TYMLOS

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TYMLOS

Classes

Parathyroid Hormone Analogs and Modifiers

Administration
Injectable Administration

Visually inspect parenteral products for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration whenever solution and container permit.

Subcutaneous Administration

General Information
For subcutaneous use only. Do not administer intravenously or intramuscularly.
Abaloparatide is available as a prefilled pen (TYMLOS pen) containing 30 doses of abaloparatide (each dose contains 80 mcg in 40 mcL).
Needles are NOT included with the pen. The patient will need a separate prescription for the needles. The correct needles to use with the pen are 5 mm to 8 mm, 31-gauge. Compatible needles include Clickfine, BD Ultra-Fine, MedtFine, Easy Comfort, Clever Choice, Comfort EZ, and SureComfort.
Abaloparatide pens should never be shared among patients. Even if the disposable needle is changed, sharing may result in transmission of hepatitis viruses, HIV, or other blood-borne pathogens. Do not share pens among multiple patients in an inpatient setting. Reserve the use of any pen for 1 patient only.
Storage: Prior to the first use, store the pen in the refrigerator (do not freeze). After the first use, store the pen for up to 30 days at room temperature between 68 to 77 degrees F (20 to 25 degrees C); do not freeze the pen or expose it to heat. Keep the pen cap on the pen when not in use. Do not store the pen with a needle attached. Use the pen only for 30 days. Properly dispose of the pen 30 days after first opening it even if it still contains unused medicine.
 
Subcutaneous Administration (TYMLOS Pen)
Patients and caregivers should receive proper training and instruction on the proper use of the abaloparatide pen.
Pull off the pen cap from the pen. Keep the pen cap for storage between injections. Check the pen cartridge. The liquid should be clear, colorless, and free of particles; if not, do not use.
Keep the needle straight and screw it onto the pen until fixed; a secure fit is ensured even if there is no noticeable stop. Do not over-tighten.
Pull off the outer pen needle cap from the pen needle and keep it to re-cap the needle after the injection.
Carefully pull off the inner pen needle cap and dispose of it.
Each new pen must be primed prior to the first use only. This step removes air bubbles from the pen.
Turn the dose knob on the pen away from you (clockwise) until it stops. You will see "80” lined up in the dose display window.
Hold the pen with the pen needle pointing up. Tap lightly with your finger on the cartridge holder to move any air bubbles in the cartridge to the top of the cartridge.
Press the green injection button until it will not go any further. You will see "0" lined up in the dose display window. A drop of liquid should come out of the needle tip. If not, repeat the priming steps.
Set the patient's dose on the pen by turning the dose knob on the pen away from you (clockwise) until the dose knob stops and "80" is lined up in the dose display window.
Choose and clean an injection site in the periumbilical region of the abdomen. Avoid the 2-inch area around the navel. Do not inject into areas where the skin is tender, bruised, red, scaly, or hard. Avoid areas with scars or stretch marks.
Insert the pen needle straight into the patient's skin.
Press the green injection button on the pen until it cannot go any further and "0" is in the dose display window. Do not move the pen after inserting the needle.
Continue to press the green injection button while counting to 10. Counting to 10 will allow the full dose to be given.
After counting to 10, release the green injection button and slowly remove the pen from the injection site by pulling the pen needle straight out.
Carefully place the outer needle cap back on the pen needle. Press on the outer needle cap until it snaps into place and is secure.
Unscrew the used, capped needle from the pen. To unscrew the capped needle you may need to turn it 8 or more turns and then gently pull until the capped needle comes off. Properly dispose of the used needle.
Firmly replace the pen cap onto the pen. Keep the pen cap on the pen for storage between injections.
Rotate site of injection daily and administer at approximately the same time every day.
The first several doses should be administered with the patient laying down in case symptoms of orthostatic hypotension occur.

Adverse Reactions
Severe

anaphylactoid reactions / Rapid / Incidence not known
osteogenic sarcoma / Delayed / Incidence not known
new primary malignancy / Delayed / Incidence not known

Moderate

hyperuricemia / Delayed / 7.0-25.0
hypercalciuria / Delayed / 11.0-11.0
palpitations / Early / 5.0-5.0
hypercalcemia / Delayed / 3.0-3.0
nephrolithiasis / Delayed / 2.0-2.1
sinus tachycardia / Rapid / 2.0-2.0
bone pain / Delayed / 2.0-2.0
orthostatic hypotension / Delayed / 1.0-1.0
dyspnea / Early / Incidence not known
constipation / Delayed / Incidence not known
antibody formation / Delayed / Incidence not known

Mild

injection site reaction / Rapid / 6.0-58.0
dizziness / Early / 9.0-10.0
nausea / Early / 3.0-8.0
headache / Early / 8.0-8.0
arthralgia / Delayed / 7.0-7.0
abdominal pain / Early / 2.0-3.0
diarrhea / Early / 3.0-3.0
fatigue / Early / 3.0-3.0
vertigo / Early / 2.0-2.0
rash / Early / Incidence not known
pruritus / Rapid / Incidence not known
vomiting / Early / Incidence not known
lethargy / Early / Incidence not known
malaise / Early / Incidence not known
asthenia / Delayed / Incidence not known
insomnia / Early / Incidence not known
back pain / Delayed / Incidence not known
muscle cramps / Delayed / Incidence not known

Common Brand Names

TYMLOS

Dea Class

Rx

Description

An analog of human parathyroid hormone related peptide [PTHrP(1-34)]
Used for the treatment of postmenopausal women or men with osteoporosis at high risk for fracture
Cumulative use for more than 2 years during a patient's lifetime is not recommended

Dosage And Indications
For the treatment of osteoporosis. For the treatment of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis at high risk for fracture. Subcutaneous dosage Adult postmenopausal females

80 mcg subcutaneously once daily. Reserve use for postmenopausal women at high risk for fracture, including a history of osteoporotic fracture, multiple risk factors for fracture, or patients who have failed or are intolerant to other available osteoporosis therapy. Supplement calcium and vitamin D if dietary intake is inadequate. Cumulative use of abaloparatide for more than 2 years during a patient's lifetime is not recommended. Follow abaloparatide treatment with a bisphosphonate or denosumab to prevent decline of bone density and loss of efficacy against fracture. The North American Menopause Society (NAMS) recommends that use of parathyroid analogs in postmenopausal women be reserved for those patients with a high risk of fracture who do not have hypercalcemia, bone metastases, any bone tumor-predisposing disorder, or a history of skeletal irradiation.

For the treatment of men with osteoporosis at high risk for fracture. Subcutaneous dosage Adults

80 mcg subcutaneously once daily. Reserve use for men at high risk for fracture, including a history of osteoporotic fracture, multiple risk factors for fracture, or patients who have failed or are intolerant to other available osteoporosis therapy. Supplement calcium and vitamin D if dietary intake is inadequate. Cumulative use of abaloparatide for more than 2 years during a patient's lifetime is not recommended.

Dosing Considerations
Hepatic Impairment

Specific guidelines for dosage adjustments in hepatic impairment are not available; it appears that no dosage adjustments are needed.

Renal Impairment

Specific guidelines for dosage adjustments in renal impairment are not available; it appears that no dosage adjustments are needed.

Drug Interactions

There are no drug interactions associated with Abaloparatide products.

How Supplied

TYMLOS Subcutaneous Inj Sol: 1mL, 2000mcg

Maximum Dosage
Adults

80 mcg/day subcutaneously.

Geriatric

80 mcg/day subcutaneously.

Adolescents

Safety and efficacy have not been established.

Children

Safety and efficacy have not been established.

Infants

Safety and efficacy have not been established.

Mechanism Of Action

Abaloparatide is a synthetic peptide analog of the parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP 1-34), which acts as an agonist at the PTH1 receptor (PTH1R) with greater selectivity than teriparatide. Binding to the PTH1R results in activation of the cAMP signaling pathway in target cells. New bone formation on trabecular and cortical bone surfaces occurs through stimulation of osteoblastic activity with once-daily administration of abaloparatide. In animal studies, abaloparatide had an anabolic effect on bone, resulting in increased bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content that correlated with increases in bone strength at vertebral and/or nonvertebral sites. When administered once daily for 24 weeks, a dose-response relationship was observed for BMD and bone formation markers in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.

Pharmacokinetics

Abaloparatide is administered subcutaneously. Plasma protein binding is approximately 70%, and the volume of distribution is 50 L. The half-life of abaloparatide is approximately 1 hour. No specific metabolism studies have been performed with abaloparatide. Metabolism is consistent with non-specific proteolytic degradation into smaller peptide fragments. Peptide fragments are primarily eliminated through renal excretion.
 
Affected cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isoenzymes and drug transporters: None
No metabolism-related drug interactions are expected. Abaloparatide does not inhibit or induce CYP450 enzymes, and it is not a substrate of OAT1, OAT3, OCT2, MATE1, OR MATE2K.

Subcutaneous Route

After 7 days of subcutaneous administration of abaloparatide 80 mcg/day, the mean maximal concentration Cmax (SD) was 812 (118) pg/mL and the mean (SD) exposure was 1,622 (641) pg x hour/mL for AUC in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. The mean time to peak concentration (Tmax) was 0.51 hour (0.25 to 0.52 hour) after subcutaneous administration. The absolute bioavailability of abaloparatide in healthy women after subcutaneous administration of an 80 mcg dose was 36%.

Pregnancy And Lactation
Pregnancy

Abaloparatide is not indicated for women of reproductive potential. There are no human or animal data on the use of abaloparatide during pregnancy to inform any drug associated risks.

Abaloparatide is not indicated for women of reproductive potential; there is no experience with use of the drug during breast-feeding. There are no data on the presence of abaloparatide in human milk, the effects on the breast-fed infant, or the effects on milk production.