapy may aggravate diabetes mellitus and cause metabolic changes such as hyperglycemia. Monitor patients on antidiabetic agents for worsening glycemic control. The atypical antipsychotics have been associated with metabolic changes, including hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar, hyperglycemic states, and diabetic coma. Aggravation of diabetes mellitus has been reported. Possible mechanisms include atypical antipsychotic-induced insulin resistance or direct beta-cell inhibition.
Acebutolol: (Minor) Aripiprazole may enhance the hypotensive effects of antihypertensive agents. It may be advisable to monitor blood pressure when these medications are coadministered.
Acetaminophen; Butalbital: (Major) Because aripiprazole is metabolized by CYP3A4, the manufacturer recommends that the oral aripiprazole dose be doubled over 1 to 2 weeks when strong CYP3A4 inducers, such as barbiturates, are added to aripiprazole therapy. If these agents are used in combination, the patient should be carefully monitored for a decrease in aripiprazole efficacy. When the CYP3A4 inducer is withdrawn from the combination therapy, the aripiprazole dose in adults should be reduced over 1 to 2 weeks to the original level. Avoid concurrent use of Abilify Maintena with a CYP3A4 inducer when the combined treatment period exceeds 14 days because aripiprazole blood concentrations decline and may become suboptimal. In adults receiving 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg of Aristada and receiving a strong CYP3A4 inducer, no dosage adjustment is necessary; however, the 441 mg dose should be increased to 662 mg if the CYP inducer is added for more than 2 weeks. Avoid concurrent use of Aristada Initio and strong CYP3A4 inducers. Additive CNS effects are possible, including drowsiness or dizziness. Patients should report any unusual changes in moods or behaviors while taking this combination.
Acetaminophen; Butalbital; Caffeine: (Major) Because aripiprazole is metabolized by CYP3A4, the manufacturer recommends that the oral aripiprazole dose be doubled over 1 to 2 weeks when strong CYP3A4 inducers, such as barbiturates, are added to aripiprazole therapy. If these agents are used in combination, the patient should be carefully monitored for a decrease in aripiprazole efficacy. When the CYP3A4 inducer is withdrawn from the combination therapy, the aripiprazole dose in adults should be reduced over 1 to 2 weeks to the original level. Avoid concurrent use of Abilify Maintena with a CYP3A4 inducer when the combined treatment period exceeds 14 days because aripiprazole blood concentrations decline and may become suboptimal. In adults receiving 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg of Aristada and receiving a strong CYP3A4 inducer, no dosage adjustment is necessary; however, the 441 mg dose should be increased to 662 mg if the CYP inducer is added for more than 2 weeks. Avoid concurrent use of Aristada Initio and strong CYP3A4 inducers. Additive CNS effects are possible, including drowsiness or dizziness. Patients should report any unusual changes in moods or behaviors while taking this combination.
Acetaminophen; Butalbital; Caffeine; Codeine: (Major) Because aripiprazole is metabolized by CYP3A4, the manufacturer recommends that the oral aripiprazole dose be doubled over 1 to 2 weeks when strong CYP3A4 inducers, such as barbiturates, are added to aripiprazole therapy. If these agents are used in combination, the patient should be carefully monitored for a decrease in aripiprazole efficacy. When the CYP3A4 inducer is withdrawn from the combination therapy, the aripiprazole dose in adults should be reduced over 1 to 2 weeks to the original level. Avoid concurrent use of Abilify Maintena with a CYP3A4 inducer when the combined treatment period exceeds 14 days because aripiprazole blood concentrations decline and may become suboptimal. In adults receiving 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg of Aristada and receiving a strong CYP3A4 inducer, no dosage adjustment is necessary; however, the 441 mg dose should be increased to 662 mg if the CYP inducer is added for more than 2 weeks. Avoid concurrent use of Aristada Initio and strong CYP3A4 inducers. Additive CNS effects are possible, including drowsiness or dizziness. Patients should report any unusual changes in moods or behaviors while taking this combination.
Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Doxylamine: (Moderate) Due to the primary CNS effects of aripiprazole, caution should be used when aripiprazole is given in combination with other centrally-acting medications including benzodiazepines and other anxiolytics, sedatives, and hypnotics.
Acetaminophen; Dichloralphenazone; Isometheptene: (Moderate) Drugs that can cause CNS depression, including dichloralphenazone, can increase both the frequency and the intensity of adverse effects such as drowsiness, sedation, and dizziness if used concomitantly with atypical antipsychotics.
Acetaminophen; Pentazocine: (Moderate) Coadministration of pentazocine with atypical antipsychotics may result in additive respiratory and CNS depression and anticholinergic effects, such as urinary retention and constipation. Use pentazocine with caution in any patient receiving medication with CNS depressant and/or anticholinergic activity.
Acetaminophen; Tramadol: (Moderate) Concurrent use of tramadol and aripiprazole should be avoided if possible. Antipsychotics may enhance the seizure risk of tramadol. Additive CNS depression may also be seen with the concomitant use of tramadol and aripiprazole. Similar precautions apply to combination products containing tramadol such as acetaminophen; tramadol.
Acrivastine; Pseudoephedrine: (Moderate) Due to the primary CNS effects of aripiprazole, caution should be used when aripiprazole is given in combination with other centrally-acting medications including sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may occur.
Albiglutide: (Moderate) Atypical antipsychotic therapy may aggravate diabetes mellitus and cause metabolic changes such as hyperglycemia. Monitor patients on antidiabetic agents for worsening glycemic control. The atypical antipsychotics have been associated with metabolic changes, including hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar, hyperglycemic states, and diabetic coma. Aggravation of diabetes mellitus has been reported. Possible mechanisms include atypical antipsychotic-induced insulin resistance or direct beta-cell inhibition.
Albuterol: (Minor) QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose. Caution advised if administering with other drugs that may cause QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP), including the beta-agonists. Beta-agonists may cause adverse cardiovascular effects such as QT prolongation, usually at higher doses and/or when associated with hypokalemia.
Albuterol; Ipratropium: (Minor) QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose. Caution advised if administering with other drugs that may cause QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP), including the beta-agonists. Beta-agonists may cause adverse cardiovascular effects such as QT prolongation, usually at higher doses and/or when associated with hypokalemia.
Aldesleukin, IL-2: (Moderate) Because aripiprazole is metabolized by CYP3A4, increased aripiprazole blood levels may occur when the drug is coadministered with inhibitors of CYP3A4 such as aldesleukin, IL-2. If these agents are used in combination, the patient should be carefully monitored for aripiprazole-related adverse reactions, particularly CNS effects. In addition, because aripiprazole is also metabolized by CYP2D6, patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adults receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. There are no dosing recommendations for Aristada or Aristada Initio during use of a mild to moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor.
Alfuzosin: (Major) QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose. Based on electrophysiology studies performed by the manufacturer, alfuzosin has a slight effect to prolong the QT interva, which appears to be dose-dependent. The QT prolongation appeared less with alfuzosin 10 mg than with 40 mg. The QT effect of alfuzosin should be considered prior to administering the drug to patients taking other medications known to prolong the QT interval. Aripiprazole may also be associated with a significant prolongation of the QTc interval in rare instances. Concurrent use may result in additive effects on the QT interval.
Aliskiren; Amlodipine: (Minor) Aripiprazole may enhance the hypotensive effects of antihypertensive agents.
Aliskiren; Amlodipine; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Minor) Aripiprazole may enhance the hypotensive effects of antihypertensive agents.
Alogliptin: (Moderate) Atypical antipsychotic therapy may aggravate diabetes mellitus and cause metabolic changes such as hyperglycemia. Monitor patients on antidiabetic agents for worsening glycemic control. The atypical antipsychotics have been associated with metabolic changes, including hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar, hyperglycemic states, and diabetic coma. Aggravation of diabetes mellitus has been reported. Possible mechanisms include atypical antipsychotic-induced insulin resistance or direct beta-cell inhibition.
Alogliptin; Metformin: (Moderate) Atypical antipsychotic therapy may aggravate diabetes mellitus and cause metabolic changes such as hyperglycemia. Monitor patients on antidiabetic agents for worsening glycemic control. The atypical antipsychotics have been associated with metabolic changes, including hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar, hyperglycemic states, and diabetic coma. Aggravation of diabetes mellitus has been reported. Possible mechanisms include atypical antipsychotic-induced insulin resistance or direct beta-cell inhibition.
Alogliptin; Pioglitazone: (Moderate) Atypical antipsychotic therapy may aggravate diabetes mellitus and cause metabolic changes such as hyperglycemia. Monitor patients on antidiabetic agents for worsening glycemic control. The atypical antipsychotics have been associated with metabolic changes, including hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar, hyperglycemic states, and diabetic coma. Aggravation of diabetes mellitus has been reported. Possible mechanisms include atypical antipsychotic-induced insulin resistance or direct beta-cell inhibition.
Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitors: (Moderate) Atypical antipsychotic therapy may aggravate diabetes mellitus and cause metabolic changes such as hyperglycemia. Monitor patients on antidiabetic agents for worsening glycemic control. The atypical antipsychotics have been associated with metabolic changes, including hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar, hyperglycemic states, and diabetic coma. Aggravation of diabetes mellitus has been reported. Possible mechanisms include atypical antipsychotic-induced insulin resistance or direct beta-cell inhibition.
Alprazolam: (Moderate) Due to the primary CNS effects of aripiprazole, caution should be used when aripiprazole is given in combination with other centrally-acting medications including benzodiazepines and other anxiolytics, sedatives, and hypnotics. The intensity of sedation and orthostatic hypotension is greater during concurrent use of lorazepam and oral aripiprazole and during use of a parenteral benzodiazepine and intramuscular (IM) aripiprazole compared to aripiprazole alone; therefore, patients receiving a benzodiazepine with oral or parenteral aripiprazole should be monitored for sedation and blood pressure and the dose should be adjusted accordingly. Data from the manufacturer indicate there are no clinically significant pharmacokinetic changes when aripiprazole is given with lorazepam.
Amifampridine: (Major) Carefully consider the need for concomitant treatment with atypical antipsychotics and amifampridine, as coadministration may increase the risk of seizures. If coadministration occurs, closely monitor patients for seizure activity. Seizures have been observed in patients without a history of seizures taking amifampridine at recommended doses. Atypical antipsychotics may increase the risk of seizures.
Amiodarone: (Major) Because both amiodarone and aripiprazole are associated with a possible risk for QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP), the combination should be used cautiously and with close monitoring. In addition, because aripiprazole is metabolized by CYP3A4 and CYP2D6, the manufacturer recommends that the oral aripiprazole dose be reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose in patients receiving inhibitors of both CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 such as amiodarone. If these agents are used in combination, the patient should be carefully monitored for aripiprazole-related adverse reactions. Adults receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. There are no dosing recommendations for Aristada or Aristada Initio during use of mild to moderate CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitors.
Amitriptyline: (Moderate) Combination therapy with aripiprazole and tricyclic antidepressants should be approached with caution and close monitoring. Aripiprazole has a risk for QT prolongation and torsade de pointes, and tricyclics at elevated serum concentrations may produce clinically significant prolongation of the QTc interval. In addition, there is potential for other interactions, such as augmentation of anticholinergic effects.
Amitriptyline; Chlordiazepoxide: (Moderate) Combination therapy with aripiprazole and tricyclic antidepressants should be approached with caution and close monitoring. Aripiprazole has a risk for QT prolongation and torsade de pointes, and tricyclics at elevated serum concentrations may produce clinically significant prolongation of the QTc interval. In addition, there is potential for other interactions, such as augmentation of anticholinergic effects. (Moderate) Due to the primary CNS effects of aripiprazole, caution should be used when aripiprazole is given in combination with other centrally-acting medications including benzodiazepines and other anxiolytics, sedatives, and hypnotics. The intensity of sedation and orthostatic hypotension is greater during concurrent use of lorazepam and oral aripiprazole and during use of a parenteral benzodiazepine and intramuscular (IM) aripiprazole compared to aripiprazole alone; therefore, patients receiving a benzodiazepine with oral or parenteral aripiprazole should be monitored for sedation and blood pressure and the dose should be adjusted accordingly. Data from the manufacturer indicate there are no clinically significant pharmacokinetic changes when aripiprazole is given with lorazepam.
Amlodipine: (Minor) Aripiprazole may enhance the hypotensive effects of antihypertensive agents.
Amlodipine; Atorvastatin: (Minor) Aripiprazole may enhance the hypotensive effects of antihypertensive agents.
Amlodipine; Benazepril: (Minor) Aripiprazole may enhance the hypotensive effects of antihypertensive agents.
Amlodipine; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Olmesartan: (Minor) Aripiprazole may enhance the hypotensive effects of antihypertensive agents.
Amlodipine; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Valsartan: (Minor) Aripiprazole may enhance the hypotensive effects of antihypertensive agents.
Amlodipine; Olmesartan: (Minor) Aripiprazole may enhance the hypotensive effects of antihypertensive agents.
Amlodipine; Telmisartan: (Minor) Aripiprazole may enhance the hypotensive effects of antihypertensive agents.
Amlodipine; Valsartan: (Minor) Aripiprazole may enhance the hypotensive effects of antihypertensive agents.
Amobarbital: (Major) Because aripiprazole is metabolized by CYP3A4, the manufacturer recommends that the oral aripiprazole dose be doubled over 1 to 2 weeks when strong CYP3A4 inducers, such as barbiturates, are added to aripiprazole therapy. If these agents are used in combination, the patient should be carefully monitored for a decrease in aripiprazole efficacy. When the CYP3A4 inducer is withdrawn from the combination therapy, the aripiprazole dose in adults should be reduced over 1 to 2 weeks to the original level. Avoid concurrent use of Abilify Maintena with a CYP3A4 inducer when the combined treatment period exceeds 14 days because aripiprazole blood concentrations decline and may become suboptimal. In adults receiving 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg of Aristada and receiving a strong CYP3A4 inducer, no dosage adjustment is necessary; however, the 441 mg dose should be increased to 662 mg if the CYP inducer is added for more than 2 weeks. Avoid concurrent use of Aristada Initio and strong CYP3A4 inducers. Additive CNS effects are possible, including drowsiness or dizziness. Patients should report any unusual changes in moods or behaviors while taking this combination.
Amoxapine: (Moderate) Use caution during co-administration of amoxapine and aripiprazole. Amoxapine exhibits some antipsychotic activity and may increase the risk of tardive dyskinesia or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) when antipsychotics are given concurrently. CNS effects, orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic effects, and lowering of seizure threshold are potential problems with the combined use of amoxapine and antipsychotics.
Amoxicillin; Clarithromycin; Lansoprazole: (Major) Because both clarithromycin and aripiprazole are associated with a possible risk for QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP), the combination should be used cautiously and with close monitoring. In addition, because aripiprazole is partially metabolized by CYP3A4, the manufacturer recommends that the oral aripiprazole dose be reduced to one-half of the usual dose in patients receiving strong inhibitors of CYP3A4 such as clarithromycin. In adults receiving 300 mg or 400 mg of Abilify Maintena, dose reductions to 200 mg or 300 mg, respectively, are recommended if the CYP3A4 inhibitor is used for more than 14 days. In adults receiving Aristada, the Aristada dose should be reduced to the next lower strength during use of a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days. For patients receiving 882 mg of Aristada every 6 weeks or 1,064 mg every 2 months, the next lower strength should be 441 mg administered every 4 weeks. No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients taking 441 mg IM of Aristada, if tolerated. Because aripiprazole is also metabolized by CYP2D6, patients classified as CYP2D6 poor metabolizers (PMs) who are receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor or patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adult patients receiving Abilify Maintena who are PMs and receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor should have a dose reduction to 200 mg/month IM. Patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. Adults receiving Aristada who are PMs of CYP2D6 and receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their dose reduced from 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg to 441 mg IM; no dose adjustment is needed in patients receiving 441 mg of Aristada, if tolerated. In adults receiving Aristada 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg, combined use of a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor and a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days should be avoided; no dose adjustment is needed in patients taking 441 mg, if tolerated. Avoid concurrent use of Aristada Initio and strong CYP3A4 inhibitors because the dose of Aristada Initio cannot be modified.
Amoxicillin; Clarithromycin; Omeprazole: (Major) Because both clarithromycin and aripiprazole are associated with a possible risk for QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP), the combination should be used cautiously and with close monitoring. In addition, because aripiprazole is partially metabolized by CYP3A4, the manufacturer recommends that the oral aripiprazole dose be reduced to one-half of the usual dose in patients receiving strong inhibitors of CYP3A4 such as clarithromycin. In adults receiving 300 mg or 400 mg of Abilify Maintena, dose reductions to 200 mg or 300 mg, respectively, are recommended if the CYP3A4 inhibitor is used for more than 14 days. In adults receiving Aristada, the Aristada dose should be reduced to the next lower strength during use of a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days. For patients receiving 882 mg of Aristada every 6 weeks or 1,064 mg every 2 months, the next lower strength should be 441 mg administered every 4 weeks. No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients taking 441 mg IM of Aristada, if tolerated. Because aripiprazole is also metabolized by CYP2D6, patients classified as CYP2D6 poor metabolizers (PMs) who are receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor or patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adult patients receiving Abilify Maintena who are PMs and receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor should have a dose reduction to 200 mg/month IM. Patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. Adults receiving Aristada who are PMs of CYP2D6 and receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their dose reduced from 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg to 441 mg IM; no dose adjustment is needed in patients receiving 441 mg of Aristada, if tolerated. In adults receiving Aristada 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg, combined use of a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor and a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days should be avoided; no dose adjustment is needed in patients taking 441 mg, if tolerated. Avoid concurrent use of Aristada Initio and strong CYP3A4 inhibitors because the dose of Aristada Initio cannot be modified.
Amphetamine: (Major) Concurrent use of antipsychotics and amphetamines should generally be avoided. Antipsychotics and amphetamines may interact pharmacodynamically to diminish the therapeutic effects of either agent through opposing effects on dopamine. Amphetamines are thought to block central dopamine reuptake, which has the potential to exacerbate psychosis, and antipsychotics, which are central dopamine antagonists, may diminish the effectiveness of amphetamines.
Amphetamine; Dextroamphetamine: (Major) Concurrent use of antipsychotics and amphetamines should generally be avoided. Antipsychotics and amphetamines may interact pharmacodynamically to diminish the therapeutic effects of either agent through opposing effects on dopamine. Amphetamines are thought to block central dopamine reuptake, which has the potential to exacerbate psychosis, and antipsychotics, which are central dopamine antagonists, may diminish the effectiveness of amphetamines.
Amphetamines: (Major) Concurrent use of antipsychotics and amphetamines should generally be avoided. Antipsychotics and amphetamines may interact pharmacodynamically to diminish the therapeutic effects of either agent through opposing effects on dopamine. Amphetamines are thought to block central dopamine reuptake, which has the potential to exacerbate psychosis, and antipsychotics, which are central dopamine antagonists, may diminish the effectiveness of amphetamines.
Amprenavir: (Major) Because aripiprazole is partially metabolized by CYP3A4, the manufacturer recommends that the oral aripiprazole dose be reduced to one-half of the usual dose in patients receiving strong inhibitors of CYP3A4 such as amprenavir. If these agents are used in combination, the patient should be carefully monitored for aripiprazole-related adverse reactions. Because aripiprazole is also metabolized by CYP2D6, patients classified as CYP2D6 poor metabolizers (PMs) who are receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor or patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. In adults receiving 300 mg or 400 mg of Abilify Maintena, dose reductions to 200 mg or 300 mg, respectively, are recommended if the CYP3A4 inhibitor is used for more than 14 days. Adult patients receiving Abilify Maintena who are PMs and receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor should have a dose reduction to 200 mg/month IM. Patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. In adults receiving Aristada, the Aristada dose should be reduced to the next lower strength during use of a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days. For patients receiving 882 mg of Aristada every 6 weeks or 1,064 mg every 2 months, the next lower strength should be 441 mg administered every 4 weeks. No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients taking 441 mg IM of Aristada, if tolerated. Adults receiving Aristada who are PMs of CYP2D6 and receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their dose reduced from 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg to 441 mg IM; no dose adjustment is needed in patients receiving 441 mg of Aristada, if tolerated. In adults receiving Aristada 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg, combined use of a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor and a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days should be avoided; no dose adjustment is needed in patients taking 441 mg, if tolerated. Avoid concurrent use of Aristada Initio and strong CYP3A4 inhibitors because the dose of Aristada Initio cannot be modified.
Anagrelide: (Moderate) Caution is advised if aripiprazole is administered with anagrelide. Torsades de pointes (TdP) and ventricular tachycardia have been reported with anagrelide. In addition, dose-related increases in mean QTc and heart rate were observed in healthy subjects. A cardiovascular examination, including an ECG, should be obtained in all patients prior to initiating anagrelide therapy. Monitor patients during anagrelide therapy for cardiovascular effects and evaluate as necessary. QT prolongation has also occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose.
Angiotensin II receptor antagonists: (Minor) Aripiprazole may enhance the hypotensive effects of antihypertensive agents.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: (Minor) Aripiprazole may enhance the hypotensive effects of antihypertensive agents.
Apalutamide: (Major) Because aripiprazole is metabolized by CYP3A4, the manufacturer recommends that the oral aripiprazole dose be doubled over 1 to 2 weeks when a potent CYP3A4 inducer, such as apalutamide, is added to aripiprazole therapy with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. If these agents are used in combination, the patient should be carefully monitored for a decrease in aripiprazole efficacy. When apalutamide is discontinued, the aripiprazole dose in adults should be reduced to the original dose over 1 to 2 weeks. Avoid concurrent use of Abilify Maintena with apalutamide when the combined treatment period exceeds 14 days because aripiprazole blood concentrations decline and may become suboptimal. In adults receiving Aristada with apalutamide, no dosage adjustment is necessary for the 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg dose; increase the 441 mg dose to 662 mg if apalutamide is added for more than 2 weeks. Avoid concurrent use of Aristada Initio and strong CYP3A4 inducers.
Apomorphine: (Major) QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose. Limited data indicate that QT prolongation is possible with apomorphine administration; the change in QTc interval is not significant in most patients receiving dosages within the manufacturer's guidelines. In one study, a single mean dose of 5.2 mg (range 210 mg) prolonged the QT interval by about 3 msec. However, large increases (> 60 msecs from pre-dose) have occurred in two patients receiving 6 mg doses. Doses <= 6 mg SC are associated with minimal increases in QTc; doses > 6 mg SC do not provide additional clinical benefit and are not recommended.
Aprepitant, Fosaprepitant: (Moderate) Caution is recommended during coadministration of aripiprazole, a partial CYP3A4 substrate, and aprepitant. A 3-day course of oral aprepitant with another CYP3A4 substrate resulted in an increased AUC of the substrate during the initial days following treatment (e.g., 4 days), then the substrate AUC declined between Days 8 and 15. Single doses of oral aprepitant or IV fosaprepitant have demonstrated weak CYP3A4 inhibition that is not considered clinically relevant. If these agents are coadministered, the patient should be carefully monitored for aripiprazole-related adverse reactions such as QT prolongation or torsade de pointes (TdP). In addition, because aripiprazole is also metabolized by CYP2D6, patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adults receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. There are no dosing recommendations for Aristada or Aristada Initio during use of a mild to moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor.
Arformoterol: (Moderate) QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose. Caution advised if administering with other drugs that may cause QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP), including beta-agonists.
Armodafinil: (Moderate) In vitro data indicate that armodafinil is an inducer of CYP3A4/5 isoenzymes. Decreased blood levels of aripiprazole are expected when the drug is coadministered with inducers of CYP3A4, such as armodafinil. A dosage adjustment of aripiprazole may be necessary when these drugs are used concomitantly, and conversely, when armodafinil is discontinued in a patient taking aripiprazole. Avoid concurrent use of Abilify Maintena with a CYP3A4 inducer when the combined treatment period exceeds 14 days because aripiprazole blood concentrations decline and may become suboptimal. There are no dosing recommendations for Aristada or Aristada Initio during use of a mild to moderate CYP3A4 inducer.
Arsenic Trioxide: (Major) QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose. If possible, drugs that are known to prolong the QT interval should be discontinued prior to initiating arsenic trioxide therapy. QT prolongation should be expected with the administration of arsenic trioxide. Torsade de pointes (TdP) and complete atrioventricular block have been reported.
Artemether; Lumefantrine: (Major) Because both artemether; lumefantrine and aripiprazole are associated with a possible risk for QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP), the combination should be used cautiously and with close monitoring. In addition, because aripiprazole is metabolized by CYP2D6, the manufacturer recommends that the oral aripiprazole dose be reduced to one-half of the usual dose in patients receiving potent inhibitors of CYP2D6 such as lumefantrine. Adults receiving 300 mg or 400 mg of Abilify Maintena should have a dose reduction to 200 mg or 300 mg, respectively, during coadministration of a potent CYP2D6 inhibitor if used for more than 14 days. In adults receiving Aristada, the Aristada dose should be reduced to the next lower strength during use of a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days. For patients receiving 882 mg of Aristada every 6 weeks or 1,064 mg every 2 months, the next lower strength should be 441 mg administered every 4 weeks. No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients taking 441 mg of Aristada, if tolerated. Because aripiprazole is also metabolized by CYP3A4, patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. In adults receiving Aristada 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg, combined use of a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor and a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days should be avoided; no dose adjustment is needed in patients taking 441 mg, if tolerated. Avoid concurrent use of Aristada Initio and strong CYP2D6 inhibitors because the dose of Aristada Initio cannot be modified.
Asenapine: (Major) QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose. Asenapine is an atypical antipsychotics with a possible risk for QT prolongation and TdP that should be used cautiously and with close monitoring with aripiprazole. In addition, caution is advisable when aripiprazole is given in combination with other CNS depressants such as other atypical antipsychotics. The risk of drowsiness, dizziness, hypotension, extrapyramidal symptoms, anticholinergic effects, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, tardive dyskinesia, or seizures may be increased during combined use; therefore, it may be advisable to initiate treatment with lower dosages if combination therapy is deemed necessary. The likelihood of these pharmacodynamic interactions varies based upon the individual properties of the co-administered antipsychotic agent.
Aspirin, ASA; Butalbital; Caffeine: (Major) Because aripiprazole is metabolized by CYP3A4, the manufacturer recommends that the oral aripiprazole dose be doubled over 1 to 2 weeks when strong CYP3A4 inducers, such as barbiturates, are added to aripiprazole therapy. If these agents are used in combination, the patient should be carefully monitored for a decrease in aripiprazole efficacy. When the CYP3A4 inducer is withdrawn from the combination therapy, the aripiprazole dose in adults should be reduced over 1 to 2 weeks to the original level. Avoid concurrent use of Abilify Maintena with a CYP3A4 inducer when the combined treatment period exceeds 14 days because aripiprazole blood concentrations decline and may become suboptimal. In adults receiving 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg of Aristada and receiving a strong CYP3A4 inducer, no dosage adjustment is necessary; however, the 441 mg dose should be increased to 662 mg if the CYP inducer is added for more than 2 weeks. Avoid concurrent use of Aristada Initio and strong CYP3A4 inducers. Additive CNS effects are possible, including drowsiness or dizziness. Patients should report any unusual changes in moods or behaviors while taking this combination.
Aspirin, ASA; Butalbital; Caffeine; Codeine: (Major) Because aripiprazole is metabolized by CYP3A4, the manufacturer recommends that the oral aripiprazole dose be doubled over 1 to 2 weeks when strong CYP3A4 inducers, such as barbiturates, are added to aripiprazole therapy. If these agents are used in combination, the patient should be carefully monitored for a decrease in aripiprazole efficacy. When the CYP3A4 inducer is withdrawn from the combination therapy, the aripiprazole dose in adults should be reduced over 1 to 2 weeks to the original level. Avoid concurrent use of Abilify Maintena with a CYP3A4 inducer when the combined treatment period exceeds 14 days because aripiprazole blood concentrations decline and may become suboptimal. In adults receiving 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg of Aristada and receiving a strong CYP3A4 inducer, no dosage adjustment is necessary; however, the 441 mg dose should be increased to 662 mg if the CYP inducer is added for more than 2 weeks. Avoid concurrent use of Aristada Initio and strong CYP3A4 inducers. Additive CNS effects are possible, including drowsiness or dizziness. Patients should report any unusual changes in moods or behaviors while taking this combination.
Atazanavir: (Major) Because aripiprazole is partially metabolized by CYP3A4, the manufacturer recommends that the oral aripiprazole dose be reduced to one-half of the usual dose in patients receiving strong inhibitors of CYP3A4 such as atazanavir. In adults receiving 300 mg or 400 mg of Abilify Maintena, dose reductions to 200 mg or 300 mg, respectively, are recommended if the CYP3A4 inhibitor is used for more than 14 days. In adults receiving Aristada, the Aristada dose should be reduced to the next lower strength during use of a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days. For patients receiving 882 mg of Aristada every 6 weeks or 1,064 mg every 2 months, the next lower strength should be 441 mg administered every 4 weeks. No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients taking 441 mg IM of Aristada, if tolerated. Adults receiving Aristada who are PMs of CYP2D6 and receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their dose reduced from 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg to 441 mg IM; no dose adjustment is needed in patients receiving 441 mg of Aristada, if tolerated. In adults receiving Aristada 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg, combined use of a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor and a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days should be avoided; no dose adjustment is needed in patients taking 441 mg, if tolerated. Avoid concurrent use of Aristada Initio and strong CYP3A4 inhibitors because the dose of Aristada Initio cannot be modified.
Atazanavir; Cobicistat: (Major) Because aripiprazole is partially metabolized by CYP3A4, the manufacturer recommends that the oral aripiprazole dose be reduced to one-half of the usual dose in patients receiving strong inhibitors of CYP3A4 such as atazanavir. In adults receiving 300 mg or 400 mg of Abilify Maintena, dose reductions to 200 mg or 300 mg, respectively, are recommended if the CYP3A4 inhibitor is used for more than 14 days. In adults receiving Aristada, the Aristada dose should be reduced to the next lower strength during use of a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days. For patients receiving 882 mg of Aristada every 6 weeks or 1,064 mg every 2 months, the next lower strength should be 441 mg administered every 4 weeks. No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients taking 441 mg IM of Aristada, if tolerated. Adults receiving Aristada who are PMs of CYP2D6 and receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their dose reduced from 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg to 441 mg IM; no dose adjustment is needed in patients receiving 441 mg of Aristada, if tolerated. In adults receiving Aristada 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg, combined use of a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor and a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days should be avoided; no dose adjustment is needed in patients taking 441 mg, if tolerated. Avoid concurrent use of Aristada Initio and strong CYP3A4 inhibitors because the dose of Aristada Initio cannot be modified. (Major) The plasma concentrations of aripiprazole, a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 substrate, may be elevated when administered concurrently with cobicistat, a CYP2D6 inhibitor and strong CYP3A4 inhibitor. The manufacturer of aripiprazole recommends that patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adults receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. In adults receiving Aristada, the Aristada dose should be reduced to the next lower strength during use of a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, such as cobicistat, for more than 14 days. For patients receiving 882 mg of Aristada every 6 weeks or 1,064 mg every 2 months, the next lower strength should be 441 mg administered every 4 weeks. No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients taking 441 mg IM of Aristada, if tolerated. In adults receiving Aristada 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg, combined use of a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor and a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days should be avoided; no dose adjustment is needed in patients taking 441 mg, if tolerated. Avoid concurrent use of Aristada Initio and strong CYP3A4 inhibitors because the dose of Aristada Initio cannot be modified.
Atenolol: (Minor) Aripiprazole may enhance the hypotensive effects of antihypertensive agents. It may be advisable to monitor blood pressure when these medications are coadministered.
Atenolol; Chlorthalidone: (Minor) Aripiprazole may enhance the hypotensive effects of antihypertensive agents. It may be advisable to monitor blood pressure when these medications are coadministered.
Atomoxetine: (Moderate) For both aripiprazole and atomoxetine, QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use and following overdose. In addition, atomoxetine is considered a drug with a possible risk of torsade de pointes (TdP). Caution is recommended if these drugs are administered concurrently.
Atropine; Difenoxin: (Moderate) Concurrent administration of diphenoxylate/difenoxin with aripiprazole can potentiate the CNS-depressant effects of diphenoxylate/difenoxin. Use caution during coadministration.
Atropine; Diphenoxylate: (Moderate) Concurrent administration of diphenoxylate/difenoxin with aripiprazole can potentiate the CNS-depressant effects of diphenoxylate/difenoxin. Use caution during coadministration.
Atropine; Hyoscyamine; Phenobarbital; Scopolamine: (Major) Because aripiprazole is metabolized by CYP3A4, the manufacturer recommends that the oral aripiprazole dose be doubled over 1 to 2 weeks when strong CYP3A4 inducers, such as barbiturates, are added to aripiprazole therapy. If these agents are used in combination, the patient should be carefully monitored for a decrease in aripiprazole efficacy. When the CYP3A4 inducer is withdrawn from the combination therapy, the aripiprazole dose in adults should be reduced over 1 to 2 weeks to the original level. Avoid concurrent use of Abilify Maintena with a CYP3A4 inducer when the combined treatment period exceeds 14 days because aripiprazole blood concentrations decline and may become suboptimal. In adults receiving 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg of Aristada and receiving a strong CYP3A4 inducer, no dosage adjustment is necessary; however, the 441 mg dose should be increased to 662 mg if the CYP inducer is added for more than 2 weeks. Avoid concurrent use of Aristada Initio and strong CYP3A4 inducers. Additive CNS effects are possible, including drowsiness or dizziness. Patients should report any unusual changes in moods or behaviors while taking this combination.
Azithromycin: (Major) Due to the risk for QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP), caution is advised when administering aripiprazole with azithromycin. QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose. There have also been case reports of QT prolongation and TdP with the use of azithromycin in postmarketing reports. Concurrent use may increase the risk of QT prolongation.
Barbiturates: (Major) Because aripiprazole is metabolized by CYP3A4, the manufacturer recommends that the oral aripiprazole dose be doubled over 1 to 2 weeks when strong CYP3A4 inducers, such as barbiturates, are added to aripiprazole therapy. If these agents are used in combination, the patient should be carefully monitored for a decrease in aripiprazole efficacy. When the CYP3A4 inducer is withdrawn from the combination therapy, the aripiprazole dose in adults should be reduced over 1 to 2 weeks to the original level. Avoid concurrent use of Abilify Maintena with a CYP3A4 inducer when the combined treatment period exceeds 14 days because aripiprazole blood concentrations decline and may become suboptimal. In adults receiving 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg of Aristada and receiving a strong CYP3A4 inducer, no dosage adjustment is necessary; however, the 441 mg dose should be increased to 662 mg if the CYP inducer is added for more than 2 weeks. Avoid concurrent use of Aristada Initio and strong CYP3A4 inducers. Additive CNS effects are possible, including drowsiness or dizziness. Patients should report any unusual changes in moods or behaviors while taking this combination.
Bedaquiline: (Major) QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose. Bedaquiline has been reported to prolong the QT interval. Prior to initiating bedaquiline, obtain serum electrolyte concentrations and a baseline ECG. An ECG should also be performed at least 2, 12, and 24 weeks after starting bedaquiline therapy. Coadministration with other QT prolonging drugs may result in additive or synergistic prolongation of the QT interval.
Belladonna Alkaloids; Ergotamine; Phenobarbital: (Major) Because aripiprazole is metabolized by CYP3A4, the manufacturer recommends that the oral aripiprazole dose be doubled over 1 to 2 weeks when strong CYP3A4 inducers, such as barbiturates, are added to aripiprazole therapy. If these agents are used in combination, the patient should be carefully monitored for a decrease in aripiprazole efficacy. When the CYP3A4 inducer is withdrawn from the combination therapy, the aripiprazole dose in adults should be reduced over 1 to 2 weeks to the original level. Avoid concurrent use of Abilify Maintena with a CYP3A4 inducer when the combined treatment period exceeds 14 days because aripiprazole blood concentrations decline and may become suboptimal. In adults receiving 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg of Aristada and receiving a strong CYP3A4 inducer, no dosage adjustment is necessary; however, the 441 mg dose should be increased to 662 mg if the CYP inducer is added for more than 2 weeks. Avoid concurrent use of Aristada Initio and strong CYP3A4 inducers. Additive CNS effects are possible, including drowsiness or dizziness. Patients should report any unusual changes in moods or behaviors while taking this combination.
Bendroflumethiazide; Nadolol: (Minor) Aripiprazole may enhance the hypotensive effects of antihypertensive agents. It may be advisable to monitor blood pressure when these medications are coadministered.
Benzhydrocodone; Acetaminophen: (Major) Concomitant use of opioid agonists with aripiprazole may cause respiratory depression, hypotension, profound sedation, and death. Limit the use of opioid pain medications with aripiprazole to only patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate. If concurrent use is necessary, use the lowest effective doses and minimum treatment durations needed to achieve the desired clinical effect. If benzhydrocodone is initiated in a patient taking aripiprazole, reduce initial dosage and titrate to clinical response. If aripiprazole is initiated a patient taking an opioid agonist, use a lower initial dose of aripiprazole and titrate to clinical response. Educate patients about the risks and symptoms of respiratory depression and sedation.
Benzodiazepines: (Moderate) Due to the primary CNS effects of aripiprazole, caution should be used when aripiprazole is given in combination with other centrally-acting medications including benzodiazepines and other anxiolytics, sedatives, and hypnotics. The intensity of sedation and orthostatic hypotension is greater during concurrent use of lorazepam and oral aripiprazole and during use of a parenteral benzodiazepine and intramuscular (IM) aripiprazole compared to aripiprazole alone; therefore, patients receiving a benzodiazepine with oral or parenteral aripiprazole should be monitored for sedation and blood pressure and the dose should be adjusted accordingly. Data from the manufacturer indicate there are no clinically significant pharmacokinetic changes when aripiprazole is given with lorazepam.
Benzphetamine: (Major) Concurrent use of antipsychotics and amphetamines should generally be avoided. Antipsychotics and amphetamines may interact pharmacodynamically to diminish the therapeutic effects of either agent through opposing effects on dopamine. Amphetamines are thought to block central dopamine reuptake, which has the potential to exacerbate psychosis, and antipsychotics, which are central dopamine antagonists, may diminish the effectiveness of amphetamines.
Beta-adrenergic blockers: (Minor) Aripiprazole may enhance the hypotensive effects of antihypertensive agents. It may be advisable to monitor blood pressure when these medications are coadministered.
Betaxolol: (Minor) Aripiprazole may enhance the hypotensive effects of antihypertensive agents. It may be advisable to monitor blood pressure when these medications are coadministered.
Bexarotene: (Moderate) Because aripiprazole is partially metabolized by CYP3A4, concurrent use of CYP3A4 inducers such as bexarotene may result in decreased plasma concentrations of aripiprazole. If these agents are used in combination, the patient should be carefully monitored for a decrease in aripiprazole efficacy. An increase in aripiprazole dosage may be clinically warranted in some patients. Avoid concurrent use of Abilify Maintena with a CYP3A4 inducer when the combined treatment period exceeds 14 days because aripiprazole blood concentrations decline and may become suboptimal. There are no dosing recommendations for Aristada or Aristada Initio during use of a mild to moderate CYP3A4 inducer.
Bismuth Subcitrate Potassium; Metronidazole; Tetracycline: (Moderate) Potential QT prolongation has been reported in limited case reports with metronidazole. Drugs with a possible risk for QT prolongation and TdP that should be used cautiously with metronidazole include aripiprazole.
Bismuth Subsalicylate; Metronidazole; Tetracycline: (Moderate) Potential QT prolongation has been reported in limited case reports with metronidazole. Drugs with a possible risk for QT prolongation and TdP that should be used cautiously with metronidazole include aripiprazole.
Bisoprolol: (Minor) Aripiprazole may enhance the hypotensive effects of antihypertensive agents. It may be advisable to monitor blood pressure when these medications are coadministered.
Bisoprolol; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Minor) Aripiprazole may enhance the hypotensive effects of antihypertensive agents. It may be advisable to monitor blood pressure when these medications are coadministered.
Boceprevir: (Major) Because aripiprazole is partially metabolized by CYP3A4, the manufacturer recommends that the oral aripiprazole dose be reduced to one-half of the usual dose in patients receiving strong inhibitors of CYP3A4 such as boceprevir. In adults receiving 300 mg or 400 mg of Abilify Maintena, dose reductions to 200 mg or 300 mg, respectively, are recommended if the CYP3A4 inhibitor is used for more than 14 days. Patients receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Aristada dose reduced to the next lower strength. For patients receiving 882 mg of Aristada every 6 weeks or 1,064 mg every 2 months, the next lower strength should be 441 mg administered every 4 weeks. No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients taking 441 mg IM of Aristada, if tolerated. Because aripiprazole is also metabolized by CYP2D6, patients classified as CYP2D6 poor metabolizers (PMs) who are receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor or patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adults receiving Abilify Maintena who are PMs of CYP2D6 and receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor should have a dose reduction to 200 mg/month IM. Patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. Adults receiving Aristada injection who are PMs of CYP2D6 and receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their dose reduced from 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg to 441 mg IM; no dose adjustment is needed in patients receiving 441 mg of Aristada, if tolerated. In patients receiving Aristada 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg, combined use of a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor and a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days should be avoided; no dose adjustment is needed in patients taking 441 mg, if tolerated. Avoid concurrent use of Aristada Initio and strong CYP3A4 inhibitors because the dose of Aristada Initio cannot be modified.
Bosentan: (Moderate) Bosentan is an inducer of CYP3A4, and may decrease plasma concentrations of drugs metabolized by this enzyme including aripiprazole. If bosentan and aripiprazole are used in combination, the patient should be carefully monitored for a decrease in aripiprazole efficacy. An increase in oral aripiprazole dosage may be needed in some patients. Avoid concurrent use of Abilify Maintena with a CYP3A4 inducer when the combined treatment period exceeds 14 days because aripiprazole blood concentrations decline and may become suboptimal. There are no dosing recommendations for Aristada or Aristada Initio during use of a moderate CYP3A4 inducer such as bosentan.
Brexpiprazole: (Severe) Concurrent use of brexpiprazole and aripiprazole should be avoided. Aripiprazole and brexpiprazole are both atypical antipsychotics of the dopamine system stabilizer subclass and have similar mechanisms of action. In addition, the risk of drowsiness, dizziness, hypotension, extrapyramidal symptoms, anticholinergic effects, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, or seizures may be increased during combined use.
Brimonidine; Timolol: (Minor) Aripiprazole may enhance the hypotensive effects of antihypertensive agents. It may be advisable to monitor blood pressure when these medications are coadministered.
Bromocriptine: (Moderate) The prolactin-lowering effect of bromocriptine at the anterior pituitary may be antagonized by medications that increase prolactin levels, such as the atypical antipsychotics. The atypical antipsychotics elevate prolactin to various degrees. Like other drugs that antagonize dopamine D2 receptors, the elevation in prolactin from atypical antipsychotics can persist during chronic administration. Monitor the patient for reduced response to bromocriptine. Atypical antipsychotic therapy may aggravate diabetes mellitus and cause metabolic changes such as hyperglycemia. If bromocriptine is taken for diabetes, monitor for worsening glycemic control.
Brompheniramine: (Moderate) Due to the primary CNS effects of aripiprazole, caution should be used when aripiprazole is given in combination with other centrally-acting medications including sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may occur.
Brompheniramine; Carbetapentane; Phenylephrine: (Moderate) Drowsiness has been reported during administration of carbetapentane. An enhanced CNS depressant effect may occur when carbetapentane with other CNS depressants including atypical antipsychotics. (Moderate) Due to the primary CNS effects of aripiprazole, caution should be used when aripiprazole is given in combination with other centrally-acting medications including sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may occur.
Brompheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin: (Moderate) Due to the primary CNS effects of aripiprazole, caution should be used when aripiprazole is given in combination with other centrally-acting medications including sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may occur.
Brompheniramine; Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone: (Moderate) Due to the primary CNS effects of aripiprazole, caution should be used when aripiprazole is given in combination with other centrally-acting medications including sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may occur.
Brompheniramine; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine: (Moderate) Due to the primary CNS effects of aripiprazole, caution should be used when aripiprazole is given in combination with other centrally-acting medications including sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may occur.
Brompheniramine; Pseudoephedrine: (Moderate) Due to the primary CNS effects of aripiprazole, caution should be used when aripiprazole is given in combination with other centrally-acting medications including sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may occur.
Budesonide; Formoterol: (Moderate) QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose. Caution advised if administering with other drugs that may cause QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP), including beta-agonists.
Buprenorphine: (Major) Due to the potential for QT prolongation and additive CNS depressant effects, cautious use and close monitoring are advisable if concurrent use of aripiprazole and buprenorphine is necessary. Buprenorphine has been associated with QT prolongation and has a possible risk of torsade de pointes (TdP). QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose. FDA-approved labeling for some buprenorphine products recommend avoiding use with Class 1A and Class III antiarrhythmic medications while other labels recommend avoiding use with any drug that has the potential to prolong the QT interval. If concurrent use of aripiprazole and buprenorphine is necessary, consider a dose reduction of one or both drugs. Hypotension, profound sedation, coma, respiratory depression, or death may occur during co-administration of buprenorphine and other CNS depressants. Prior to concurrent use of buprenorphine in patients taking a CNS depressant, assess the level of tolerance to CNS depression that has developed, the duration of use, and the patient's overall response to treatment. Evaluate the patient's use of alcohol or illicit drugs. It is recommended that the injectable buprenorphine dose be halved for patients who receive other drugs with CNS depressant effects; for the buprenorphine transdermal patch, start with the 5 mcg/hour patch. Monitor patients for sedation or respiratory depression.
Buprenorphine; Naloxone: (Major) Due to the potential for QT prolongation and additive CNS depressant effects, cautious use and close monitoring are advisable if concurrent use of aripiprazole and buprenorphine is necessary. Buprenorphine has been associated with QT prolongation and has a possible risk of torsade de pointes (TdP). QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose. FDA-approved labeling for some buprenorphine products recommend avoiding use with Class 1A and Class III antiarrhythmic medications while other labels recommend avoiding use with any drug that has the potential to prolong the QT interval. If concurrent use of aripiprazole and buprenorphine is necessary, consider a dose reduction of one or both drugs. Hypotension, profound sedation, coma, respiratory depression, or death may occur during co-administration of buprenorphine and other CNS depressants. Prior to concurrent use of buprenorphine in patients taking a CNS depressant, assess the level of tolerance to CNS depression that has developed, the duration of use, and the patient's overall response to treatment. Evaluate the patient's use of alcohol or illicit drugs. It is recommended that the injectable buprenorphine dose be halved for patients who receive other drugs with CNS depressant effects; for the buprenorphine transdermal patch, start with the 5 mcg/hour patch. Monitor patients for sedation or respiratory depression.
Bupropion: (Major) Because aripiprazole is partially metabolized by CYP2D6, the manufacturer recommends that the oral aripiprazole dose be reduced to one-half of the usual dose in patients receiving strong inhibitors of CYP2D6 such as bupropion. Closely monitor for evidence of aripiprazole adverse events. Additionally, bupropion is associated with a dose-related risk of seizure; antipsychotics may increase this risk. In adults receiving 300 mg or 400 mg of Abilify Maintena, dose reductions to 200 mg or 300 mg, respectively, are recommended if a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor is used for more than 14 days. Adults receiving 662 mg or 882 mg of Aristada every 4 weeks should have their Aristada dose reduced to the next lower strength if a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor is used for more than 14 days. For patients receiving Aristada 882 mg every 6 weeks or 1,064 mg every 2 months, reduce the dose to 441 mg every 4 weeks. No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients taking 441 mg of Aristada, if tolerated. Because aripiprazole is also metabolized by CYP3A4, patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adults receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. Avoid use of combination therapy with a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor and a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days in patients receiving 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg of Aristada; no dosage adjustment is necessary in patients taking 441 mg of Aristada, if tolerated. Avoid concurrent use of Aristada Initio and strong CYP2D6 inhibitors because the dose of Aristada Initio cannot be modified.
Bupropion; Naltrexone: (Major) Because aripiprazole is partially metabolized by CYP2D6, the manufacturer recommends that the oral aripiprazole dose be reduced to one-half of the usual dose in patients receiving strong inhibitors of CYP2D6 such as bupropion. Closely monitor for evidence of aripiprazole adverse events. Additionally, bupropion is associated with a dose-related risk of seizure; antipsychotics may increase this risk. In adults receiving 300 mg or 400 mg of Abilify Maintena, dose reductions to 200 mg or 300 mg, respectively, are recommended if a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor is used for more than 14 days. Adults receiving 662 mg or 882 mg of Aristada every 4 weeks should have their Aristada dose reduced to the next lower strength if a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor is used for more than 14 days. For patients receiving Aristada 882 mg every 6 weeks or 1,064 mg every 2 months, reduce the dose to 441 mg every 4 weeks. No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients taking 441 mg of Aristada, if tolerated. Because aripiprazole is also metabolized by CYP3A4, patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adults receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. Avoid use of combination therapy with a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor and a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days in patients receiving 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg of Aristada; no dosage adjustment is necessary in patients taking 441 mg of Aristada, if tolerated. Avoid concurrent use of Aristada Initio and strong CYP2D6 inhibitors because the dose of Aristada Initio cannot be modified.
Buspirone: (Moderate) The combination of buspirone and CNS depressants like the antipsychotics can increase the risk for drowsiness, sedation, and dizziness.
Butabarbital: (Major) Because aripiprazole is metabolized by CYP3A4, the manufacturer recommends that the oral aripiprazole dose be doubled over 1 to 2 weeks when strong CYP3A4 inducers, such as barbiturates, are added to aripiprazole therapy. If these agents are used in combination, the patient should be carefully monitored for a decrease in aripiprazole efficacy. When the CYP3A4 inducer is withdrawn from the combination therapy, the aripiprazole dose in adults should be reduced over 1 to 2 weeks to the original level. Avoid concurrent use of Abilify Maintena with a CYP3A4 inducer when the combined treatment period exceeds 14 days because aripiprazole blood concentrations decline and may become suboptimal. In adults receiving 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg of Aristada and receiving a strong CYP3A4 inducer, no dosage adjustment is necessary; however, the 441 mg dose should be increased to 662 mg if the CYP inducer is added for more than 2 weeks. Avoid concurrent use of Aristada Initio and strong CYP3A4 inducers. Additive CNS effects are possible, including drowsiness or dizziness. Patients should report any unusual changes in moods or behaviors while taking this combination.
Butorphanol: (Moderate) Concomitant use of butorphanol with other CNS depressants, such as aripiprazole, can potentiate the effects of butorphanol on respiratory depression, CNS depression, and sedation.
Canagliflozin: (Moderate) Atypical antipsychotic therapy may aggravate diabetes mellitus and cause metabolic changes such as hyperglycemia. Monitor patients on antidiabetic agents for worsening glycemic control. The atypical antipsychotics have been associated with metabolic changes, including hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar, hyperglycemic states, and diabetic coma. Aggravation of diabetes mellitus has been reported. Possible mechanisms include atypical antipsychotic-induced insulin resistance or direct beta-cell inhibition.
Canagliflozin; Metformin: (Moderate) Atypical antipsychotic therapy may aggravate diabetes mellitus and cause metabolic changes such as hyperglycemia. Monitor patients on antidiabetic agents for worsening glycemic control. The atypical antipsychotics have been associated with metabolic changes, including hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar, hyperglycemic states, and diabetic coma. Aggravation of diabetes mellitus has been reported. Possible mechanisms include atypical antipsychotic-induced insulin resistance or direct beta-cell inhibition.
Cannabidiol: (Moderate) Monitor for excessive sedation and somnolence during coadministration of cannabidiol and atypical antipsychotics. CNS depressants can potentiate the effects of cannabidiol.
Carbamazepine: (Major) Because aripiprazole is partially metabolized by CYP3A4, the manufacturer recommends that the oral aripiprazole dose be doubled over 1 to 2 weeks when a potent CYP3A4 inducer, such as carbamazepine, is added to aripiprazole therapy. Concurrent use of carbamazepine (200 mg twice daily) and aripiprazole (30 mg/day) resulted in a decrease in Cmax and AUC values of aripiprazole and its active metabolite by about 70%. If these agents are used in combination, the patient should be carefully monitored for a decrease in aripiprazole efficacy. When the CYP3A4 inducer is discontinued, the oral aripiprazole dose should be reduced to the original level over 1 to 2 weeks. Avoid concurrent use of Abilify Maintena with a strong CYP3A4 inducer when the combined treatment period exceeds 14 days because aripiprazole blood concentrations decline and may become suboptimal. In adults receiving Aristada with a strong CYP3A4 inducer, no dose adjustment is necessary for the 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg dose; increase the 441 mg dose to 662 mg if the CYP inducer is added for more than 2 weeks. Avoid concurrent use of Aristada Initio and strong CYP3A4 inducers.
Carbetapentane; Chlorpheniramine: (Moderate) Drowsiness has been reported during administration of carbetapentane. An enhanced CNS depressant effect may occur when carbetapentane with other CNS depressants including atypical antipsychotics.
Carbetapentane; Chlorpheniramine; Phenylephrine: (Moderate) Drowsiness has been reported during administration of carbetapentane. An enhanced CNS depressant effect may occur when carbetapentane with other CNS depressants including atypical antipsychotics.
Carbetapentane; Diphenhydramine; Phenylephrine: (Moderate) Drowsiness has been reported during administration of carbetapentane. An enhanced CNS depressant effect may occur when carbetapentane with other CNS depressants including atypical antipsychotics.
Carbetapentane; Guaifenesin: (Moderate) Drowsiness has been reported during administration of carbetapentane. An enhanced CNS depressant effect may occur when carbetapentane with other CNS depressants including atypical antipsychotics.
Carbetapentane; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine: (Moderate) Drowsiness has been reported during administration of carbetapentane. An enhanced CNS depressant effect may occur when carbetapentane with other CNS depressants including atypical antipsychotics.
Carbetapentane; Phenylephrine: (Moderate) Drowsiness has been reported during administration of carbetapentane. An enhanced CNS depressant effect may occur when carbetapentane with other CNS depressants including atypical antipsychotics.
Carbetapentane; Phenylephrine; Pyrilamine: (Moderate) Drowsiness has been reported during administration of carbetapentane. An enhanced CNS depressant effect may occur when carbetapentane with other CNS depressants including atypical antipsychotics. (Moderate) Due to the primary CNS effects of aripiprazole, caution should be used when aripiprazole is given in combination with other centrally-acting medications including sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may occur.
Carbetapentane; Pseudoephedrine: (Moderate) Drowsiness has been reported during administration of carbetapentane. An enhanced CNS depressant effect may occur when carbetapentane with other CNS depressants including atypical antipsychotics.
Carbetapentane; Pyrilamine: (Moderate) Drowsiness has been reported during administration of carbetapentane. An enhanced CNS depressant effect may occur when carbetapentane with other CNS depressants including atypical antipsychotics. (Moderate) Due to the primary CNS effects of aripiprazole, caution should be used when aripiprazole is given in combination with other centrally-acting medications including sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may occur.
Carbidopa; Levodopa: (Major) Antipsychotic agents may inhibit the clinical antiparkinsonian response to levodopa by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain. In general, however, the 'atypical antipsychotics' are less likely to interfere with these therapies than traditional antipsychotic agents (e.g., phenothiazines). Antipsychotics should be avoided during therapy for Parkinson's disease unless the benefit of the drug outweighs the risk of decreased therapeutic response to levodopa or other treatments. In general, experts consider quetiapine the atypical antipsychotic of choice in Parkinson's patients due to a lower incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms, although the choice of antipsychotic medication must always be made on a case-by-case decision.
Carbidopa; Levodopa; Entacapone: (Major) Antipsychotic agents may inhibit the clinical antiparkinsonian response to levodopa by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain. In general, however, the 'atypical antipsychotics' are less likely to interfere with these therapies than traditional antipsychotic agents (e.g., phenothiazines). Antipsychotics should be avoided during therapy for Parkinson's disease unless the benefit of the drug outweighs the risk of decreased therapeutic response to levodopa or other treatments. In general, experts consider quetiapine the atypical antipsychotic of choice in Parkinson's patients due to a lower incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms, although the choice of antipsychotic medication must always be made on a case-by-case decision. (Major) Atypical antipsychotics are central dopamine antagonists and may inhibit the clinical response to antiparkinsonian agents with dopamine agonist properties by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain. Due to the CNS depressant effects of atypical antipsychotics, additive drowsiness may occur with Parkinson's treatments like entacapone or tolcapone. In general, atypical antipsychotics are less likely to interfere with these therapies than traditional antipsychotic agents.
Carbinoxamine: (Moderate) Due to the primary CNS effects of aripiprazole, caution should be used when aripiprazole is given in combination with other centrally-acting medications including sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may occur.
Carbinoxamine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine: (Moderate) Due to the primary CNS effects of aripiprazole, caution should be used when aripiprazole is given in combination with other centrally-acting medications including sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may occur.
Carbinoxamine; Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine: (Moderate) Due to the primary CNS effects of aripiprazole, caution should be used when aripiprazole is given in combination with other centrally-acting medications including sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may occur.
Carbinoxamine; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine: (Moderate) Due to the primary CNS effects of aripiprazole, caution should be used when aripiprazole is given in combination with other centrally-acting medications including sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may occur.
Carbinoxamine; Phenylephrine: (Moderate) Due to the primary CNS effects of aripiprazole, caution should be used when aripiprazole is given in combination with other centrally-acting medications including sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may occur.
Carbinoxamine; Pseudoephedrine: (Moderate) Due to the primary CNS effects of aripiprazole, caution should be used when aripiprazole is given in combination with other centrally-acting medications including sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may occur.
Carteolol: (Minor) Aripiprazole may enhance the hypotensive effects of antihypertensive agents. It may be advisable to monitor blood pressure when these medications are coadministered.
Carvedilol: (Minor) Aripiprazole may enhance the hypotensive effects of antihypertensive agents. It may be advisable to monitor blood pressure when these medications are coadministered.
Celecoxib: (Moderate) Because aripiprazole is partially metabolized by CYP2D6, patients should be carefully monitored for aripiprazole-related adverse reactions during concurrent use of a CYP2D6 inhibitor such as celexocib. Because aripiprazole is also metabolized by CYP3A4, patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adults receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. There are no dosing recommendations for Aristada or Aristada Initio during use of a mild to moderate CYP2D6 inhibitor.
Central-acting adrenergic agents: (Minor) Due to aripiprazole's antagonism at alpha 1-adrenergic receptors, the drug may enhance the hypotensive effects of alpha-blockers and other antihypertensive agents.
Ceritinib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of ceritinib with aripiprazole due to increased aripiprazole exposure; coadministration also increases the risk of QT prolongation. If coadministration is unavoidable, monitor for aripiprazole-related adverse reactions. Periodically monitor electrolytes and ECGs; an interruption of ceritinib therapy, dose reduction, or discontinuation of therapy may be necessary if QT prolongation occurs. In addition, because aripiprazole is partially metabolized by CYP3A4, increased aripiprazole blood levels may occur when the drug is coadministered with inhibitors of CYP3A4, such as ceritinib. Because aripiprazole is also metabolized by CYP2D6, patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adults receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. There are no dosing recommendations for Aristada or Aristada Initio during use of a mild to moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor.
Cetrorelix: (Moderate) Antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia results in down-regulation of the number of pituitary GnRH receptors and may interfere with the response to any of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs including cetrorelix.
Charcoal: (Major) Aripiprazole absorption is reduced when activated charcoal is coadministered within an hour of a 15 mg dosage, resulting in a decrease in aripiprazole AUC and Cmax by roughly 50%. Concomitant administration of aripiprazole with activated charcoal is not recommended. However, administration of activated charcoal may be appropriate in certain aripiprazole overdose situations.
Chlophedianol; Dexchlorpheniramine; Pseudoephedrine: (Moderate) Due to the primary CNS effects of aripiprazole, caution should be used when aripiprazole is given in combination with other centrally-acting medications including sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may occur.
Chloramphenicol: (Major) Because aripiprazole is metabolized by CYP3A4, the manufacturer recommends that the oral aripiprazole dose be reduced to one-half of the usual dose in patients receiving strong inhibitors of CYP3A4 such as chloramphenicol. In adults receiving 300 mg or 400 mg of Abilify Maintena, dose reductions to 200 mg or 300 mg, respectively, are recommended if the CYP3A4 inhibitor is used for more than 14 days. In adults receiving Aristada, the Aristada dose should be reduced to the next lower strength during use of a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days. For patients receiving 882 mg of Aristada every 6 weeks or 1,064 mg every 2 months, the next lower strength should be 441 mg administered every 4 weeks. No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients taking 441 mg IM of Aristada, if tolerated. Because aripiprazole is also metabolized by CYP2D6, patients classified as CYP2D6 poor metabolizers (PMs) who are receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor or patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adults receiving Abilify Maintena who are PMs and receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor should have a dose reduction to 200 mg/month IM. Patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. Adults receiving Aristada who are PMs of CYP2D6 and receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their dose reduced from 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg to 441 mg IM; no dose adjustment is needed in patients receiving 441 mg of Aristada, if tolerated. In adults receiving Aristada 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg, combined use of a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor and a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days should be avoided; no dose adjustment is needed in patients taking 441 mg, if tolerated. Avoid concurrent use of Aristada Initio and strong CYP3A4 inhibitors because the dose of Aristada Initio cannot be modified.
Chlorcyclizine: (Moderate) Additive CNS effects like drowsiness may be seen when combining sedating H1-blockers with atypical antipsychotics.
Chlordiazepoxide: (Moderate) Due to the primary CNS effects of aripiprazole, caution should be used when aripiprazole is given in combination with other centrally-acting medications including benzodiazepines and other anxiolytics, sedatives, and hypnotics. The intensity of sedation and orthostatic hypotension is greater during concurrent use of lorazepam and oral aripiprazole and during use of a parenteral benzodiazepine and intramuscular (IM) aripiprazole compared to aripiprazole alone; therefore, patients receiving a benzodiazepine with oral or parenteral aripiprazole should be monitored for sedation and blood pressure and the dose should be adjusted accordingly. Data from the manufacturer indicate there are no clinically significant pharmacokinetic changes when aripiprazole is given with lorazepam.
Chlordiazepoxide; Clidinium: (Moderate) Due to the primary CNS effects of aripiprazole, caution should be used when aripiprazole is given in combination with other centrally-acting medications including benzodiazepines and other anxiolytics, sedatives, and hypnotics. The intensity of sedation and orthostatic hypotension is greater during concurrent use of lorazepam and oral aripiprazole and during use of a parenteral benzodiazepine and intramuscular (IM) aripiprazole compared to aripiprazole alone; therefore, patients receiving a benzodiazepine with oral or parenteral aripiprazole should be monitored for sedation and blood pressure and the dose should be adjusted accordingly. Data from the manufacturer indicate there are no clinically significant pharmacokinetic changes when aripiprazole is given with lorazepam.
Chloroquine: (Major) Coadminister chloroquine with other drugs known to prolong the QT interval, such as aripiprazole, with caution. Chloroquine is associated with an increased risk of QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP); fatalities have been reported. The risk of QT prolongation is increased with higher chloroquine doses. QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose.
Chlorpromazine: (Major) Concurrent use of chlorpromazine with aripiprazole should be approached with caution and careful monitoring due to a possible risk o f QT prolongation. In addition, chlorpromazine is a CYP2D6 inhibitor. A dosage reduction of aripiprazole may be clinically warranted in patients receiving chlorpromazine and caution is advisable when aripiprazole is given in combination with other antipsychotics. The risk of drowsiness, dizziness, hypotension, extrapyramidal symptoms, anticholinergic effects, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, or seizures may be increased during combined use; therefore, it may be advisable to initiate treatment with lower dosages if combination therapy is deemed necessary. Although the incidence of tardive dyskinesia from combination antipsychotic therapy has not been established and data are very limited, the risk appears to be increased during use of a conventional and atypical antipsychotic versus use of a conventional antipsychotic alone.
Cimetidine: (Moderate) Because aripiprazole is metabolized by CYP3A4 and CYP2D6, the manufacturer recommends that the oral aripiprazole dose be reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose in patients receiving inhibitors of both CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 such as cimetidine. Alternate H2-antagonist therapy that may not interact should be considered. Adult patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. If these agents are used in combination, the patient should be carefully monitored for aripiprazole-related adverse reactions. There are no dosing recommendations for Aristada or Aristada Initio during use of a mild to moderate CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor.
Cinacalcet: (Major) Because aripiprazole is partially metabolized by CYP2D6, the manufacturer recommends that the oral aripiprazole dose be reduced to one-half of the usual dose in patients receiving potent inhibitors of CYP2D6 such as cinacalcet. If these agents are used in combination, the patient should be carefully monitored for aripiprazole-related adverse reactions. In adults receiving 300 mg or 400 mg of Abilify Maintena, dose reductions to 200 mg or 300 mg, respectively, are recommended if a potent CYP2D6 inhibitor is used for more than 14 days. Adults receiving 662 mg or 882 mg of Aristada every 4 weeks should have their Aristada dose reduced to the next lower strength if a potent CYP2D6 inhibitor is used for more than 14 days. For patients receiving Aristada 882 mg every 6 weeks or 1,064 mg every 2 months, reduce the dose to 441 mg every 4 weeks. No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients taking 441 mg of Aristada, if tolerated. Because aripiprazole is also metabolized by CYP3A4, patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adults receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. Avoid use of combination therapy with a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor and a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days in patients receiving 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg of Aristada; no dosage adjustment is necessary in patients taking 441 mg of Aristada, if tolerated. Avoid concurrent use of Aristada Initio and strong CYP2D6 inhibitors because the dose of Aristada Initio cannot be modified.
Ciprofloxacin: (Moderate) Caution is advised when administering aripiprazole with ciprofloxacin, as use of these drugs together may increase the risk for QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP). QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose. In addition, rare cases of QT prolongation and TdP have been reported with ciprofloxacin during post-marketing surveillance.
Cisapride: (Severe) QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose. QT prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias, including torsade de pointes (TdP) and death, have been reported with cisapride. Because of the potential for QT prolongation or torsade de pointes (TdP), concurrent use is contraindicated.
Citalopram: (Major) Because both citalopram and aripiprazole are associated with a possible risk for QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP), this combination should be used cautiously and with close monitoring. In addition, citalopram is a weak inhibitor of CYP2D6, and increased plasma concentrations of CYP2D6 substrates, such as aripiprazole, may occur. Decreased metabolism of aripiprazole may lead to clinically important adverse reactions. Because aripiprazole is also metabolized by CYP3A4, patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adults receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. There are no dosing recommendations for Aristada or Aristada Initio during use of a mild to moderate CYP2D6 inhibitor. Aripiprazole dosage adjustments are not required when aripiprazole is added as adjunctive treatment to antidepressants for major depressive disorder provided that the manufacturer's dosing guidelines for this indication are followed.
Clarithromycin: (Major) Because both clarithromycin and aripiprazole are associated with a possible risk for QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP), the combination should be used cautiously and with close monitoring. In addition, because aripiprazole is partially metabolized by CYP3A4, the manufacturer recommends that the oral aripiprazole dose be reduced to one-half of the usual dose in patients receiving strong inhibitors of CYP3A4 such as clarithromycin. In adults receiving 300 mg or 400 mg of Abilify Maintena, dose reductions to 200 mg or 300 mg, respectively, are recommended if the CYP3A4 inhibitor is used for more than 14 days. In adults receiving Aristada, the Aristada dose should be reduced to the next lower strength during use of a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days. For patients receiving 882 mg of Aristada every 6 weeks or 1,064 mg every 2 months, the next lower strength should be 441 mg administered every 4 weeks. No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients taking 441 mg IM of Aristada, if tolerated. Because aripiprazole is also metabolized by CYP2D6, patients classified as CYP2D6 poor metabolizers (PMs) who are receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor or patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adult patients receiving Abilify Maintena who are PMs and receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor should have a dose reduction to 200 mg/month IM. Patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. Adults receiving Aristada who are PMs of CYP2D6 and receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their dose reduced from 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg to 441 mg IM; no dose adjustment is needed in patients receiving 441 mg of Aristada, if tolerated. In adults receiving Aristada 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg, combined use of a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor and a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days should be avoided; no dose adjustment is needed in patients taking 441 mg, if tolerated. Avoid concurrent use of Aristada Initio and strong CYP3A4 inhibitors because the dose of Aristada Initio cannot be modified.
Clemastine: (Moderate) Due to the primary CNS effects of aripiprazole, caution should be used when aripiprazole is given in combination with other centrally-acting medications including sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may occur.
Clobazam: (Moderate) Benzodiazepines such as clobazam should be combined cautiously with antipsychotics because of the potential for additive CNS depressant effects, and reduced effectiveness of clobazam as an anticonvulsant due to the possible lowering of the seizure threshold by antipsychotics.
Clofazimine: (Major) Monitor ECGs for QT prolongation when clofazimine is administered with aripiprazole. QT prolongation and torsade de pointes have been reported in patients receiving clofazimine in combination with QT prolonging medications. QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose.
Clomipramine: (Moderate) Combination therapy with aripiprazole and tricyclic antidepressants should be approached with caution and close monitoring. Aripiprazole has a risk for QT prolongation and torsade de pointes, and tricyclics at elevated serum concentrations may produce clinically significant prolongation of the QTc interval. In addition, there is potential for other interactions, such as augmentation of anticholinergic effects.
Clonazepam: (Moderate) Due to the primary CNS effects of aripiprazole, caution should be used when aripiprazole is given in combination with other centrally-acting medications including benzodiazepines and other anxiolytics, sedatives, and hypnotics. The intensity of sedation and orthostatic hypotension is greater during concurrent use of lorazepam and oral aripiprazole and during use of a parenteral benzodiazepine and intramuscular (IM) aripiprazole compared to aripiprazole alone; therefore, patients receiving a benzodiazepine with oral or parenteral aripiprazole should be monitored for sedation and blood pressure and the dose should be adjusted accordingly. Data from the manufacturer indicate there are no clinically significant pharmacokinetic changes when aripiprazole is given with lorazepam.
Clorazepate: (Moderate) Due to the primary CNS effects of aripiprazole, caution should be used when aripiprazole is given in combination with other centrally-acting medications including benzodiazepines and other anxiolytics, sedatives, and hypnotics. The intensity of sedation and orthostatic hypotension is greater during concurrent use of lorazepam and oral aripiprazole and during use of a parenteral benzodiazepine and intramuscular (IM) aripiprazole compared to aripiprazole alone; therefore, patients receiving a benzodiazepine with oral or parenteral aripiprazole should be monitored for sedation and blood pressure and the dose should be adjusted accordingly. Data from the manufacturer indicate there are no clinically significant pharmacokinetic changes when aripiprazole is given with lorazepam.
Clozapine: (Major) QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose. Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic with a possible risk for QT prolongation and TdP that should be used cautiously and with close monitoring with aripiprazole. In addition, caution is advisable when aripiprazole is given in combination with other CNS depressants such as other atypical antipsychotics. The risk of drowsiness, dizziness, hypotension, extrapyramidal symptoms, anticholinergic effects, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, tardive dyskinesia, or seizures may be increased during combined use; therefore, it may be advisable to initiate treatment with lower dosages if combination therapy is deemed necessary. The likelihood of these pharmacodynamic interactions varies based upon the individual properties of the co-administered antipsychotic agent.
Cobicistat: (Major) The plasma concentrations of aripiprazole, a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 substrate, may be elevated when administered concurrently with cobicistat, a CYP2D6 inhibitor and strong CYP3A4 inhibitor. The manufacturer of aripiprazole recommends that patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adults receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. In adults receiving Aristada, the Aristada dose should be reduced to the next lower strength during use of a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, such as cobicistat, for more than 14 days. For patients receiving 882 mg of Aristada every 6 weeks or 1,064 mg every 2 months, the next lower strength should be 441 mg administered every 4 weeks. No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients taking 441 mg IM of Aristada, if tolerated. In adults receiving Aristada 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg, combined use of a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor and a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days should be avoided; no dose adjustment is needed in patients taking 441 mg, if tolerated. Avoid concurrent use of Aristada Initio and strong CYP3A4 inhibitors because the dose of Aristada Initio cannot be modified.
Cobicistat; Elvitegravir; Emtricitabine; Tenofovir Alafenamide: (Major) The plasma concentrations of aripiprazole, a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 substrate, may be elevated when administered concurrently with cobicistat, a CYP2D6 inhibitor and strong CYP3A4 inhibitor. The manufacturer of aripiprazole recommends that patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adults receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. In adults receiving Aristada, the Aristada dose should be reduced to the next lower strength during use of a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, such as cobicistat, for more than 14 days. For patients receiving 882 mg of Aristada every 6 weeks or 1,064 mg every 2 months, the next lower strength should be 441 mg administered every 4 weeks. No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients taking 441 mg IM of Aristada, if tolerated. In adults receiving Aristada 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg, combined use of a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor and a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days should be avoided; no dose adjustment is needed in patients taking 441 mg, if tolerated. Avoid concurrent use of Aristada Initio and strong CYP3A4 inhibitors because the dose of Aristada Initio cannot be modified.
Cobicistat; Elvitegravir; Emtricitabine; Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate: (Major) The plasma concentrations of aripiprazole, a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 substrate, may be elevated when administered concurrently with cobicistat, a CYP2D6 inhibitor and strong CYP3A4 inhibitor. The manufacturer of aripiprazole recommends that patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adults receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. In adults receiving Aristada, the Aristada dose should be reduced to the next lower strength during use of a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, such as cobicistat, for more than 14 days. For patients receiving 882 mg of Aristada every 6 weeks or 1,064 mg every 2 months, the next lower strength should be 441 mg administered every 4 weeks. No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients taking 441 mg IM of Aristada, if tolerated. In adults receiving Aristada 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg, combined use of a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor and a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days should be avoided; no dose adjustment is needed in patients taking 441 mg, if tolerated. Avoid concurrent use of Aristada Initio and strong CYP3A4 inhibitors because the dose of Aristada Initio cannot be modified.
Codeine; Phenylephrine; Promethazine: (Major) Both promethazine and aripiprazole are associated with a possible risk for QT prolongation; therefore, caution is advisable during coadministration. In addition, because aripiprazole is partially metabolized by CYP2D6, patients should be monitored for aripiprazole-related adverse reactions during concurrent use of a CYP2D6 inhibitor such as promethazine. Because aripiprazole is also metabolized by CYP3A4, patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adult patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. There are no dosing recommendations for Aristada or Aristada Initio during use of a mild to moderate CYP2D6 inhibitor. Coadministration of phenothiazines such as promethazine and antipsychotics may also increase the risk of adverse effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic effects, extrapyramidal symptoms, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, or seizures.
Codeine; Promethazine: (Major) Both promethazine and aripiprazole are associated with a possible risk for QT prolongation; therefore, caution is advisable during coadministration. In addition, because aripiprazole is partially metabolized by CYP2D6, patients should be monitored for aripiprazole-related adverse reactions during concurrent use of a CYP2D6 inhibitor such as promethazine. Because aripiprazole is also metabolized by CYP3A4, patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adult patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. There are no dosing recommendations for Aristada or Aristada Initio during use of a mild to moderate CYP2D6 inhibitor. Coadministration of phenothiazines such as promethazine and antipsychotics may also increase the risk of adverse effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic effects, extrapyramidal symptoms, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, or seizures.
COMT inhibitors: (Major) Atypical antipsychotics are central dopamine antagonists and may inhibit the clinical response to antiparkinsonian agents with dopamine agonist properties by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain. Due to the CNS depressant effects of atypical antipsychotics, additive drowsiness may occur with Parkinson's treatments like entacapone or tolcapone. In general, atypical antipsychotics are less likely to interfere with these therapies than traditional antipsychotic agents.
Conivaptan: (Major) Because aripiprazole is partially metabolized by CYP3A4, the manufacturer recommends that the oral aripiprazole dose be reduced to one-half of the usual dose in patients receiving strong inhibitors of CYP3A4 such as conivaptan. In adults receiving 300 mg or 400 mg of Abilify Maintena, dose reductions to 200 mg or 300 mg, respectively, are recommended if the CYP3A4 inhibitor is used for more than 14 days. In adults receiving Aristada, the Aristada dose should be reduced to the next lower strength during use of a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days. For patients receiving 882 mg of Aristada every 6 weeks or 1,064 mg every 2 months, the next lower strength should be 441 mg administered every 4 weeks. No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients taking 441 mg IM of Aristada, if tolerated. Because aripiprazole is also metabolized by CYP2D6, patients classified as CYP2D6 poor metabolizers (PMs) who are receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor or patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adult patients receiving Abilify Maintena who are PMs and receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor should have a dose reduction to 200 mg/month IM. Patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. Adults receiving Aristada who are PMs of CYP2D6 and receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their dose reduced from 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg to 441 mg IM; no dose adjustment is needed in patients receiving 441 mg of Aristada, if tolerated. In adults receiving Aristada 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg, combined use of a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor and a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days should be avoided; no dose adjustment is needed in patients taking 441 mg, if tolerated. Avoid concurrent use of Aristada Initio and strong CYP3A4 inhibitors because the dose of Aristada Initio cannot be modified.
Crizotinib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of crizotinib with aripiprazole due to the risk of QT prolongation. Because aripiprazole is partially metabolized by CYP3A4, increased aripiprazole blood levels may also occur if the drug is coadministered with moderate inhibitors of CYP3A such as crizotinib. If concomitant use is unavoidable, monitor ECGs for QT prolongation and monitor electrolytes. An interruption of therapy, dose reduction, or discontinuation of therapy may be necessary for crizotinib patients if QT prolongation occurs. The patient should also be carefully monitored for aripiprazole-related adverse reactions. Because aripiprazole is also metabolized by CYP2D6, patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adults receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. There are no dosing recommendations for Aristada or Aristada Initio during use of a mild to moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor. Crizotinib has been associated with concentration-dependent QT prolongation. Prolongation of the QT interval has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole as well as following overdose.
Cyclizine: (Moderate) Due to the primary CNS effects of aripiprazole, caution should be used when aripiprazole is given in combination with other centrally-acting medications including sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may occur.
Cyproheptadine: (Moderate) Due to the primary CNS effects of aripiprazole, caution should be used when aripiprazole is given in combination with other centrally-acting medications including sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may occur.
Dacomitinib: (Severe) Dacomitinib, a strong inhibitor of CYP2D6, may decrease the metabolism of CYP2D6 substrates such as aripiprazole. Decreased metabolism of aripiprazole may lead to adverse effects such as extrapyramidal symptoms, QT prolongation, and torsade de pointes (TdP). The manufacturer of aripiprazole recommends that the oral aripiprazole dose be reduced to one-half of the usual dose when coadministered with strong CYP2D6 inhibitors. Adults receiving 300 mg or 400 mg of Abilify Maintena should have a dose reduction to 200 mg or 300 mg, respectively, during coadministration of a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor if used for more than 14 days. In adults receiving Aristada, the Aristada dose should be reduced to the next lower strength during use of a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days. For patients receiving 882 mg of Aristada every 6 weeks or 1,064 mg every 2 months, the next lower strength should be 441 mg administered every 4 weeks. No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients taking 441 mg of Aristada, if tolerated. Because aripiprazole is also metabolized by CYP3A4, patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. In adults receiving Aristada 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg, combined use of a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor and a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days should be avoided; no dose adjustment is needed in patients taking 441 mg, if tolerated. Avoid concurrent use of Aristada Initio and strong CYP2D6 inhibitors because the dose of Aristada Initio cannot be modified. Aripiprazole dosage adjustments are not required when aripiprazole is added as adjunctive treatment to antidepressants for major depressive disorder provided that the manufacturer's dosing guidelines for this indication are followed.
Danazol: (Moderate) Because aripiprazole is partially metabolized by CYP3A4, increased aripiprazole blood levels may occur when the drug is coadministered with inhibitors of CYP3A4 such as danazol. If these agents are used in combination, the patient should be carefully monitored for aripiprazole-related adverse reactions. Because aripiprazole is also metabolized by CYP2D6, patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adult patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. There are no dosing recommendations for Aristada or Aristada Initio during use of a mild to moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor.
Dapagliflozin: (Moderate) Atypical antipsychotic therapy may aggravate diabetes mellitus and cause metabolic changes such as hyperglycemia. Monitor patients on antidiabetic agents for worsening glycemic control. The atypical antipsychotics have been associated with metabolic changes, including hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar, hyperglycemic states, and diabetic coma. Aggravation of diabetes mellitus has been reported. Possible mechanisms include atypical antipsychotic-induced insulin resistance or direct beta-cell inhibition.
Dapagliflozin; Metformin: (Moderate) Atypical antipsychotic therapy may aggravate diabetes mellitus and cause metabolic changes such as hyperglycemia. Monitor patients on antidiabetic agents for worsening glycemic control. The atypical antipsychotics have been associated with metabolic changes, including hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar, hyperglycemic states, and diabetic coma. Aggravation of diabetes mellitus has been reported. Possible mechanisms include atypical antipsychotic-induced insulin resistance or direct beta-cell inhibition.
Dapagliflozin; Saxagliptin: (Moderate) Atypical antipsychotic therapy may aggravate diabetes mellitus and cause metabolic changes such as hyperglycemia. Monitor patients on antidiabetic agents for worsening glycemic control. The atypical antipsychotics have been associated with metabolic changes, including hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar, hyperglycemic states, and diabetic coma. Aggravation of diabetes mellitus has been reported. Possible mechanisms include atypical antipsychotic-induced insulin resistance or direct beta-cell inhibition.
Darifenacin: (Moderate) Carefully monitor for aripiprazole-related adverse reactions if coadministered with darifenacin. Darifenacin is a moderate CYP2D6 inhibitor and may increase exposure to aripiprazole, a CYP2D6 substrate. In addition, because aripiprazole is also metabolized by CYP3A4, patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adult patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. There are no dosing recommendations for Aristada or Aristada Initio during use of a mild to moderate CYP2D6 inhibitor.
Darunavir: (Major) Because aripiprazole is partially metabolized by CYP3A4, the manufacturer recommends that the oral aripiprazole dose be reduced to one-half of the usual dose in patients receiving strong inhibitors of CYP3A4 such as darunavir. In adults receiving 300 mg or 400 mg of Abilify Maintena, dose reductions to 200 mg or 300 mg, respectively, are recommended if the CYP3A4 inhibitor is used for more than 14 days. In adults receiving Aristada, the Aristada dose should be reduced to the next lower strength during use of a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days. For patients receiving 882 mg of Aristada every 6 weeks or 1,064 mg every 2 months, the next lower strength should be 441 mg administered every 4 weeks. No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients taking 441 mg IM of Aristada, if tolerated. Because aripiprazole is also metabolized by CYP2D6, patients classified as CYP2D6 poor metabolizers (PMs) who are receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor or patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adults receiving Abilify Maintena who are PMs and receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor should have a dose reduction to 200 mg/month IM. Patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. Adults receiving Aristada who are PMs of CYP2D6 and receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their dose reduced from 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg to 441 mg IM; no dose adjustment is needed in patients receiving 441 mg of Aristada, if tolerated. In adults receiving Aristada 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg, combined use of a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor and a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days should be avoided; no dose adjustment is needed in patients taking 441 mg, if tolerated. Avoid concurrent use of Aristada Initio and strong CYP3A4 inhibitors because the dose of Aristada Initio cannot be modified.
Darunavir; Cobicistat: (Major) Because aripiprazole is partially metabolized by CYP3A4, the manufacturer recommends that the oral aripiprazole dose be reduced to one-half of the usual dose in patients receiving strong inhibitors of CYP3A4 such as darunavir. In adults receiving 300 mg or 400 mg of Abilify Maintena, dose reductions to 200 mg or 300 mg, respectively, are recommended if the CYP3A4 inhibitor is used for more than 14 days. In adults receiving Aristada, the Aristada dose should be reduced to the next lower strength during use of a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days. For patients receiving 882 mg of Aristada every 6 weeks or 1,064 mg every 2 months, the next lower strength should be 441 mg administered every 4 weeks. No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients taking 441 mg IM of Aristada, if tolerated. Because aripiprazole is also metabolized by CYP2D6, patients classified as CYP2D6 poor metabolizers (PMs) who are receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor or patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adults receiving Abilify Maintena who are PMs and receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor should have a dose reduction to 200 mg/month IM. Patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. Adults receiving Aristada who are PMs of CYP2D6 and receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their dose reduced from 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg to 441 mg IM; no dose adjustment is needed in patients receiving 441 mg of Aristada, if tolerated. In adults receiving Aristada 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg, combined use of a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor and a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days should be avoided; no dose adjustment is needed in patients taking 441 mg, if tolerated. Avoid concurrent use of Aristada Initio and strong CYP3A4 inhibitors because the dose of Aristada Initio cannot be modified. (Major) The plasma concentrations of aripiprazole, a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 substrate, may be elevated when administered concurrently with cobicistat, a CYP2D6 inhibitor and strong CYP3A4 inhibitor. The manufacturer of aripiprazole recommends that patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adults receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. In adults receiving Aristada, the Aristada dose should be reduced to the next lower strength during use of a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, such as cobicistat, for more than 14 days. For patients receiving 882 mg of Aristada every 6 weeks or 1,064 mg every 2 months, the next lower strength should be 441 mg administered every 4 weeks. No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients taking 441 mg IM of Aristada, if tolerated. In adults receiving Aristada 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg, combined use of a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor and a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days should be avoided; no dose adjustment is needed in patients taking 441 mg, if tolerated. Avoid concurrent use of Aristada Initio and strong CYP3A4 inhibitors because the dose of Aristada Initio cannot be modified.
Darunavir; Cobicistat; Emtricitabine; Tenofovir alafenamide: (Major) Because aripiprazole is partially metabolized by CYP3A4, the manufacturer recommends that the oral aripiprazole dose be reduced to one-half of the usual dose in patients receiving strong inhibitors of CYP3A4 such as darunavir. In adults receiving 300 mg or 400 mg of Abilify Maintena, dose reductions to 200 mg or 300 mg, respectively, are recommended if the CYP3A4 inhibitor is used for more than 14 days. In adults receiving Aristada, the Aristada dose should be reduced to the next lower strength during use of a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days. For patients receiving 882 mg of Aristada every 6 weeks or 1,064 mg every 2 months, the next lower strength should be 441 mg administered every 4 weeks. No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients taking 441 mg IM of Aristada, if tolerated. Because aripiprazole is also metabolized by CYP2D6, patients classified as CYP2D6 poor metabolizers (PMs) who are receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor or patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adults receiving Abilify Maintena who are PMs and receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor should have a dose reduction to 200 mg/month IM. Patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. Adults receiving Aristada who are PMs of CYP2D6 and receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their dose reduced from 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg to 441 mg IM; no dose adjustment is needed in patients receiving 441 mg of Aristada, if tolerated. In adults receiving Aristada 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg, combined use of a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor and a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days should be avoided; no dose adjustment is needed in patients taking 441 mg, if tolerated. Avoid concurrent use of Aristada Initio and strong CYP3A4 inhibitors because the dose of Aristada Initio cannot be modified. (Major) The plasma concentrations of aripiprazole, a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 substrate, may be elevated when administered concurrently with cobicistat, a CYP2D6 inhibitor and strong CYP3A4 inhibitor. The manufacturer of aripiprazole recommends that patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adults receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. In adults receiving Aristada, the Aristada dose should be reduced to the next lower strength during use of a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, such as cobicistat, for more than 14 days. For patients receiving 882 mg of Aristada every 6 weeks or 1,064 mg every 2 months, the next lower strength should be 441 mg administered every 4 weeks. No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients taking 441 mg IM of Aristada, if tolerated. In adults receiving Aristada 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg, combined use of a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor and a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days should be avoided; no dose adjustment is needed in patients taking 441 mg, if tolerated. Avoid concurrent use of Aristada Initio and strong CYP3A4 inhibitors because the dose of Aristada Initio cannot be modified.
Dasabuvir; Ombitasvir; Paritaprevir; Ritonavir: (Major) Because ritonavir (including lopinavir; ritonavir) and aripiprazole are associated with a possible risk for QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP), these combinations should be used cautiously and with close monitoring. In addition, because aripiprazole is metabolized by CYP3A4 and CYP2D6, the manufacturer recommends that the oral aripiprazole dose be reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose in patients receiving inhibitors of both CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 such as ritonavir. Patients classified as CYP2D6 poor metabolizers (PMs) who are receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adults receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. Adults receiving Abilify Maintena who are PMs and receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, such as ritonavir, should have a dose reduction to 200 mg/month IM. In adults receiving Aristada, the Aristada dose should be reduced to the next lower strength during use of a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days. For patients receiving 882 mg of Aristada every 6 weeks or 1064 mg every 2 months, the next lower strength should be 441 mg administered every 4 weeks. No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients taking 441 mg IM of Aristada, if tolerated. Adults receiving Aristada who are PMs of CYP2D6 and receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their dose reduced from 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1064 mg to 441 mg IM; no dose adjustment is needed in patients receiving 441 mg of Aristada, if tolerated. In adults receiving Aristada 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1064 mg, combined use of a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor and a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days should be avoided; no dose adjustment is needed in patients taking 441 mg, if tolerated. Avoid concurrent use of Aristada Initio and strong CYP3A4 inhibitors because the dose of Aristada Initio cannot be modified.
Dasatinib: (Major) Monitor for evidence of QT prolongation if aripiprazole and dasatinib are coadministered. QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose. In vitro studies have shown that dasatinib has the potential to prolong the QT interval.
Degarelix: (Major) QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose. Since degarelix can cause QT prolongation, degarelix should be used cautiously with other drugs that are associated with QT prolongation. Prescribers need to weigh the potential benefits and risks of degarelix use in patients with prolonged QT syndrome or in patients taking other drugs that may prolong the QT interval.
Delavirdine: (Major) Because aripiprazole is metabolized by CYP3A4 and CYP2D6, the manufacturer recommends that the oral aripiprazole dose be reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose in patients receiving inhibitors of both CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 such as delavirdine. Adults receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. In adults receiving Aristada, the Aristada dose should be reduced to the next lower strength during use of a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, such as delavirdine, for more than 14 days. For patients receiving 882 mg of Aristada every 6 weeks or 1,064 mg every 2 months, the next lower strength should be 441 mg administered every 4 weeks. No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients taking 441 mg IM of Aristada, if tolerated. Patients classified as CYP2D6 poor metabolizers (PMs) who are receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adult patients receiving Abilify Maintena who are PMs and receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor should have a dose reduction to 200 mg/month IM. Adult patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. Adults receiving Aristada who are PMs of CYP2D6 and receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their dose reduced from 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg to 441 mg IM; no dose adjustment is needed in patients receiving 441 mg of Aristada, if tolerated. In adults receiving Aristada 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg, combined use of a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor and a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days should be avoided; no dose adjustment is needed in patients taking 441 mg, if tolerated. Avoid concurrent use of Aristada Initio and strong CYP3A4 inhibitors because the dose of Aristada Initio cannot be modified.
Desipramine: (Moderate) Combination therapy with aripiprazole and tricyclic antidepressants should be approached with caution and close monitoring. Aripiprazole has a risk for QT prolongation and torsade de pointes, and tricyclics at elevated serum concentrations may produce clinically significant prolongation of the QTc interval. In addition, there is potential for other interactions, such as augmentation of anticholinergic effects.
Deutetrabenazine: (Moderate) For patients taking a deutetrabenazine dosage more than 24 mg/day with aripiprazole, assess the QTc interval before and after increasing the dosage of either medication. Clinically relevant QTc prolongation may occur with deutetrabenazine. QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose. Monitor for signs and symptoms of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), restlessness, and agitation. If NMS is diagnosed, immediately discontinue deutetrabenazine, and provide intensive symptomatic treatment and medical monitoring. Recurrence of NMS has been reported with resumption of drug therapy. If akathisia or parkinsonism develops during treatment, the deutetrabenazine dose should be reduced; discontinuation may be required. Deutetrabenazine is a reversible, dopamine depleting drug and aripiprazole is a partial dopamine agonist. The risk for parkinsonism, NMS, or akathisia may be increased with concomitant administration. Additionally, concurrent use of deutetrabenazine and drugs that can cause CNS depression, such as aripiprazole, may have additive effects and worsen drowsiness or sedation. Advise patients about worsened somnolence and not to drive or perform other tasks requiring mental alertness until they know how deutetrabenazine affects them.
Dexamethasone: (Moderate) Because aripiprazole is metabolized by CYP3A4, concurrent use of CYP3A4 inducers such as dexamethasone may result in decreased plasma concentrations of aripiprazole. If these agents are used in combination, the patient should be carefully monitored for a decrease in aripiprazole efficacy. An increase in aripiprazole dosage may be clinically warranted in some patients. Avoid concurrent use of Abilify Maintena with a CYP3A4 inducer when the combined treatment period exceeds 14 days because aripiprazole blood concentrations decline and may become suboptimal. There are no dosing recommendations for Aristada or Aristada Initio during concurrent use of a mild or moderate CYP3A4 inducer.
Dexchlorpheniramine: (Moderate) Due to the primary CNS effects of aripiprazole, caution should be used when aripiprazole is given in combination with other centrally-acting medications including sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may occur.
Dexchlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine: (Moderate) Due to the primary CNS effects of aripiprazole, caution should be used when aripiprazole is given in combination with other centrally-acting medications including sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may occur.
Dexmethylphenidate: (Moderate) Atypical antipsychotics and dexmethylphenidate may interact pharmacodynamically to diminish the therapeutic effects of either agent through opposing effects on dopamine. Dexmethylphenidate blocks central dopamine reuptake, which has the potential to exacerbate psychosis, and antipsychotics, which are central dopamine antagonists, may diminish the effectiveness of dexmethylphenidate.
Dextroamphetamine: (Major) Concurrent use of antipsychotics and amphetamines should generally be avoided. Antipsychotics and amphetamines may interact pharmacodynamically to diminish the therapeutic effects of either agent through opposing effects on dopamine. Amphetamines are thought to block central dopamine reuptake, which has the potential to exacerbate psychosis, and antipsychotics, which are central dopamine antagonists, may diminish the effectiveness of amphetamines.
Dextromethorphan; Promethazine: (Major) Both promethazine and aripiprazole are associated with a possible risk for QT prolongation; therefore, caution is advisable during coadministration. In addition, because aripiprazole is partially metabolized by CYP2D6, patients should be monitored for aripiprazole-related adverse reactions during concurrent use of a CYP2D6 inhibitor such as promethazine. Because aripiprazole is also metabolized by CYP3A4, patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adult patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. There are no dosing recommendations for Aristada or Aristada Initio during use of a mild to moderate CYP2D6 inhibitor. Coadministration of phenothiazines such as promethazine and antipsychotics may also increase the risk of adverse effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic effects, extrapyramidal symptoms, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, or seizures.
Dextromethorphan; Quinidine: (Severe) Avoid use of aripiprazole with quinidine unless the benefit outweighs the risk. Quinidine is generally contraindicated with other drugs that prolong the QT interval and are metabolized by CYP2D6, such as aripiprazole, as the effects on the QT interval may be increased. Manufacturer recommendations for this combination have varied. Do not use the combination product of dextromethorphan; quinidine with aripiprazole. The manufacturers of aripiprazole products do not contraindicate use of quinidine, but recommend dosage adjustments of aripiprazole when used with potent CYP2D6 inhibitors, such as quinidine. For example, the oral aripiprazole dose should be reduced by 50%. Injectable forms of aripiprazole require dose adjustment when the potent CYP2D6 inhibitor will be used for more than 14 days. See the manufacturer prescribing information for detailed recommendations. Both aripiprazole and quinidine are associated with QT prolongation. Increased aripiprazole exposure is likely when a potent CYP2D6 inhibitor like quinidine is used concurrently. In one evaluation, concurrent use of quinidine and oral aripiprazole resulted in an increase in the AUC of aripiprazole of 112% and a decrease in the AUC of its active metabolite by 35%.
Diazepam: (Moderate) Due to the primary CNS effects of aripiprazole, caution should be used when aripiprazole is given in combination with other centrally-acting medications including benzodiazepines and other anxiolytics, sedatives, and hypnotics. The intensity of sedation and orthostatic hypotension is greater during concurrent use of lorazepam and oral aripiprazole and during use of a parenteral benzodiazepine and intramuscular (IM) aripiprazole compared to aripiprazole alone; therefore, patients receiving a benzodiazepine with oral or parenteral aripiprazole should be monitored for sedation and blood pressure and the dose should be adjusted accordingly. Data from the manufacturer indicate there are no clinically significant pharmacokinetic changes when aripiprazole is given with lorazepam.
Diazoxide: (Minor) Aripiprazole may enhance the hypotensive effects of antihypertensive agents.
Diltiazem: (Moderate) Because aripiprazole is partially metabolized by CYP3A4, increased aripiprazole blood levels may occur when the drug is coadministered with inhibitors of CYP3A4 such as diltiazem. If these agents are used in combination, the patient should be carefully monitored for aripiprazole-related adverse reactions. Because aripiprazole is also metabolized by CYP2D6, patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adults receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. There are no dosing recommendations for Aristada or Aristada Initio during use of a mild to moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor. Due to aripiprazole's antagonism at alpha 1-adrenergic receptors, the drug may enhance the hypotensive effects of alpha-blockers and other antihypertensive agents.
Dimenhydrinate: (Moderate) Due to the primary CNS effects of aripiprazole, caution should be used when aripiprazole is given in combination with other centrally-acting medications including sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may occur.
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors: (Moderate) Atypical antipsychotic therapy may aggravate diabetes mellitus and cause metabolic changes such as hyperglycemia. Monitor patients on antidiabetic agents for worsening glycemic control. The atypical antipsychotics have been associated with metabolic changes, including hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar, hyperglycemic states, and diabetic coma. Aggravation of diabetes mellitus has been reported. Possible mechanisms include atypical antipsychotic-induced insulin resistance or direct beta-cell inhibition.
Disopyramide: (Major) QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose. Disopyramide administration is associated with QT prolongation and torsades de pointes (TdP). Aripiprazole should be used cautiously and with close monitoring with disopyramide.
Dofetilide: (Severe) QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose. Dofetilide, a Class III antiarrhythmic agent, is associated with a well-established risk of QT prolongation and torsades de pointes (TdP). Because of the potential for QT prolongation or TdP, concurrent use is contraindicated.
Dolasetron: (Major) QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose. Dolasetron has been associated with a dose-dependant prolongation in the QT, PR, and QRS intervals on an electrocardiogram. Use of dolasetron injection for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting is contraindicated because the risk of QT prolongation is higher with the doses required for this indication; when the injection is used at lower doses (i.e., those approved for post-operative nausea and vomiting) or when the oral formulation is used, the risk of QT prolongation is lower and caution is advised. Aripiprazole should be used cautiously and with close monitoring with dolasetron.
Dolutegravir; Rilpivirine: (Major) QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation; caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with other drugs that may prolong the QT or PR interval. Rilpivirine should be used cautiously and with close monitoring with aripiprazole.
Donepezil: (Major) Case reports indicate that QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP) can occur during donepezil therapy. Donepezil is considered a drug with a known risk of TdP. Drugs with a possible risk for QT prolongation and TdP that should be used cautiously and with close monitoring with donepezil include aripiprazole.
Donepezil; Memantine: (Major) Case reports indicate that QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP) can occur during donepezil therapy. Donepezil is considered a drug with a known risk of TdP. Drugs with a possible risk for QT prolongation and TdP that should be used cautiously and with close monitoring with donepezil include aripiprazole.
Dorzolamide; Timolol: (Minor) Aripiprazole may enhance the hypotensive effects of antihypertensive agents. It may be advisable to monitor blood pressure when these medications are coadministered.
Doxazosin: (Minor) Aripiprazole may enhance the hypotensive effects of antihypertensive agents.
Doxepin: (Moderate) Combination therapy with aripiprazole and tricyclic antidepressants should be approached with caution and close monitoring. Aripiprazole has a risk for QT prolongation and torsade de pointes, and tricyclics at elevated serum concentrations may produce clinically significant prolongation of the QTc interval. In addition, there is potential for other interactions, such as augmentation of anticholinergic effects.
Doxylamine: (Moderate) Due to the primary CNS effects of aripiprazole, caution should be used when aripiprazole is given in combination with other centrally-acting medications including benzodiazepines and other anxiolytics, sedatives, and hypnotics.
Doxylamine; Pyridoxine: (Moderate) Due to the primary CNS effects of aripiprazole, caution should be used when aripiprazole is given in combination with other centrally-acting medications including benzodiazepines and other anxiolytics, sedatives, and hypnotics.
Dronabinol: (Moderate) Drugs that can cause CNS depression such as dronabinol, if used concomitantly with atypical antipsychotics, can increase both the frequency and the intensity of adverse effects such as drowsiness, sedation, and dizziness.
Dronedarone: (Severe) QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose. Dronedarone administration is associated with a dose-related increase in the QTc interval. The increase in QTc is approximately 10 milliseconds at doses of 400 mg twice daily (the FDA-approved dose) and up to 25 milliseconds at doses of 1600 mg twice daily. Although there are no studies examining the effects of dronedarone in patients receiving other QT prolonging drugs, coadministration of such drugs may result in additive QT prolongation. The concomitant use of dronedarone with other drugs that prolong the QTc may induce Torsade de Pointes (TdP) and is contraindicated.
Droperidol: (Major) According to the manufacturer of droperidol, any drug known to have the potential to prolong the QT interval should not be used together with droperidol. The product labeling contains a boxed warning regarding the risk for QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP). QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose. If concurrent use is unavoidable, extreme caution is recommended.
Dulaglutide: (Moderate) Atypical antipsychotic therapy may aggravate diabetes mellitus and cause metabolic changes such as hyperglycemia. Monitor patients on antidiabetic agents for worsening glycemic control. The atypical antipsychotics have been associated with metabolic changes, including hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar, hyperglycemic states, and diabetic coma. Aggravation of diabetes mellitus has been reported. Possible mechanisms include atypical antipsychotic-induced insulin resistance or direct beta-cell inhibition.
Duloxetine: (Moderate) Because aripiprazole is partially metabolized by CYP2D6, increased aripiprazole plasma concentrations may occur during concurrent use of moderate inhibitors of CYP2D6, such as duloxetine. If these agents are used in combination, the patient should be carefully monitored for aripiprazole-related adverse reactions. Because aripiprazole is also metabolized by CYP3A4, patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adults receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. There are no dosing recommendations for Aristada or Aristada Initio during use of a mild to moderate CYP2D6 inhibitor. Aripiprazole dosage adjustments are not required when aripiprazole is added as adjunctive treatment to antidepressants for major depressive disorder provided that the manufacturer's dosing guidelines for this indication are followed.
Efavirenz: (Major) Although data are limited, coadministration of efavirenz and aripiprazole may increase the risk for QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP). QT prolongation has been observed with use of efavirenz. QT prolongation has also occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose. In addition, decreased aripiprazole blood levels are expected when aripiprazole is coadministered with inducers of CYP3A4, such as efavirenz. Monitor the patient carefully for toxicity and efficacy if these agents are used in combination. Dosage adjustments of aripiprazole may be clinically warranted in some patients. Avoid concurrent use of Abilify Maintena with a CYP3A4 inducer when the combined treatment period exceeds 14 days because aripiprazole blood concentrations decline and may become suboptimal. There are no dosing recommendations for Aristada or Aristada Initio during use of a mild to moderate CYP3A4 inducer.
Efavirenz; Emtricitabine; Tenofovir: (Major) Although data are limited, coadministration of efavirenz and aripiprazole may increase the risk for QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP). QT prolongation has been observed with use of efavirenz. QT prolongation has also occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose. In addition, decreased aripiprazole blood levels are expected when aripiprazole is coadministered with inducers of CYP3A4, such as efavirenz. Monitor the patient carefully for toxicity and efficacy if these agents are used in combination. Dosage adjustments of aripiprazole may be clinically warranted in some patients. Avoid concurrent use of Abilify Maintena with a CYP3A4 inducer when the combined treatment period exceeds 14 days because aripiprazole blood concentrations decline and may become suboptimal. There are no dosing recommendations for Aristada or Aristada Initio during use of a mild to moderate CYP3A4 inducer.
Efavirenz; Lamivudine; Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate: (Major) Although data are limited, coadministration of efavirenz and aripiprazole may increase the risk for QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP). QT prolongation has been observed with use of efavirenz. QT prolongation has also occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose. In addition, decreased aripiprazole blood levels are expected when aripiprazole is coadministered with inducers of CYP3A4, such as efavirenz. Monitor the patient carefully for toxicity and efficacy if these agents are used in combination. Dosage adjustments of aripiprazole may be clinically warranted in some patients. Avoid concurrent use of Abilify Maintena with a CYP3A4 inducer when the combined treatment period exceeds 14 days because aripiprazole blood concentrations decline and may become suboptimal. There are no dosing recommendations for Aristada or Aristada Initio during use of a mild to moderate CYP3A4 inducer.
Elagolix: (Moderate) Because aripiprazole is partially metabolized by CYP3A4, caution is advisable during coadministration of a CYP3A4 inducer, such as elagolix. If these agents are used in combination, the patient should be carefully monitored for a decrease in aripiprazole efficacy. A dose adjustment of aripiprazole may be needed. Avoid concurrent use of Abilify Maintena with a CYP3A4 inducer when the combined treatment period exceeds 14 days because aripiprazole blood concentrations decline and may become suboptimal. There are no dosing recommendations for Aristada or Aristada Initio during use of a mild to moderate CYP3A4 inducer.
Elbasvir; Grazoprevir: (Moderate) Administering aripiprazole with grazoprevir may result in elevated aripiprazole plasma concentrations. Aripiprazole is a substrate of CYP3A4 and grazoprevir is a weak CYP3A inhibitor. If these agents are used in combination, the patient should be carefully monitored for aripiprazole-related adverse reactions. In addition, because aripiprazole is also metabolized by CYP2D6, patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adults receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. There are no dosing recommendations for Aristada during use of a mild to moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor.
Eliglustat: (Major) Coadminister aripiprazole and eliglustat cautiously and with close monitoring. Eliglustat is predicted to cause PR, QRS, and/or QT prolongation at significantly elevated plasma concentrations and aripiprazole has the potential for QT prolongation with both therapeutic use and overdose. In addition, because aripiprazole is partially metabolized by CYP2D6, increased aripiprazole plasma concentrations may occur during concurrent use of CYP2D6 inhibitors such as eliglustat. If these agents are used in combination, the patient should be carefully monitored for aripiprazole-related adverse reactions. Because aripiprazole is also metabolized by CYP3A4, patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adult patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. There are no dosing recommendations for Aristada or Aristada Initio during use of a mild to moderate CYP2D6 inhibitor.
Empagliflozin: (Moderate) Atypical antipsychotic therapy may aggravate diabetes mellitus and cause metabolic changes such as hyperglycemia. Monitor patients on antidiabetic agents for worsening glycemic control. The atypical antipsychotics have been associated with metabolic changes, including hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar, hyperglycemic states, and diabetic coma. Aggravation of diabetes mellitus has been reported. Possible mechanisms include atypical antipsychotic-induced insulin resistance or direct beta-cell inhibition.
Empagliflozin; Linagliptin: (Moderate) Atypical antipsychotic therapy may aggravate diabetes mellitus and cause metabolic changes such as hyperglycemia. Monitor patients on antidiabetic agents for worsening glycemic control. The atypical antipsychotics have been associated with metabolic changes, including hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar, hyperglycemic states, and diabetic coma. Aggravation of diabetes mellitus has been reported. Possible mechanisms include atypical antipsychotic-induced insulin resistance or direct beta-cell inhibition.
Empagliflozin; Metformin: (Moderate) Atypical antipsychotic therapy may aggravate diabetes mellitus and cause metabolic changes such as hyperglycemia. Monitor patients on antidiabetic agents for worsening glycemic control. The atypical antipsychotics have been associated with metabolic changes, including hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar, hyperglycemic states, and diabetic coma. Aggravation of diabetes mellitus has been reported. Possible mechanisms include atypical antipsychotic-induced insulin resistance or direct beta-cell inhibition.
Emtricitabine; Rilpivirine; Tenofovir alafenamide: (Major) QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation; caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with other drugs that may prolong the QT or PR interval. Rilpivirine should be used cautiously and with close monitoring with aripiprazole.
Emtricitabine; Rilpivirine; Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate: (Major) QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation; caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with other drugs that may prolong the QT or PR interval. Rilpivirine should be used cautiously and with close monitoring with aripiprazole.
Enalapril; Felodipine: (Minor) Aripiprazole may enhance the hypotensive effects of antihypertensive agents.
Encorafenib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of encorafenib and aripiprazole due to QT prolongation. If concurrent use cannot be avoided, monitor ECGs for QT prolongation and monitor electrolytes; correct hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia prior to treatment. Encorafenib is associated with dose-dependent prolongation of the QT interval. QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose.
Entacapone: (Major) Atypical antipsychotics are central dopamine antagonists and may inhibit the clinical response to antiparkinsonian agents with dopamine agonist properties by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain. Due to the CNS depressant effects of atypical antipsychotics, additive drowsiness may occur with Parkinson's treatments like entacapone or tolcapone. In general, atypical antipsychotics are less likely to interfere with these therapies than traditional antipsychotic agents.
Enzalutamide: (Major) Because aripiprazole is partially metabolized by CYP3A4, the manufacturer recommends that the oral aripiprazole dose be doubled over 1 to 2 weeks when a potent CYP3A4 inducer, such as enzalutamide, is added to aripiprazole therapy. If these agents are used in combination, the patient should be carefully monitored for a decrease in aripiprazole efficacy. When the CYP3A4 inducer is discontinued, the aripiprazole dose should be reduced to the original level over 1 to 2 weeks. Avoid concurrent use of Abilify Maintena with a strong CYP3A4 inducer when the combined treatment period exceeds 14 days because aripiprazole blood concentrations decline and may become suboptimal. In adults receiving Aristada with a strong CYP3A4 inducer for more than 14 days, no dose adjustment is necessary for the 662 mg or the 882 mg dose; increase the 441 mg dose to 662 mg. Avoid concurrent use of Aristada Initio and strong CYP3A4 inducers.
Eplerenone: (Minor) Aripiprazole may enhance the hypotensive effects of antihypertensive agents.
Epoprostenol: (Minor) Aripiprazole may enhance the hypotensive effects of antihypertensive agents.
Eribulin: (Major) QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose. Eribulin has been associated with QT prolongation. If eribulin and another drug that prolongs the QT interval must be coadministered, ECG monitoring is recommended; closely monitor the patient for QT interval prolongation.
Ertugliflozin: (Moderate) Atypical antipsychotic therapy may aggravate diabetes mellitus and cause metabolic changes such as hyperglycemia. Monitor patients on antidiabetic agents for worsening glycemic control. The atypical antipsychotics have been associated with metabolic changes, including hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar, hyperglycemic states, and diabetic coma. Aggravation of diabetes mellitus has been reported. Possible mechanisms include atypical antipsychotic-induced insulin resistance or direct beta-cell inhibition.
Ertugliflozin; Metformin: (Moderate) Atypical antipsychotic therapy may aggravate diabetes mellitus and cause metabolic changes such as hyperglycemia. Monitor patients on antidiabetic agents for worsening glycemic control. The atypical antipsychotics have been associated with metabolic changes, including hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar, hyperglycemic states, and diabetic coma. Aggravation of diabetes mellitus has been reported. Possible mechanisms include atypical antipsychotic-induced insulin resistance or direct beta-cell inhibition.
Ertugliflozin; Sitagliptin: (Moderate) Atypical antipsychotic therapy may aggravate diabetes mellitus and cause metabolic changes such as hyperglycemia. Monitor patients on antidiabetic agents for worsening glycemic control. The atypical antipsychotics have been associated with metabolic changes, including hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar, hyperglycemic states, and diabetic coma. Aggravation of diabetes mellitus has been reported. Possible mechanisms include atypical antipsychotic-induced insulin resistance or direct beta-cell inhibition.
Erythromycin: (Major) Because both erythromycin and aripiprazole are associated with a possible risk for QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP), the combination should be used cautiously and with close monitoring. In addition, because aripiprazole is partially metabolized by CYP3A4, increased aripiprazole blood levels may occur when the drug is coadministered with inhibitors of CYP3A4 such as erythromycin. If these agents are used in combination, the patient should be carefully monitored for aripiprazole-related adverse reactions. Because aripiprazole is also metabolized by CYP2D6, patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adults receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. There are no dosing recommendations for Aristada or Aristada Initio during use of a mild to moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor.
Erythromycin; Sulfisoxazole: (Major) Because both erythromycin and aripiprazole are associated with a possible risk for QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP), the combination should be used cautiously and with close monitoring. In addition, because aripiprazole is partially metabolized by CYP3A4, increased aripiprazole blood levels may occur when the drug is coadministered with inhibitors of CYP3A4 such as erythromycin. If these agents are used in combination, the patient should be carefully monitored for aripiprazole-related adverse reactions. Because aripiprazole is also metabolized by CYP2D6, patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adults receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. There are no dosing recommendations for Aristada or Aristada Initio during use of a mild to moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor.
Escitalopram: (Moderate) Because both escitalopram and aripiprazole are associated with a possible risk for QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP), this combination should be used cautiously and with close monitoring. In addition, because aripiprazole is partially metabolized by CYP2D6, increased aripiprazole plasma concentrations may occur during concurrent use of inhibitors of CYP2D6, such as escitalopram. If these agents are used in combination, the patient should be carefully monitored for aripiprazole-related adverse reactions. Because aripiprazole is also metabolized by CYP3A4, patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adults receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. There are no dosing recommendations for Aristada or Aristada Initio during use of a mild to moderate CYP2D6 inhibitor. Aripiprazole dosage adjustments are not required when aripiprazole is added as adjunctive treatment to antidepressants for major depressive disorder provided that the manufacturer's dosing guidelines for this indication are followed.
Eslicarbazepine: (Moderate) In vivo studies suggest eslicarbazepine is an inducer of CYP3A4. Coadministration of CYP3A4 substrates, such as aripiprazole, may result in decreased serum concentrations of the substrate. Monitor for decreased efficacy of aripiprazole if coadministered with eslicarbazepine. Dosage adjustments of aripirazole may be necessary. Avoid concurrent use of Abilify Maintena with a CYP3A4 inducer when the combined treatment period exceeds 14 days because aripiprazole blood concentrations decline and may become suboptimal. There are no dosing recommendations for Aristada or Aristada Initio during use of a mild to moderate CYP3A4 inducer.
Esmolol: (Minor) Aripiprazole may enhance the hypotensive effects of antihypertensive agents. It may be advisable to monitor blood pressure when these medications are coadministered.
Estazolam: (Moderate) Due to the primary CNS effects of aripiprazole, caution should be used when aripiprazole is given in combination with other centrally-acting medications including benzodiazepines and other anxiolytics, sedatives, and hypnotics. The intensity of sedation and orthostatic hypotension is greater during concurrent use of lorazepam and oral aripiprazole and during use of a parenteral benzodiazepine and intramuscular (IM) aripiprazole compared to aripiprazole alone; therefore, patients receiving a benzodiazepine with oral or parenteral aripiprazole should be monitored for sedation and blood pressure and the dose should be adjusted accordingly. Data from the manufacturer indicate there are no clinically significant pharmacokinetic changes when aripiprazole is given with lorazepam.
Eszopiclone: (Moderate) A reduction in the dose of eszopiclone should be considered during co-administration of other CNS depressants, such as antipsychotics, to minimize additive sedative effects. In addition, the risk of next-day psychomotor impairment is increased during co-administration of eszopiclone and other CNS depressants, which may decrease the ability to perform tasks requiring full mental alertness such as driving. Antipsychotics with a higher incidence of sedation, such as olanzapine, clozapine, quetiapine, lurasidone, chlorpromazine, and thioridazine, are more likely to interact with eszopiclone. In one evaluation, concurrent use of eszopiclone and olanzapine reduced psychomotor function as measured by the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST).
Ethanol: (Moderate) Alcohol may potentiate the CNS effects of the atypical antipsychotics, which have the potential to cause increased sedation, or to impair judgment, thinking, or motor skills. Patients should be appropriately cautioned.
Ethotoin: (Major) Because aripiprazole is metabolized by CYP3A4, the manufacturer recommends that the oral aripiprazole dose be doubled over 1 to 2 weeks when potent CYP3A4 inducers, such as phenytoin or other hydantoins, are added to aripiprazole therapy. Carefully monitor the patient for evidence of a decrease in aripiprazole efficacy. When the CYP3A4 inducer is withdrawn from the combination therapy, the oral aripiprazole dose in adults should be reduced to the previous dose over 1 to 2 weeks. Avoid concurrent use of Abilify Maintena with a CYP3A4 inducer when the combined treatment period exceeds 14 days because aripiprazole blood concentrations decline and may become suboptimal. In adults receiving Aristada with a strong CYP3A4 inducer, no dosage adjustment is necessary for the 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg dose; increase the 441 mg dose to 662 mg if the CYP inducer is added for more than 2 weeks. Avoid concurrent use of Aristada Initio and strong CYP3A4 inducers. Additive CNS effects are possible, including drowsiness or dizziness. Patients should report any unusual changes in moods or behaviors while taking this combination.
Etravirine: (Moderate) Because aripiprazole is partially metabolized by CYP3A4, caution is advisable during use of a CYP3A4 inducer, such as etravirine. If these agents are used in combination, the patient should be carefully monitored for a decrease in aripiprazole efficacy. Avoid concurrent use of Abilify Maintena with a CYP3A4 inducer when the combined treatment period exceeds 14 days because aripiprazole blood concentrations decline and may become suboptimal. There are no dosing recommendations for Aristada or Aristada Initio during use of a mild to moderate CYP3A4 inducer.
Exenatide: (Moderate) Atypical antipsychotic therapy may aggravate diabetes mellitus and cause metabolic changes such as hyperglycemia. Monitor patients on antidiabetic agents for worsening glycemic control. The atypical antipsychotics have been associated with metabolic changes, including hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar, hyperglycemic states, and diabetic coma. Aggravation of diabetes mellitus has been reported. Possible mechanisms include atypical antipsychotic-induced insulin resistance or direct beta-cell inhibition.
Ezogabine: (Major) QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose. Ezogabine has been associated with QT prolongation. The manufacturer of ezogabine recommends caution during concurrent use of medications known to increase the QT interval. Aripiprazole should be used cautiously and with close monitoring with ezogabine.
Famotidine: (Minor) Coadministration of aripiprazole with famotidine decreases aripiprazole's solubility and rate of absorption. The Cmax of aripiprazole and the metabolite dehydroaripiprazole are decreased by 37% and 21%, respectively, and the AUC of aripiprazole and the dehydroaripiprazole metabolite are decreased by 13% and 15%, respectively. This interaction does not appear to cause clinically relevant effects and therefore no dosage adjustments are required.
Famotidine; Ibuprofen: (Minor) Coadministration of aripiprazole with famotidine decreases aripiprazole's solubility and rate of absorption. The Cmax of aripiprazole and the metabolite dehydroaripiprazole are decreased by 37% and 21%, respectively, and the AUC of aripiprazole and the dehydroaripiprazole metabolite are decreased by 13% and 15%, respectively. This interaction does not appear to cause clinically relevant effects and therefore no dosage adjustments are required.
Felodipine: (Minor) Aripiprazole may enhance the hypotensive effects of antihypertensive agents.
Fenoldopam: (Minor) Aripiprazole may enhance the hypotensive effects of antihypertensive agents.
Fingolimod: (Major) QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose. Fingolimod initiation results in decreased heart rate and may prolong the QT interval. After the first fingolimod dose, overnight monitoring with continuous ECG in a medical facility is advised for patients taking QT prolonging drugs with a known risk of torsades de pointes (TdP). Fingolimod has not been studied in patients treated with drugs that prolong the QT interval, but drugs that prolong the QT interval have been associated with cases of TdP in patients with bradycardia. Aripiprazole should be used cautiously and with close monitoring with fingolimod.
Flecainide: (Major) QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose. Flecainide is a Class IC antiarrhythmic associated with a possible risk for QT prolongation and/or torsades de pointes (TdP); flecainide increases the QT interval, but largely due to prolongation of the QRS interval. Although causality for TdP has not been established for flecainide, patients receiving concurrent drugs which have the potential for QT prolongation may have an increased risk of developing proarrhythmias. Aripiprazole should be used cautiously and with close monitoring with flecainide.
Fluconazole: (Severe) Avoid use of aripiprazole with fluconazole unless the benefit outweighs the risk of QT prolongation or other side effects. Conflicting recommendations are available from the manufacturers of the drugs. According to the manufacturer of fluconazole, coadministration of drugs known to prolong the QT interval and which are CYP3A4 substrates, such as aripiprazole, is contraindicated in patients receiving fluconazole. Metabolism of aripiprazole occurs mainly through CYP3A4 and CYP2D6. Both fluconazole and aripiprazole have been associated with QT prolongation. The manufacturers of aripiprazole products do not contraindicate use of fluconazole, but do recommend dosage adjustments of oral aripiprazole when used with CYP3A4 inhibitors such as fluconazole. Manufacturers of aripiprazole injections recommend adjustments when a potent CYP3A4 inhibitor will be used for more than 14 days. See the manufacturer prescribing information for detailed recommendations.
Fluoxetine: (Major) Because both fluoxetine and aripiprazole are associated with a possible risk for QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP), the combination should be used cautiously and with close monitoring. Also, fluoxetine is a potent inhibitor of CYP2D6, which may decrease the clearance of CYP2D6 substrates including aripiprazole. The manufacturer recommends that the oral aripiprazole dose be reduced by one-half when co-administered with potent inhibitors of CYP2D6. Because aripiprazole is also metabolized by CYP3A4, patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. In adults receiving 300 mg or 400 mg of Abilify Maintena, dose reductions to 200 mg or 300 mg, respectively, are recommended if a potent CYP2D6 inhibitor is used for more than 14 days. In adults receiving Aristada, the Aristada dose should be reduced to the next lower strength during use of a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days. For patients receiving 882 mg of Aristada every 6 weeks or 1,064 mg every 2 months, the next lower strength should be 441 mg administered every 4 weeks. No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients taking 441 mg IM of Aristada, if tolerated. Patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. In adults receiving Aristada 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg, combined use of a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor and a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days should be avoided; no dose adjustment is needed in patients taking 441 mg, if tolerated. Avoid concurrent use of Aristada Initio and strong CYP2D6 inhibitors because the dose of Aristada Initio cannot be modified. Aripiprazole dosage adjustments are not required when aripiprazole is added as adjunctive treatment to antidepressants for major depressive disorder provided that the manufacturer's dosing guidelines for this indication are followed.
Fluoxetine; Olanzapine: (Major) Because both fluoxetine and aripiprazole are associated with a possible risk for QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP), the combination should be used cautiously and with close monitoring. Also, fluoxetine is a potent inhibitor of CYP2D6, which may decrease the clearance of CYP2D6 substrates including aripiprazole. The manufacturer recommends that the oral aripiprazole dose be reduced by one-half when co-administered with potent inhibitors of CYP2D6. Because aripiprazole is also metabolized by CYP3A4, patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. In adults receiving 300 mg or 400 mg of Abilify Maintena, dose reductions to 200 mg or 300 mg, respectively, are recommended if a potent CYP2D6 inhibitor is used for more than 14 days. In adults receiving Aristada, the Aristada dose should be reduced to the next lower strength during use of a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days. For patients receiving 882 mg of Aristada every 6 weeks or 1,064 mg every 2 months, the next lower strength should be 441 mg administered every 4 weeks. No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients taking 441 mg IM of Aristada, if tolerated. Patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. In adults receiving Aristada 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg, combined use of a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor and a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days should be avoided; no dose adjustment is needed in patients taking 441 mg, if tolerated. Avoid concurrent use of Aristada Initio and strong CYP2D6 inhibitors because the dose of Aristada Initio cannot be modified. Aripiprazole dosage adjustments are not required when aripiprazole is added as adjunctive treatment to antidepressants for major depressive disorder provided that the manufacturer's dosing guidelines for this indication are followed. (Moderate) Coadministration may result in additive effects on the QT interval. Both aripiprazole and olanzapine have been associated with QT prolongation. In addition, the risk of drowsiness, dizziness, hypotension, extrapyramidal symptoms, anticholinergic effects, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, tardive dyskinesia, or seizures may be increased during combined use; therefore, it may be advisable to initiate treatment with lower dosages if combination therapy is deemed necessary.
Fluphenazine: (Major) Fluphenazine,a phenothiazine, is associated with a possible risk for QT prolongation. Theoretically, prochlorperazine may increase the risk of QT prolongation if coadministered with drugs with a possible risk for QT prolongation, such as aripiprazole. Co-administration of fluphenazine with atypical agents (e.g., lurasidone and others) may increase the risk of adverse effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic effects, extrapyramidal symptoms, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, or seizures. The likelihood of these pharmacodynamic interactions varies based upon the individual properties of the co-administered antipsychotic agent. Although the incidence of tardive dyskinesia from combination antipsychotic therapy has not been established and data are very limited, the risk appears to be increased during use of a conventional and atypical antipsychotic versus use of a conventional antipsychotic alone.
Flurazepam: (Moderate) Due to the primary CNS effects of aripiprazole, caution should be used when aripiprazole is given in combination with other centrally-acting medications including benzodiazepines and other anxiolytics, sedatives, and hypnotics. The intensity of sedation and orthostatic hypotension is greater during concurrent use of lorazepam and oral aripiprazole and during use of a parenteral benzodiazepine and intramuscular (IM) aripiprazole compared to aripiprazole alone; therefore, patients receiving a benzodiazepine with oral or parenteral aripiprazole should be monitored for sedation and blood pressure and the dose should be adjusted accordingly. Data from the manufacturer indicate there are no clinically significant pharmacokinetic changes when aripiprazole is given with lorazepam.
Fluticasone; Salmeterol: (Moderate) QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose. Caution advised if administering with other drugs that may cause QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP), including beta-agonists.
Fluticasone; Umeclidinium; Vilanterol: (Moderate) QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose. Caution advised if administering with other drugs that may cause QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP), including beta-agonists.
Fluticasone; Vilanterol: (Moderate) QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose. Caution advised if administering with other drugs that may cause QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP), including beta-agonists.
Fluvoxamine: (Moderate) There may be an increased risk for QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP) during concurrent use of fluvoxamine and aripiprazole. Coadminister with caution. QT prolongation and TdP have been reported during postmarketing use of fluvoxamine. QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose. Fluvoxamine is an inhibitor of CYP3A4 and CYP2D6, which may result in decreased clearance of substrates of these isoenzymes including aripiprazole. Decreased metabolism of aripiprazole may lead to clinically important adverse reactions that are associated with antipsychotic use, such as extrapyramidal symptoms. Patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adults receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. There are no dosing recommendations for Aristada or Aristada Initio during use of a mild to moderate CYP2D6 or CYP3A4 inhibitor. Aripiprazole dosage adjustments are not required when aripiprazole is added as adjunctive treatment to antidepressants for major depressive disorder provided that the manufacturer's dosing guidelines for this indication are followed.
Food: (Major) It is recommended that patients avoid the use of marijuana, by any route, if they are treated for a psychiatric history, including psychosis and bipolar disorder, as the cannabinoids (the psychoactive ingredients, such as THC) in marijuana can produce psychotoxic effects and may exacerbate psychiatric disorders. A high frequency of use and use of products with high-potency of THC are potential risk factors for psychiatric effects. Additionally, additive CNS effects, such as sedation or CNS depression are possible. Clinical studies suggest that cannabis use may reduce the efficacy of some antipsychotic drugs. In addition, several cannabinoids in marijuana appear to influence the activity of CYP enzymes and P-glycoprotein, which may alter the concentrations of antipsychotics and influence either safety or efficacy, For example, the smoking of marijuana influences the metabolism of some medications in a manner similar to tobacco by inducing CYP1A2.
Formoterol: (Moderate) QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose. Caution advised if administering with other drugs that may cause QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP), including beta-agonists.
Formoterol; Mometasone: (Moderate) QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose. Caution advised if administering with other drugs that may cause QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP), including beta-agonists.
Fosamprenavir: (Major) Because aripiprazole is partially metabolized by CYP3A4, the manufacturer recommends that the oral aripiprazole dose be reduced to one-half of the usual dose in patients receiving strong inhibitors of CYP3A4 such as fosamprenavir. In adults receiving 300 mg or 400 mg of Abilify Maintena, dose reductions to 200 mg or 300 mg, respectively, are recommended if the CYP3A4 inhibitor is used for more than 14 days. In adults receiving Aristada, the Aristada dose should be reduced to the next lower strength during use of a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days. For patients receiving 882 mg of Aristada every 6 weeks or 1,064 mg every 2 months, the next lower strength should be 441 mg administered every 4 weeks. No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients taking 441 mg IM of Aristada, if tolerated. Because aripiprazole is also metabolized by CYP2D6, patients classified as CYP2D6 poor metabolizers (PMs) who are receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor or patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adults receiving Abilify Maintena who are PMs and receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor should have a dose reduction to 200 mg/month IM. Patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. Adults receiving Aristada who are PMs of CYP2D6 and receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their dose reduced from 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg to 441 mg IM; no dose adjustment is needed in patients receiving 441 mg of Aristada, if tolerated. In adults receiving Aristada 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg, combined use of a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor and a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days should be avoided; no dose adjustment is needed in patients taking 441 mg, if tolerated. Avoid concurrent use of Aristada Initio and strong CYP3A4 inhibitors because the dose of Aristada Initio cannot be modified.
Foscarnet: (Major) When possible, avoid concurrent use of foscarnet with other drugs known to prolong the QT interval, such as aripiprazole. Foscarnet has been associated with postmarketing reports of both QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP). QT prolongation has also occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose. If these drugs are administered together, obtain an electrocardiogram and electrolyte concentrations before and periodically during treatment.
Fosphenytoin: (Major) Because aripiprazole is metabolized by CYP3A4, the manufacturer recommends that the oral aripiprazole dose be doubled over 1 to 2 weeks when potent CYP3A4 inducers, such as phenytoin or other hydantoins, are added to aripiprazole therapy. Carefully monitor the patient for evidence of a decrease in aripiprazole efficacy. When the CYP3A4 inducer is withdrawn from the combination therapy, the oral aripiprazole dose in adults should be reduced to the previous dose over 1 to 2 weeks. Avoid concurrent use of Abilify Maintena with a CYP3A4 inducer when the combined treatment period exceeds 14 days because aripiprazole blood concentrations decline and may become suboptimal. In adults receiving Aristada with a strong CYP3A4 inducer, no dosage adjustment is necessary for the 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg dose; increase the 441 mg dose to 662 mg if the CYP inducer is added for more than 2 weeks. Avoid concurrent use of Aristada Initio and strong CYP3A4 inducers. Additive CNS effects are possible, including drowsiness or dizziness. Patients should report any unusual changes in moods or behaviors while taking this combination.
Ganirelix: (Moderate) Antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia results in down-regulation of the number of pituitary GnRH receptors and may interfere with the response to ganirelix, a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analog.
Gefitinib: (Moderate) Because aripiprazole is partially metabolized by CYP2D6, patients should be carefully monitored for aripiprazole-related adverse reactions during concurrent use of a CYP2D6 inhibitor such as gefitinib. Because aripiprazole is also metabolized by CYP3A4, patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adults receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. There are no dosing recommendations for Aristada or Aristada Initio during use of a mild to moderate CYP2D6 inhibitor.
Gemifloxacin: (Major) QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose. Gemifloxacin may prolong the QT interval in some patients. The maximal change in the QTc interval occurs approximately 5 to 10 hours following oral administration of gemifloxacin. The likelihood of QTc prolongation may increase with increasing dose of the drug; therefore, the recommended dose should not be exceeded especially in patients with renal or hepatic impairment where the Cmax and AUC are slightly higher. Aripiprazole should be used cautiously and with close monitoring with gemifloxacin
Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin: (Moderate) Use gemtuzumab ozogamicin and aripiprazole together with caution due to the potential for additive QT interval prolongation and risk of torsade de pointes (TdP). If these agents are used together, obtain an ECG and serum electrolytes prior to the start of gemtuzumab and as needed during treatment. Although QT interval prolongation has not been reported with gemtuzumab, it has been reported with other drugs that contain calicheamicin. QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose.
Glasdegib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of glasdegib with aripiprazole due to the potential for additive QT prolongation. If coadministration cannot be avoided, monitor patients for increased risk of QT prolongation with increased frequency of ECG monitoring. Glasdegib therapy may result in QT prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias including ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia. QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose.
Glipizide; Metformin: (Moderate) Atypical antipsychotic therapy may aggravate diabetes mellitus and cause metabolic changes such as hyperglycemia. Monitor patients on antidiabetic agents for worsening glycemic control. The atypical antipsychotics have been associated with metabolic changes, including hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar, hyperglycemic states, and diabetic coma. Aggravation of diabetes mellitus has been reported. Possible mechanisms include atypical antipsychotic-induced insulin resistance or direct beta-cell inhibition.
Glyburide; Metformin: (Moderate) Atypical antipsychotic therapy may aggravate diabetes mellitus and cause metabolic changes such as hyperglycemia. Monitor patients on antidiabetic agents for worsening glycemic control. The atypical antipsychotics have been associated with metabolic changes, including hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar, hyperglycemic states, and diabetic coma. Aggravation of diabetes mellitus has been reported. Possible mechanisms include atypical antipsychotic-induced insulin resistance or direct beta-cell inhibition.
Glycopyrrolate; Formoterol: (Moderate) QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose. Caution advised if administering with other drugs that may cause QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP), including beta-agonists.
Goserelin: (Moderate) Androgen deprivation therapy (e.g., goserelin) prolongs the QT interval; the risk may be increased with the concurrent use of drugs that may prolong the QT interval. Aripiprazole is associated with a possible risk for QT prolongation and should be used cautiously and with close monitoring with goserelin. QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose. Additionally, some antipsychotics may induce hyperprolactinemia, resulting in down-regulation of the number of pituitary GnRH receptors and may interfere with the response to goserelin therapy.
Granisetron: (Major) QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose. Granisetron has been associated with QT prolongation. According to the manufacturer, use of granisetron in patients concurrently treated with drugs known to prolong the QT interval and/or are arrhythmogenic, may result in clinical consequences. Granisetron should be used cautiously and with close monitoring with aripiprazole
Grapefruit juice: (Moderate) Grapefruit and grapefruit juice inhibit CYP3A4 metabolism in gut enterocytes, and therefore may decrease aripiprazole metabolism, resulting in increased blood concentrations of aripiprazole. Patients should not significantly adjust their intake of grapefruit or grapefruit juice while taking aripiprazole. As with drugs that significantly inhibit the CYP3A4 pathway, consideration should be given to altering the aripiprazole dose.
Halofantrine: (Moderate) Because aripiprazole is partially metabolized by CYP2D6, patients should be carefully monitored for aripiprazole-related adverse reactions during concurrent use of a CYP2D6 inhibitor such as halofantrine. Because aripiprazole is also metabolized by CYP3A4, patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adult patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. There are no dosing recommendations for Aristada or Aristada Initio during use of a mild to moderate CYP2D6 inhibitor.
Halogenated Anesthetics: (Major) QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose. Halogenated anesthetics can prolong the QT interval and should be used cautiously and with close monitoring with aripirazole.
Haloperidol: (Major) Because both haloperidol and aripiprazole are associated with a possible risk for QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP), the combination should be used cautiously and with close monitoring. In addition, haloperidol is an inhibitor of CYP2D6 and aripiprazole is a partial substrate for aripiprazole. If these agents are used in combination, the patient should be carefully monitored for aripiprazole-related adverse reactions. Because aripiprazole is also metabolized by CYP3A4, patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adults receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. There are no dosing recommendations for Aristada or Aristada Initio during use of a mild to moderate CYP2D6 inhibitor. The risk of drowsiness, dizziness, hypotension, extrapyramidal symptoms, anticholinergic effects, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, or seizures may be increased during combined use; therefore, it may be advisable to initiate treatment with lower dosages if combination therapy is necessary. Although the incidence of tardive dyskinesia from combination antipsychotic therapy has not been established and data are very limited, the risk appears to be increased during use of a conventional and atypical antipsychotic versus use of a conventional antipsychotic alone.
Histrelin: (Moderate) Consider periodic monitoring of EGCs for QT prolongation and monitor electrolytes if coadministration of histrelin and aripiprazole is necessary; correct any electrolyte abnormalities. Androgen deprivation therapy (e.g., histrelin) prolongs the QT interval; the risk may be increased with the concurrent use of drugs that may prolong the QT interval. QT prolongation has also occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose.
Hydantoins: (Major) Because aripiprazole is metabolized by CYP3A4, the manufacturer recommends that the oral aripiprazole dose be doubled over 1 to 2 weeks when potent CYP3A4 inducers, such as phenytoin or other hydantoins, are added to aripiprazole therapy. Carefully monitor the patient for evidence of a decrease in aripiprazole efficacy. When the CYP3A4 inducer is withdrawn from the combination therapy, the oral aripiprazole dose in adults should be reduced to the previous dose over 1 to 2 weeks. Avoid concurrent use of Abilify Maintena with a CYP3A4 inducer when the combined treatment period exceeds 14 days because aripiprazole blood concentrations decline and may become suboptimal. In adults receiving Aristada with a strong CYP3A4 inducer, no dosage adjustment is necessary for the 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg dose; increase the 441 mg dose to 662 mg if the CYP inducer is added for more than 2 weeks. Avoid concurrent use of Aristada Initio and strong CYP3A4 inducers. Additive CNS effects are possible, including drowsiness or dizziness. Patients should report any unusual changes in moods or behaviors while taking this combination.
Hydralazine: (Minor) Aripiprazole may enhance the hypotensive effects of antihypertensive agents.
Hydralazine; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Minor) Aripiprazole may enhance the hypotensive effects of antihypertensive agents.
Hydralazine; Isosorbide Dinitrate, ISDN: (Minor) Aripiprazole may enhance the hypotensive effects of antihypertensive agents.
Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Metoprolol: (Minor) Aripiprazole may enhance the hypotensive effects of antihypertensive agents. It may be advisable to monitor blood pressure when these medications are coadministered.
Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Propranolol: (Minor) Aripiprazole may enhance the hypotensive effects of antihypertensive agents. It may be advisable to monitor blood pressure when these medications are coadministered.
Hydroxychloroquine: (Major) Hydroxychloroquine has been associated with ventricular arrhythmias and torsade de pointes and generally should not be administered with other drugs known to prolong the QT interval such as aripiprazole. In addition, because aripiprazole is partially metabolized by CYP2D6, patients should be carefully monitored for aripiprazole-related adverse reactions during concurrent use of a CYP2D6 inhibitor such as hydroxychloroquine. Because aripiprazole is also metabolized by CYP3A4, patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adult patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. There are no dosing recommendations for Aristada or Aristada Initio during use of a mild to moderate CYP2D6 inhibitor.
Hydroxyzine: (Moderate) Due to the primary CNS effects of aripiprazole, caution should be used when aripiprazole is given in combination with other centrally-acting medications including benzodiazepines and other anxiolytics, sedatives, and hypnotics.
Ibutilide: (Major) QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose. Ibutilide administration can cause QT prolongation and torsades de pointes (TdP); proarrhythmic events should be anticipated. The potential for proarrhythmic events with ibutilide increases with the coadministration of other drugs that prolong the QT interval. Ibutilide should be used cautiously and with close monitoring with aripiprazole.
Idelalisib: (Major) If possible, avoid concomitant use of idelalisib, a strong CYP3A inhibitor, with aripiprazole, a CYP3A substrate, as aripiprazole toxicities may be significantly increased. If these drugs must be used together, the manufacturer of aripiprazole recommends that the oral aripiprazole dose be reduced to one-half of the usual dose in patients receiving strong inhibitors of CYP3A4. In adults receiving 300 mg or 400 mg of Abilify Maintena, dose reductions to 200 mg or 300 mg, respectively, are recommended if the CYP3A4 inhibitor is used for more than 14 days. In adults receiving Aristada, the Aristada dose should be reduced to the next lower strength during use of a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days. For patients receiving 882 mg of Aristada every 6 weeks or 1,064 mg every 2 months, the next lower strength should be 441 mg administered every 4 weeks. No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients taking 441 mg IM of Aristada, if tolerated. Because aripiprazole is also metabolized by CYP2D6, patients classified as CYP2D6 poor metabolizers (PMs) who are receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor or patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adults receiving Abilify Maintena who are PMs and receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor should have a dose reduction to 200 mg/month IM. Patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. Adults receiving Aristada who are PMs of CYP2D6 and receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their dose reduced from 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg to 441 mg IM; no dose adjustment is needed in patients receiving 441 mg of Aristada, if tolerated. In adults receiving Aristada 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg, combined use of a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor and a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days should be avoided; no dose adjustment is needed in patients taking 441 mg, if tolerated. Avoid concurrent use of Aristada Initio and strong CYP3A4 inhibitors because the dose of Aristada Initio cannot be modified.
Iloperidone: (Major) QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose. Iloperidone is an atypical antipsychotics with a possible risk for QT prolongation and TdP that should be used cautiously and with close monitoring with aripiprazole. In addition, caution is advisable when aripiprazole is given in combination with other CNS depressants such as other atypical antipsychotics. The risk of drowsiness, dizziness, hypotension, extrapyramidal symptoms, anticholinergic effects, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, tardive dyskinesia, or seizures may be increased during combined use; therefore, it may be advisable to initiate treatment with lower dosages if combination therapy is deemed necessary. The likelihood of these pharmacodynamic interactions varies based upon the individual properties of the co-administered antipsychotic agent.
Iloprost: (Minor) Aripiprazole may enhance the hypotensive effects of antihypertensive agents.
Imatinib: (Major) Because aripiprazole is metabolized by CYP3A4 and CYP2D6, the manufacturer recommends that the oral aripiprazole dose be reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose in patients receiving inhibitors of both CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 such as imatinib, STI-571. If these agents are used in combination, the patient should be carefully monitored for aripiprazole-related adverse reactions. Adult patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. There are no dosing recommendations for Aristada or Aristada Initio during use of a mild to moderate CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor.
Imipramine: (Moderate) Combination therapy with aripiprazole and tricyclic antidepressants should be approached with caution and close monitoring. Aripiprazole has a risk for QT prolongation and torsade de pointes, and tricyclics at elevated serum concentrations may produce clinically significant prolongation of the QTc interval. In addition, there is potential for other interactions, such as augmentation of anticholinergic effects.
Incretin Mimetics: (Moderate) Atypical antipsychotic therapy may aggravate diabetes mellitus and cause metabolic changes such as hyperglycemia. Monitor patients on antidiabetic agents for worsening glycemic control. The atypical antipsychotics have been associated with metabolic changes, including hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar, hyperglycemic states, and diabetic coma. Aggravation of diabetes mellitus has been reported. Possible mechanisms include atypical antipsychotic-induced insulin resistance or direct beta-cell inhibition.
Indacaterol: (Moderate) QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose. Caution advised if administering with other drugs that may cause QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP), including beta-agonists.
Indacaterol; Glycopyrrolate: (Moderate) QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose. Caution advised if administering with other drugs that may cause QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP), including beta-agonists.
Indinavir: (Major) Because aripiprazole is partially metabolized by CYP3A4, the manufacturer recommends that the oral aripiprazole dose be reduced to one-half of the usual dose in patients receiving strong inhibitors of CYP3A4 such as indinavir. In adults receiving 300 mg or 400 mg of Abilify Maintena, dose reductions to 200 mg or 300 mg, respectively, are recommended if the CYP3A4 inhibitor is used for more than 14 days. In adults receiving Aristada, the Aristada dose should be reduced to the next lower strength during use of a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days. For patients receiving 882 mg of Aristada every 6 weeks or 1,064 mg every 2 months, the next lower strength should be 441 mg administered every 4 weeks. No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients taking 441 mg IM of Aristada, if tolerated. Because aripiprazole is also metabolized by CYP2D6, patients classified as CYP2D6 poor metabolizers (PMs) who are receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor or patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adults receiving Abilify Maintena who are PMs and receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor should have a dose reduction to 200 mg/month IM. Patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. Adults receiving Aristada who are PMs of CYP2D6 and receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their dose reduced from 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg to 441 mg IM; no dose adjustment is needed in patients receiving 441 mg of Aristada, if tolerated. In adults receiving Aristada 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg, combined use of a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor and a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days should be avoided; no dose adjustment is needed in patients taking 441 mg, if tolerated. Avoid concurrent use of Aristada Initio and strong CYP3A4 inhibitors because the dose of Aristada Initio cannot be modified.
Inotuzumab Ozogamicin: (Major) Avoid coadministration of inotuzumab ozogamicin with aripiprazole due to the potential for additive QT prolongation and risk of torsade de pointes (TdP). If coadministration is unavoidable, obtain an ECG and serum electrolytes prior to the start of treatment, after treatment initiation, and periodically during treatment. Inotuzumab has been associated with QT interval prolongation. QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose.
Insulin Degludec; Liraglutide: (Moderate) Atypical antipsychotic therapy may aggravate diabetes mellitus and cause metabolic changes such as hyperglycemia. Monitor patients on antidiabetic agents for worsening glycemic control. The atypical antipsychotics have been associated with metabolic changes, including hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar, hyperglycemic states, and diabetic coma. Aggravation of diabetes mellitus has been reported. Possible mechanisms include atypical antipsychotic-induced insulin resistance or direct beta-cell inhibition.
Insulin Glargine; Lixisenatide: (Moderate) Atypical antipsychotic therapy may aggravate diabetes mellitus and cause metabolic changes such as hyperglycemia. Monitor patients on antidiabetic agents for worsening glycemic control. The atypical antipsychotics have been associated with metabolic changes, including hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar, hyperglycemic states, and diabetic coma. Aggravation of diabetes mellitus has been reported. Possible mechanisms include atypical antipsychotic-induced insulin resistance or direct beta-cell inhibition.
Insulins: (Moderate) Atypical antipsychotic therapy may aggravate diabetes mellitus and cause metabolic changes such as hyperglycemia. Monitor patients on antidiabetic agents for worsening glycemic control. The atypical antipsychotics have been associated with metabolic changes, including hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar, hyperglycemic states, and diabetic coma. Aggravation of diabetes mellitus has been reported. Possible mechanisms include atypical antipsychotic-induced insulin resistance or direct beta-cell inhibition.
Isavuconazonium: (Moderate) Concomitant use of isavuconazonium with aripiprazole may result in increased serum concentrations of aripiprazole. Aripiprazole is a substrate of CYP3A4 and isavuconazole, the active moiety of isavuconazonium, is a moderate inhibitor of this enzyme. If these agents are used in combination, the patient should be carefully monitored for aripiprazole-related adverse reactions. In addition, because aripiprazole is also metabolized by CYP2D6, patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adults receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. There are no dosing recommendations for Aristada or Aristada Initio during use of a mild to moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor.
Isocarboxazid: (Moderate) Due to the potential for additive CNS and cardiovascular effects, MAOIs and antipsychotics should be used together cautiously; some experts recommend initiating low doses of the antipsychotic and careful dosage titration.
Isoniazid, INH: (Moderate) Administering aripiprazole with isoniazid may result in elevated aripiprazole plasma concentrations. Aripiprazole is a substrate of CYP3A4 and isoniazid is a weak CYP3A inhibitor. If these agents are used in combination, the patient should be carefully monitored for aripiprazole-related adverse reactions. In addition, because aripiprazole is also metabolized by CYP2D6, patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adults receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. There are no dosing recommendations for Aristada during use of a mild to moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor.
Isoniazid, INH; Pyrazinamide, PZA; Rifampin: (Major) Because aripiprazole is metabolized by CYP3A4, the manufacturer recommends that the oral aripiprazole dose be doubled over 1 to 2 weeks when a potent CYP3A4 inducer, such as rifampin, is added to aripiprazole therapy with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. If these agents are used in combination, the patient should be carefully monitored for a decrease in aripiprazole efficacy. When the CYP3A4 inducer is discontinued, the aripiprazole dose in adults should be reduced to the original dose over 1 to 2 weeks. Avoid concurrent use of Abilify Maintena with a CYP3A4 inducer when the combined treatment period exceeds 14 days because aripiprazole blood concentrations decline and may become suboptimal. In adults receiving Aristada with a strong CYP3A4 inducer, no dosage adjustment is necessary for the 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg dose; increase the 441 mg dose to 662 mg if the CYP inducer is added for more than 2 weeks. Avoid concurrent use of Aristada Initio and strong CYP3A4 inducers. (Moderate) Administering aripiprazole with isoniazid may result in elevated aripiprazole plasma concentrations. Aripiprazole is a substrate of CYP3A4 and isoniazid is a weak CYP3A inhibitor. If these agents are used in combination, the patient should be carefully monitored for aripiprazole-related adverse reactions. In addition, because aripiprazole is also metabolized by CYP2D6, patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adults receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. There are no dosing recommendations for Aristada during use of a mild to moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor.
Isoniazid, INH; Rifampin: (Major) Because aripiprazole is metabolized by CYP3A4, the manufacturer recommends that the oral aripiprazole dose be doubled over 1 to 2 weeks when a potent CYP3A4 inducer, such as rifampin, is added to aripiprazole therapy with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. If these agents are used in combination, the patient should be carefully monitored for a decrease in aripiprazole efficacy. When the CYP3A4 inducer is discontinued, the aripiprazole dose in adults should be reduced to the original dose over 1 to 2 weeks. Avoid concurrent use of Abilify Maintena with a CYP3A4 inducer when the combined treatment period exceeds 14 days because aripiprazole blood concentrations decline and may become suboptimal. In adults receiving Aristada with a strong CYP3A4 inducer, no dosage adjustment is necessary for the 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg dose; increase the 441 mg dose to 662 mg if the CYP inducer is added for more than 2 weeks. Avoid concurrent use of Aristada Initio and strong CYP3A4 inducers. (Moderate) Administering aripiprazole with isoniazid may result in elevated aripiprazole plasma concentrations. Aripiprazole is a substrate of CYP3A4 and isoniazid is a weak CYP3A inhibitor. If these agents are used in combination, the patient should be carefully monitored for aripiprazole-related adverse reactions. In addition, because aripiprazole is also metabolized by CYP2D6, patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adults receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. There are no dosing recommendations for Aristada during use of a mild to moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor.
Isradipine: (Minor) Aripiprazole may enhance the hypotensive effects of antihypertensive agents.
Itraconazole: (Major) Caution is advised when administering itraconazole with drugs that are known to prolong that QT interval and are metabolized by CYP3A4, such as aripiprazole. Both aripiprazole and itraconazole are associated with QT prolongation; coadministration may increase this risk. In addition, coadministration of itraconazole, a potent CYP3A4 inhibitor, with aripiprazole, a partial CYP3A4 substrate, may result in an elevated aripiprazole plasma concentrations and an increased risk for adverse events, including QT prolongation. If these drugs must be used together, the manufacturer recommends the oral dose of aripiprazole dose be reduced to one-half of the usual dose. In adults receiving 300 mg or 400 mg of Abilify Maintena, dose reductions to 200 mg or 300 mg, respectively, are recommended if the CYP3A4 inhibitor is used for more than 14 days. In adults receiving Aristada, the Aristada dose should be reduced to the next lower strength during use of a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days. For patients receiving 882 mg of Aristada every 6 weeks or 1,064 mg every 2 months, the next lower strength should be 441 mg administered every 4 weeks. No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients taking 441 mg IM of Aristada, if tolerated. Because aripiprazole is also metabolized by CYP2D6, patients classified as CYP2D6 poor metabolizers (PMs) who are receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor or patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor should have their oral aripiprazole dose reduced to one-quarter (25%) of the usual dose with subsequent adjustments based upon clinical response. Adults receiving Abilify Maintena who are PMs and receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor should have a dose reduction to 200 mg/month IM. Patients receiving a combination of a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their Abilify Maintena dose reduced from 400 mg/month to 200 mg/month or from 300 mg/month to 160 mg/month, respectively. Adults receiving Aristada who are PMs of CYP2D6 and receiving a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days should have their dose reduced from 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg to 441 mg IM; no dose adjustment is needed in patients receiving 441 mg of Aristada, if tolerated. In adults receiving Aristada 662 mg, 882 mg, or 1,064 mg, combined use of a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor and a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor for more than 14 days should be avoided; no dose adjustment is needed in patients taking 441 mg, if tolerated. Avoid concurrent use of Aristada Initio and strong CYP3A4 inhibitors because the dose of Aristada Initio cannot be modified.
Ivosidenib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of ivosidenib with aripiprazole due to an increased risk of QT prolongation. If concomitant use is unavoidable, monitor ECGs for QTc prolongation and monitor electrolytes; correct any electrolyte abnormalities as clinically appropriate. An interruption of therapy and dose reduction of ivosidenib may be necessary if QT prolongation occurs. Prolongation of the QTc interval and ventricular arrhythmias have been reported in patients treated with ivosidenib. QT prolongation has occurred during therapeutic use of aripiprazole and following overdose.
Kava Kava, Piper methysticum: (Major) Patients who are taking atypical antipsychotics should only use kava kava with prescriber approval and close monitoring. Additive sedation and CNS effects are possible, and inhibition of antipsychotic metabolism may occur. In addition, kava kava has been reported to inhibit many CYP isozymes (i.e., CYP1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 3A4, and 4A9/11) and important pharmacokinetic interactions with CNS-active agents that undergo oxidative metabolism via these CYP isozymes are possible. Atypical antipsychotics are metabolized by various CYP isoenzymes and it is not yet documented if pharmacokinetic interactions occur with kava kava. At least 1 case report of a potential clinically significant interaction with kava kava and an atypical antipsychotic has been reported.
Ketoconazole: (Major) Aripiprazole and ketoconazole are both associated with prolongation of the QT interval; caution and close monitoring is recommended. In addition, because aripiprazole is partially metabolized by CYP3A4, the manufacturer recommends that the oral aripiprazole dose be reduced to one-half of the usual dose in patients receiving strong inhibitors of CYP3A4 such as ketoconazole. Concurrent use of aripiprazole (15 mg single dose) and ketoconazole (200 mg/day for 14 days) resulted in an increase in the AUC of aripiprazole and its active metabolite by 63% and 77%, respectively. In adults receiving 300 mg or 400 mg of Abilify Maintena, dose reductions to 200 mg